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Advances and challenges in peach breeding
Peaches are found in diverse climates and growing regions, plus its relatively short juvenile period, self-pollinated fruitfulness, small genome size and important identified Mendelian traits have made peach a model fruit for breeding and genetics research. This chapter reviews the moderate chill...
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Transitioning monocultures to complex forest stands in central europe: principles and practice
The high expectations placed on forests in Europe require an integrative approach to forest management. Heterogeneous mixed-species stands are of special interest as they fulfil many ecosystem services better than monocultures, and consequently homogenous forest stands are now often transformed i...
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Biotechnology for wheat crop protection: potential and challenges
Wheat is an economically important commodity because of the fundamental place it holds in human diets, and to keep up with ever rising demands crop yield must increase substantially. Wheat grain yield, however, is under constant threat by abiotic (e.g., heat, drought, pollutants) and biotic stres...
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Fusarium wilt of banana: impact, epidemiology and management of fusarium wilt race 1 and 2
The soil-borne fungus F. oxysporum forma specialis cubense (Foc), causing fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), is one of the most devastating diseases affecting banana. The fungus has a polyphyletic origin and strains and races have evolved with different wild banana species in various areas of the Ind...
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Instant insights: fungal diseases of apples
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews discussing fungal diseases of apples.
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Advances in foliar fertilizers to optimize crop nutrition
Foliar fertilizer sprays are increasingly used in agriculture for improving crop yield and quality, and also for improving plant performance under potential abiotic and/or biotic stress threats. This chapter focuses on new findings related to the nature of plant surfaces as a barrier for the abso...
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Instant insights: carbon monitoring and management in forests
This book discusses the utilisation of tropical and temperate forests as tools for monitoring and managing carbon. The book also considers how agroforestry systems can be utilised to improve soil fertility, food security and land restoration.
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Advances in mycotoxin-resistant maize varieties
Depending on the growing environment, maize grains can be infected by one or more ear rot fungi, which may decrease grain yield and quality. Many of them also produce secondary metabolites, known as mycotoxins, which can have serious detrimental effects on humans and animals that consume the infe...
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Energy-smart innovation and renewable energy systems on farms: an overview
To save costs, increase productivity, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, energy-smart farming is gaining momentum. Direct energy inputs essential for all food production systems, both on farms as well as along the food supply chain, have conventionally been supplied by oil, coal and natural gas...
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Climate-smart production of coffee
The coffee sector needs more sustainable methods of cultivation. This volume reviews the range of recent research addressing these challenges, from social and environmental sustainability to integrated management of pests and diseases based on agroecological principles.
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Ensuring the genetic diversity of sorghum
Sorghum is a staple food crop for millions of the poorest and most food-insecure people in the semi-arid tropics, and ensuring its diversity and conservation is therefore important for global food and nutritional security. This chapter discusses the taxonomy of sorghum, in situ and ex situ germpl...
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Sustainable systems for integrated fish and vegetable production: new perspectives on aquaponics
Aquaponics integrates fish and seafood rearing (aquaculture) with soilless production of horticultural produce (hydroponics). Engineered systems of this kind meet the challenges posed by global population growth, urbanization, global climate change, limited access to resources for agricultural ac...
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Using systems agronomy to exploit deep roots in crops
In this chapter we review strategies to capture benefits from deeper rooting, taking the example of the semi-arid southern Australian wheat belt. The chapter focusses on the theme of better capturing deep subsoil water with deeper and more effective root systems. The chapter looks at ways of incr...
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Advances in cultivation of avocado
Avocado has become a very popular fruit in the diet, causing avocado consumption to grow worldwide. This chapter discusses what is being done to improve the cultivation of avocado. It reviews methods in preserving and increasing the soil nutrition of avocado such as adding organic matter into the...
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Composition and properties of egg white
Eggs are the most economical and abundant source of high-quality dietary protein, and are noteworthy for both their nutritional and functional properties. This chapter provides detailed information about the structure, chemical composition and functionality of egg white. Section 2 reviews the str...
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The palm oil governance complex: progress, problems and gaps
Oil palm expansion has delivered economic development in host countries, including indirect benefits for local infrastructure development and rural poverty reduction, and multiplier effects for the national economies. However, its development has often come at the cost of basic rights and of biod...
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Wheat genetic resources: global conservation and use for the future
The importance of wheat to the global food supply means that many institutions across the world hold collections of wheat germplasm to study and preserve wheat genetic material. This chapter describes a global ex situ conservation strategy to assess the status of wheat genetic resources held by i...
