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Advances in modified atmosphere and active packaging of horticultural produce
The science and technology of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), continues to expand not only within the industry but also in terms of the technologies that are becoming available. MAP has transitioned from a standalone technology to a platform where unique science and technologies can be incor...
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Cultural techniques to manage weeds
Widespread problems with herbicide-resistant weeds, environmental contamination by herbicides, and soil degradation due to excessive cultivation have led to an increasing need for integrated weed management strategies that make use of a wide array of cultural techniques to reduce weed population ...
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Advances in understanding modes of action of microbial bioprotectants
Plant-associated microorganisms are involved in important functions related to growth, performance and health of their hosts. Understanding their modes of action is important for the development and application of microbial bioprotectants and biostimulants. Recent studies have revealed manifold p...
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Bacterial and viral diseases affecting soybean production
Pathogens of soybean include bacteria, fungi, nematodes, oomycetes, parasitic plants and viruses. Losses due to diseases are estimated to be about 14% of total soybean production. In this chapter, we review bacterial blight, pustule, tan spot and wilt, as well as a few other bacterial diseases af...
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Instant insights: fusarium in cereals
This specially curated collection features four reviews of current topics and key research in fusarium in cereals.
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Fungal diseases of fruit: apple cankers in europe
The cultivated apple, Malus x domestica (syn. Malus pumila), is prone to a plethora of fungal diseases. In this chapter, the authors explore those that cause canker diseases of apple in Europe with particular focus on European apple canker caused by Neonectria ditissima. The authors discuss N. di...
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Developments in tomato breeding: conventional and biotechnology tools
Plant breeding is defined as identifying and selecting desirable traits in plants and combining these into one individual plant. Since 1900, Mendel’s laws of genetics provided the scientific basis for plant breeding. This chapter presents ‘conventional’ breeding technologies that have been applie...
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Instant insights: improving the shelf life of horticultural produce
This collection provides a detailed insight into the methods used to improve the shelf life of horticultural products, focussing on how the implementation of these methods can contribute to reducing the amount of global food loss and waste in the horticultural sector. Chapters explore the role of...
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Advances in improving the safety and quality of eggs
Global egg production continues to rise in line with increasing consumer demand, with an estimated 1.6 trillion shell eggs produced each year. However, with consumer expectations surrounding food now higher than ever, the sector must ensure that key aspects of egg quality and safety are optimised...
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Modeling crop rotations: capturing short- and long-term feedbacks for sustainability and soil health
Crop rotation is a critical management strategy available to farmers to sustain soil fertility, combat pests, and improve crop yields. Because of the complex feedbacks occurring in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, legacy effects and their interactions with climate are generally not well under...
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Challenges and developments in hybrid breeding of barley
Over a long period of more than a century, breeding and improvements in cropping systems have led to a constant increase in grain yield in barley. Due to its autogamous propagation, commercial barley varieties are normally true inbred lines or doubled haploid lines normally having completely homo...
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Use of biocontrol agents in fruit tree disease management
Increasing demands for residue-free fruits, changes in regulation and a decreasing number of available synthetic fungicides favour growth of the biocontrol products market. These products include naturally occurring beneficial microorganisms which are used to control plant diseases. This chapter ...
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The nutraceutical properties of rice
This chapter reviews rice varieties and variations in nutritional content, bio-fortification of rice and antioxidants in rice. It also reviews the impact of breeding, cultivation and processing on the nutritional quality of rice.
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Advances in understanding carbohydrate requirements and utilization in dairy cattle
This chapter reviews advances in understanding carbohydrate requirements and utilization in dairy cattle. The chapter begins by first describing the importance of feed analysis, focusing specifically on fiber analysis. It then moves on to discuss detergent fibers, which is then followed by an ana...
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Legal issues of implementing agricultural soil organic carbon sequestration as negative emission technology
Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils is emerging as a promising way to combat climate change by contributing to the removal of carbon dioxide from the earth's atmosphere. To this end, it can be considered as one of the negative emission technologies. The transition to the concrete implement...
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Maintaining soil health in dryland areas
Drylands cover 40% of the global terrestrial space and are home for 2 billion people, often the most vulnerable. Land use is dominated by rangelands and much less by croplands, while barren areas with sparse vegetation mixed with rock outcrops are widespread. In spite of their hostile nature, dry...
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Developing decision support systems for optimizing livestock diets in farms
Provision of safe and affordable food is in increasing demand. Society is also concerned about animal welfare and environmental problems caused by livestock. Balancing these conflicting objectives is a challenge, which requires multidisciplinary research to overcome. This chapter reviews the evol...
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Precision crop protection systems
The spatial distribution of plant pests within crops is often heterogeneous, at least during some growth periods. Within-field heterogeneity implies that plants at some sites may need pest control while plants at other sites do not. Automated detection, identification and quantification of diseas...