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Advances in protected cultivation of ornamentals
The ornamentals industry continues to incorporate scientific and technological advances to adapt to the challenges of a changing marketplace and societal demands. The advent of LED technology has created new and unique opportunities for growing plants. Vertical propagation systems and the ability...
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The gut microbiota in pigs: ecology and biotherapeutics
The community of microorganisms inhabiting the intestine of mammals are referred to as the gut microbiome and are known to influence the health of their host. Despite extensive work in the last decades, we still know remarkably little about their diversity and the molecular mechanisms underlying ...
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Instant insights: proximal sensors in agriculture
This collection features four peer-reviewed reviews on proximal sensors in agriculture.
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Advances in marker-assisted breeding of apples
Breeding and selecting new improved cultivars by exploiting natural genetic diversity is an essential route forward in ensuring sustained and sustainable apple production. There can be no doubt that breeders have an expanding set of tools at their disposal to achieve these goals with the advent o...
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Biosecurity measures to prevent zoonotic and other diseases in poultry farm environments
Safety and biosecurity of animals, particularly farm animals and workers, are a major concern for agricultural industry as well as public health. Designing and implementing effective biosecurity measures are crucial for preventing the spread of animal diseases and controlling zoonotic disease to ...
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Biomass gasification for bioenergy
Thermal gasification is a very relevant technological platform to assess in relation to production of carbon negative bioenergy from plant materials as it offers high feed- and product flexibility combined with high energy efficiency. Many different biomass feedstock and organic secondary resourc...
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Integrated management of mite pests of tree fruit
Mites are a perennial pest of tree fruit crops worldwide. Foliar feeding by mites can lead to decreased photosynthetic activity, reducing plant vigour and yield. For some mite pests, fruit deformation or russeting can occur. Two main families of mites are found on tree fruits: tetranychids (spide...
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Biopesticides for sustainable agriculture
Part 1 of this collection reviews research on developing and assessing new biopesticides. Part 2 summarises advances in different types of entomopathogenic biopesticide. Part 3 assesses semiochemical, peptide-based and other natural substance-based biopesticides.
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Integrated weed management in wheat cultivation
Weed management in wheat cultivation is dominated by one control method – use of herbicides. Their overuse has led to weed resistance to herbicides and the need for alternative weed control strategies that will preserve herbicide efficacy as well as agricultural and environmental sustainability. ...
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Optimizing the health of gilts and sows during pregnancy and parturition
Pregnancy and parturition are sensitive phases of the production cycle in the sow. Indeed, production diseases such as post partum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) and vaginal discharge syndrome (VDS) appear in the peri- or postpartum period. Social stress and seasonal disruption of pregnancy in group ...
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A lesser-known pathogen of wheat: bipolaris sorokiniana
The filamentous fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph Cochliobolus sativus) is a necrotrophic cereal pathogen of significant concern in the warm, nontraditional wheat cropping regions of Southern Asia. B. sorokiniana is also recognised as the predominant causative agent of the disease complex ...
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Quality parameters and testing methods in rice cultivation
Quality parameters and the ability to test when these have been satisfied are essential for delivering a consistent, high-quality product to consumers, and important for the development of new rice varieties with desired characteristics. This chapter begins by focusing on technology for assessing...
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Optimizing fruit production efficiencies through mechanization
Many technological advances in farming have been adopted over the last century transforming various operations. However, some processes in fruit and vegetable production such as tree fruit and berry harvesting have not changed, and crops such as apples, cherries, peaches, blueberries, and strawbe...
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Eco-functional intensification of organic farming
Organic farming aims to increase productivity while maintaining a positive impact on biodiversity and using minimal resources. An urgent question of global importance is how organic agricultural systems can be improved with regard to the various functions of producing food, saving biodiversity an...
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Advances in automated in-field grading of harvested crops
Mechanical harvesting machines such as canopy and trunk shakers are widely used for yield collection from some crops; however, most fruits and vegetables produced for the fresh market have to be collected manually. This chapter reviews the current state of mechanized collection technology, such a...
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Climate change and water resources for agriculture
Population growth and climate change increasingly challenge water supply systems, and population dynamics, growing demands, pollution, land use changes and other factors frequently produce the failure of some water supply systems. Climate change is believed to augment the existing pressure on wat...
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Progress in understanding fungal diseases affecting sugarcane: red rot
Red rot is a disease of sugarcane stalks caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum falcatum. It has been recorded in 77 countries worldwide, but occurs most severely in South Asian countries, especially India, Nepal, Pakistan, Myanmar and Bangladesh, as well as in Thailand and Vietnam. Develop...
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Advanced technologies to accelerate sorghum breeding
Sorghum is a critically important crop, yet advanced technologies for its improvement have lagged behind other crops like rice and maize. This chapter first summarizes some of the current technologies beyond conventional breeding methods that can be utilized for crop improvement in sorghum. Some ...
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Disease and pest management in organic farming: a case for applied agroecology
Disease and pest management in organic agriculture are based on a whole set of interlinked system management methods, including in certain cases, the use of organic pesticides and biocontrol organisms. In order to achieve the greatest possible natural biological control within a growing system, t...
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Aetiology, diagnosis and control of mastitis in dairy herds
Mastitis is one of the most economically important diseases in dairy production. Associated costs include treatment, culling, death and decreased milk production, and cow welfare is also compromised. This chapter reviews the indicators of mastitis and the contagious and environmental pathogens wh...
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Advances in pea breeding
Cultivated forms of pea can be classified as dry or field pea (dry seeds for food or feed), vegetable or green pea (young seeds, pods or shoots for food) and forage pea (for silage or grazing). Quality requirements differ for each pea type. This chapter reviews advances in pea breeding, including...
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Key challenges in forest management
Forest managers face many challenges, both now and in the future, driven by society’s need as well as by the impacts dictated by the climate change threat. Growing populations will also strain the forest’s ability to provide traditional products sustainably while catering to the growing demands f...
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Organic potato cultivation
Organic potato cultivation requires a whole system perspective, with particular focus on rotation design. Producing organic potatoes relies strongly on indirect, preventive and long-term strategic measures for both plant nutrition and plant protection. This chapter examines all aspects of the pro...
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Achieving net zero dairy farming
To meet the targets outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement, many countries are actively working towards reaching climate neutrality and achieving net zero by 2050. With the livestock sector estimated to contribute approximately 11-17% of global greenhouse gas emissions, more research and innovation...
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Achieving sustainable production of milk volume 3
Animal health and welfare are of major importance in dairy farming. This collection looks at the key issues affecting dairy herd welfare as well as ways of optimising dairy cattle nutrition. It also reviews ways of detecting, preventing and managing diseases affecting dairy cattle.
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Instant insights: understanding and conserving pollinators
This book provides a comprehensive overview on the current status of pollinator populations, the key ecosystem services they provide and the ways in which they can be better understood and consequently protected.
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Effect of processing techniques on the quality of animal feed
The objective of this chapter is to demonstrate how the manipulation of extrusion processing parameters such as specific mechanical energy (SME) can directly influence the nutritional value of a given formulation component such as starch in a dry animal feed formulation.
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The multidimensional socio-economic impacts of food losses and waste
Food losses and waste (FLW) occur at different levels of the food supply chains and have significant social, micro and macroeconomic impacts. Current knowledge, from food supply chain level cost-benefit analyses up to scenario analyses with general equilibrium models, indicates that FLW have majo...
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Oishii farm: gaining the leading edge in the plant factory business and looking ahead
The age of indoor vertical farming is inevitable as changes in global climate threaten traditional agriculture. Through the integration of new technologies and innovations, whoever establishes themselves as the leader of this rising industry will change the face of agriculture across the globe. A...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of oil palm volume 1
Palm oil is widely used for food processing, personal care products and as a biofuel. The cultivation of oil palm has raised concerns about sustainability. The first volume in this collection reviews research addressing these challenges in areas such as breeding and cultivation techniques.
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Crispr/cas9-mediated genome editing in brassica
CRISPR/Cas9 is a valuable tool for both basic and applied research that has been widely applied to different plant species. In this chapter, we reviewed the application of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing toolkit in Brassica crops. We also provided a case study in Brassica napus. Collectively, our resu...
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Metabolic services of intestinal microbiota of swine: metabolism of carbohydrates and bile salts
Vertebrate animals are holobionts and their physiology and metabolism are influenced by their commensal microbiota. Gut microbiota and their metabolites play a key role in the host defense against pathogenic microorganisms, shape the immune system, and impact the resistance to chronic disease. Th...
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Advances in understanding the ecology of citrus insect pests
Citrus is one of the oldest and most important perennial fruit crops of the world and has been a crucial cultivar in the development of technology to manage insect pests. Some of the leading breakthroughs include classical biological control, early fumigation practices, establishment of plant qua...
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The effects on crop cultivation of increased co₂, temperature and ozone levels due to climate change
Atmospheric changes, including high CO2 concentration, air temperature and tropospheric ozone concentration, are challenging our crop cultivation systems, with potential negative implications for global food production. Atmospheric changes directly affect different physiological processes, and fu...
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Post-harvest risk management of biological hazards encountered in horticultural produce
Fresh produce remains the main cause of foodborne illness outbreaks implicating a diverse range of enteric pathogens. The primary source of pathogens is pre-harvest contamination, which then become disseminated during processing. This chapter provides an overview of fresh produce related foodborn...
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Conservation agriculture in west asia
The soils of the agricultural areas in West Asia are suffering from degradation, erosion and reduction in fertility that is reflected on the quantity and quality of production. The results of field research in Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Turkey and Iran for the past 10 years or more, comparing...
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Modifying canopy architecture to optimize photosynthesis in crops
Canopy architecture is described by the quantity and three-dimensional display of leaves in a crop canopy, which determines light interception and subsequent canopy photosynthesis. While many crop canopies were reshaped by selection during the Green Revolution, there is further opportunity for im...
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Advances in understanding the nutritional value of starch in wheat
This chapter provides a nutritional overview of the wheat starch structure, function, digestibility of diverse wheat starches, and highlights interactions of starch and other biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and non-starch polysaccharides.
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Advances in breeding of dairy cattle
Dairy cattle breeding faces challenges such as reduced genetic diversity and the improvement of production over functional traits. This collection reviews the latest research on genetics, genetic diversity and advanced methods of genetic evaluation and selection.
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Understanding the behaviour and improving the welfare of chickens
Part 1 of this volume reviews advances in research on key aspects of poultry behaviour and welfare monitoring. Part 2 discusses particular welfare issues affecting broilers and layers such as housing and environmental enrichment as well as problems such as injurious pecking and bone health.
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Genetic evaluation: use of genomic data in large-scale genetic evaluations in dairy cattle breeding
Genomic evaluation has been successfully implemented in nearly all advanced dairy producing countries. Methods to compute genomic genetic evaluations for dairy cattle can be divided into single-step methods and multi-step methods. This chapter introduces the use of mixed model equations and the n...
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Enhancing the nutritional profile of eggs
The nutrients contained within the table egg can be easily modified or enhanced through the hen’s diet. As such, the egg represents an economically viable functional food that can be utilized to deliver potent bio-active components into the human diet. In this chapter, we review the major targets...
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Sustainability pathways in oil palm cultivation: a comparison of indonesia, colombia and cameroon
Oil palm development is a major subject in controversies over sustainable agriculture. Economic benefits are very high due to the crop characteristics and its impact on smallholder development and economic growth. Producer countries have targeted oil palm expansion to meet national and global dem...
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Monitoring airborne movement of crop insect pests and beneficials
This chapter explores monitoring airborne movement of crop insect pests and beneficials. The chapter begins by highlighting the importance of trapping methods when it comes to monitoring specimens. This is then followed by a review of the visual observation of insects and a discussion of various ...
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Advances in marker-assisted breeding of tomatoes
Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. This chapter describes the process of marker development and how this can be used to improve tomato breeding. The chapter discusses the techniques of marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) to identify and exploi...
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The effect of cultivation techniques on tea quality
The profitability of tea production depends on whether the type of tea produced has the right quality that is acceptable to consumers. However, sensory evaluation of tea alone has been criticized as subjective. This chapter examines the environmental and agronomic factors lying behind tea quality...
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The use of plant extracts as dietary supplements in dairy cow nutrition: plant essential oils
This chapter examines the use of plant extracts as dietary supplements in dairy cow nutrition, specifically focusing on plant essential oils. The chapter begins by reviewing the ruminal effects of essential oils, drawing specific attention to their mechanisms of action, how targets are selected t...
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The role of grasslands in biogeochemical cycles and biodiversity conservation
Grasslands have a multifunctional role in producing forage for animal production systems while providing a wide array of ecosystem services, including the regulation of biogeochemical cycles and the maintenance of biodiversity which are of utmost importance for agriculture and society as a whole....
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Integrated crop management of wheat
Integrated crop management (ICM) is the practice of using multiple agronomic and pest control methods to maximize yield and net returns and to minimize inputs while maintaining economic and environmental sustainability. This chapter describes the role of agronomists in developing ICM strategies a...
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The past, present and future of fusarium wilt of banana caused by tropical race 4
Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB) Tropical Race 4 (TR4) is caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium odoratissimum. At present, the spread of TR4 has been documented in at least 21 countries throughout all major Cavendish banana-producing regions of the world. It seems inevitable that TR4 will c...
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Instant insights: optimising reproductive efficiency in pigs
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the range of factors currently affecting reproductive efficiency in modern pig production, such as gilt development and litter size for sows and genetic line and progressive motility for boars.
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Managing poultry litter to improve safety and reduce environmental impact
Poultry litter can be both a low-cost and nutrient-rich fertilizer for farming and a possible vector for environmental or microbiological hazards, highlighting the importance of proper treatment or handling the poultry litter. This chapter explores the microbiological quality and safety aspects o...
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The coffee sector and smallholder farmers
This chapter reviews the role of smallholders in coffee cultivation and the challenges they face. It reviews definitions, size and distribution of this group. The chapter then looks at structure and price volatility in the coffee market and its impact on smallholders, including the effects of the...
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Understanding the health benefits and nutraceutical properties of organosulphur compounds in vegetables
Organosulphur compounds are typically identified by their unpleasant odours and comprise a wide variety of sulphur-containing organic molecules, abundant both in nature and in the body, which are found in a variety of vegetables such as garlic, onions, chives and leeks. There are a number of heal...
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Advances in bioprotection of plants against diseases
This book reviews some of the latest trends in the bioprotectants sector, looking at advances in techniques, the development of new and emerging biocontrol agents, as well as the growing range of applications.
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Conservation agriculture in the usa
Climate and soils determine where crop production is concentrated in the US. The climate is changing and conservation agriculture (CA) will be critical to guarantee sustainable soil and water management in the future. This chapter reviews evidences of a foundation of CA based agriculture in pre-C...
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Ensuring safety and quality in the production of beef volume 2
Volume 2 reviews developments related to quality, starting with the way breeding and growth affect meat quality. The book then discusses cattle nutrition and management before concluding with an assessment of factors determining individual quality traits such as colour and flavour.
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Advances in optimizing potassium-use efficiency in crop production
Potassium-use efficiency (KUE) is the outcome of a complex interaction among crop internal physiology, the environment and the management practices imposed on the production system. Four metrics of KUE are discussed: partial factor productivity (PFPK), partial nutrient balance (PNBK), agronomic e...
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Modelling potato growth
The development of mechanistic models for predicting growth of various crops (including potatoes) has continued for several decades, and new applications of such models are increasingly becoming available. Despite the benefits of this development, it may be difficult for the user to choose partic...
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Key issues in agricultural ethics
This collection explores key ethical debates surrounding agriculture and agri-food supply chains, including issues such as animal welfare, use of labour, the effects of new technologies and the overall impact of agriculture on the environment. It considers the ways these ethical dilemmas may be b...
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Growing organic apples in europe
This chapter reviews key research areas involved in organic apple production, and covers the development of suitable varieties and rootstocks, soil fertility management and strategies for maintaining apple tree health. A number of case studies are then considered in order to show how research can...
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Managing soil health for sustainable agriculture volume 1
There is a growing concern that both intensive agriculture in the developed world and rapid expansion of agriculture in the developing world is damaging soil health. This volume reviews advances in our understanding of soil structure and dynamics which form the foundation for effective soil manag...
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Advances and challenges in apple breeding
Breeding new apple varieties is a costly and time-consuming endeavour, often selecting for consumer-preference traits at the expense of other traits of agronomic importance. However, combining both sustainable cultivation with market acceptability is a goal that if achieved would benefit growers,...
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Improving grassland and pasture management in temperate agriculture
In many countries there has been a shift to intensive grassland livestock systems with higher environmental impact. There is also greater understanding of the wider role of grasslands in delivering ecosystem services. This collection reviews current research into the more sustainable use of agric...
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Improving the reproductive efficiency of sheep
Sheep, in the form of mutton and lamb, fulfils, in large part, the world’s ever-increasing demand for animal protein. Large areas of the world are arid and semi-arid and are thus suitable for sheep farming, but there is only limited availability of pasture area. Therefore, sheep production must b...
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Assessing and reducing the environmental impact of tea cultivation
Tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Consequently it has become an important plantation crop in many countries. As a perennial crop occupying a large proportion of arable land, assessing its environmental impact would benefit the economy of tea growing countries immensely. This ...
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Nutrient sources and their application in cassava cultivation
This chapter discusses various sources of nutrients to be applied to prevent soil nutrient depletion, as well as the optimum rates, times and methods of their application. It also describes how computer models can predict site-specific nutrient requirements and balanced fertilizer rates to maximi...
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Understanding plant-root interactions with rhizobacteria to improve biological nitrogen fixation in crops
Plant roots have evolved with the presence of rhizobacteria that can colonise the surface or interior of the plant. Some of these rhizobacteria are actively recruited by the plant and carry out particular functions, in particular in nutrient acquisition. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria form associations...
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Durability of efficacy of microbial bioprotectants against plant diseases
Plant pathogens can develop resistance to conventional plant protection products but their ability to overcome the effect of microbial bioprotectants is still poorly known. However, various studies show that susceptibility of plant pathogens to microbial bioprotectants can be highly variable. Thi...
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Techniques and key issues in collecting crop wild relatives
The genetic diversity found in populations of crop wild relatives is an essential resource for future crop breeding, but populations are at risk of loss before germplasm has been fully conserved in genebanks. This chapter describes best practice for targeting and identifying species, and review k...
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Optimizing livestock manure as a biofertilizer and bioenergy source
This chapter provides an overview of the main technologies for manure valorization into bioenergy and biofertilizer products. It discusses developments in more established technologies such as solid-liquid (S/L) separation, anaerobic digestion and composting. It also reviews more innovative techn...
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Post-harvest wheat losses in africa: an ethiopian case study
This chapter discusses the results of a 2014 questionnaire-based survey instrument used to gauge perceptions of 200 Ethiopian wheat farmers on a wide range of wheat production and post-harvest handling and storage- related topics. It outlines the methods employed in the study, the demographics of...
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Understanding the effects of maternal environment in controlling seed dormancy
The maternal environment explored by the developing seed has decisive importance in shaping the seed dormancy phenotype. Although these effects have started to be recognized several decades ago, only in recent years we began to understand the underlying mechanisms through which the environmental ...
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Agroforestry practices: silvopastoralism
Silvopastoralism is a traditional agroforestry practice that is still managed across the world for raising livestock in lands that often include a combination of grass understorey with a sparse cover of trees and/or shrubs. The woody component plays multiple roles such as forage resource, shading...
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Socio-cultural factors affecting women smallholder farmers’ empowerment in uganda
Promoting women’s empowerment and gender equality plays a key role in accelerating equitable and sustainable agricultural systems in Africa, yet efforts to better integrate women in agricultural development often ignore the underlying social-economic drivers that underpin gender inequalities. Thi...
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Instant insights: economics of key agricultural practices
This collection assesses the economics of key agricultural practices, with chapters dedicated to analysing the economic impact and consequences of insect pest management and novel integrated weed management strategies. Additional chapters consider the economic barriers faced by smallholder farmer...
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Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production
This collection reviews measurement and modelling of methane emissions and current mitigation strategies, including improving breeding and health, manure management as well as the role of grassland and feed supplements.
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The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve root function and nutrient-use efficiency
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form endosymbiosis with over 70 % of land plants, including most crops including cereals. These symbioses facilitate resource exchange between partners and can significantly increase plant nutrient uptake and growth, among other benefits. AMF ubiquity in agricul...
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The role of biodiversity in agroforestry and other types of smallholder farming
Agricultural biodiversity, commonly referred to as agrobiodiversity, is a part of biodiversity that is conserved in agricultural habitats and food production landscapes. Adopting a multidimensional approach to their management is essential to increase sustainability of agricultural habitats. This...
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Soil and nutrient management in grain legume cultivation
Due to their role in improving soil fertility, grain legumes can be integrated into farming systems as part of soil fertility management. This offers a potential pathway towards sustainable intensification. In this chapter we focus on how to maximize biological nitrogen fixation and yields of gra...
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Developments in algal processing
Macroalgae and microalgae, including cyanobacteria, are primarily photosynthetic organisms grown for the production of renewable biomass for foods, feedstocks, and high-value specialty chemicals. While there are differences in cultivating and harvesting macro- and microalgae due to scale, many of...
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Using crop residues/by-products as livestock feed in a circular economy
In this chapter, we will provide an overview of the nutrient profile of commonly used by-product feeds, how they are generated, and the limitations associated with their use in animal rations. We will focus on dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) because of its use across different lives...
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Conservation agriculture in west and central canada: an integrated review of adoption
This chapter reviews the roles of farmers, organizations, researchers and policy all played in the adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in Canada. The chapter acknowledges the value of conversations the authors have had over the decades with farmers, academics, extension specialists and othe...
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