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The role of habitat conservation and restoration in protecting pollinators in agricultural landscapes
This chapter focuses on challenges and options in habitat restoration for solitary bees which account for 90% of bee species. As well as being important parts of local ecosystems, these species are pollinators of a wide range of crops such as alfalfa, tomato, eggplant and blueberries, cucurbit cr...
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Disseminating improved coffee varieties for sustainable production
Although coffee is one of the most valuable agricultural commodities of the world, it is an orphan crop in relation to investment in plant breeding. An efficient system to develop, introduce and propagate improved coffee varieties is required to place productive, attractive and affordable plants ...
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Advances in understanding the nutraceutical properties of antioxidants in fruits and vegetables
Fruits and vegetables are considered an excellent source of antioxidants as they contain a considerable amount of biologically active compounds that transmit health benefits that surpass basic nutrition. Common dietary antioxidants which are found in fruits and vegetables include polyphenols, glu...
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Instant insights: crop biofortification
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on crop biofortification in agriculture.
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Linking genotype to phenotype: improving functional annotation in dairy cattle breeding
Functional annotation describes known or predicted roles of a DNA variant or DNA sequence’s molecular function on the expression of a trait phenotype. Since whole-genome sequencing became economical, software was developed to filter variants based on these annotations. Functional annotation has h...
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Production of biodiesel from renewable sources
There is increasing interest in the production of biodiesel from non-edible oil sources such as waste or recycled oil and animal fats. Transesterification is the most commonly used method to convert triglycerides (TG) from different types of lipids. After reviewing the range of available feedstoc...
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Integrated wheat disease management
Wheat is one the most economically important crops in the world. Diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes can significantly reduce wheat yields. All parts of the wheat plant can be affected by diseases. Integrated disease management (IDM) combines two or more tactics to prevent o...
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Rapid response to disease outbreaks in maize cultivation: the case of maize lethal necrosis
Emerging plant diseases (EPDs) can cause significant losses of revenue due to decreased production and the high costs of controlling epidemics. Effective control of EPDs relies on rapid detection, accurate diagnosis, timely deployment of preventive responses and containment to prevent geographic ...
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Advances in understanding plant root response to weedy root parasites
This chapter addresses advances in understanding plant root responses to weedy root parasites. It begins by reviewing host-parasitic weed interactions, focusing specifically on seed dispersal and germination and the possibility of host infection as a consequence of germination. The chapter then m...
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Instant insights: bone health in poultry
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on bone health in poultry.
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Cassava for industrial uses
Cassava serves not only as a staple food for mankind but also as an industrial crop for food and non-food applications. The roots with high starch contents are processed to dried chips and extracted pure starch. The production scale varies from household level, small and medium-sized enterprises ...
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Improving plant propagation methods for fruit disease control
The movement of plant propagation material across countries and continents allows for the exchange of high-quality planting material providing producers with superior germplasm, and enhancing farm sustainability and profits. However, this practice has hidden dangers, including the potential of mo...
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Nutrition and soil management in banana cultivation
There is significant variation in banana production systems across the world, particularly at the level of soil management. However, research on plant nutrition and soil management in relation to bananas has been limited for a number of reasons: bananas are unusual in their physiology and managem...
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Key challenges in breeding durable disease-resistant cereals: north america
This chapter first describes the challenges of diverse climates, diseases, and market classes that face North American small-grain cereal breeders and producers. It discusses the challenges inherent in the complex systems of cereal breeding on the continent, and the changing resistance priorities...
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Advances in understanding vegetable physiology: root systems as the next frontier in improving sustainable vegetable production
Root systems are responsible for the uptake of water and nutrients needed to support crop growth and development, ameliorate the effects of other stressors and increase vegetable production. Roots are crucial for maintaining plant water status and meeting shoot transpirational demands as the leav...
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Developing more integrated approaches in models assessing the impact of climate change on agriculture
Climate change impacts on agriculture will interact with those arising from socio-economic changes in complex ways. Understanding the consequences for agriculture requires an integrated (or holistic) modelling framework. Four key challenges in regional integrated modelling of agricultural systems...
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Advances in pre-harvest management of avocado
This chapter reviews the pre-harvest management of avocados, fruit losses and their causes and control, with a special emphasis on fruit quality. It highlights key production techniques required for sustainable cultivation of the crop. It discusses existing information on the floral biology, the ...
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Cocoa sustainability initiatives: the impacts of cocoa sustainability initiatives in west africa
Sustainability initiatives, including associations, platforms and networks, voluntary sustainability standards, corporate and non-governmental and civil society initiatives, have all been developed as solutions to the multiple, long-running challenges facing cocoa growers and producers. Largely i...
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Advances in the use of robots in field crop cultivation
This chapter reviews the use of robots in field crop cultivation. The chapter begins by providing an overview of current requirements for robots involved in field cultivation, then goes on to describe enabling technologies for in-field robots. The chapter also provides several examples of in fiel...
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Advances in cultivation of coconut
The coconut palm, source of staple human nourishment in the coastal tropics, produced the first vegetable oil traded in a significant volume between the tropical and temperate worlds, beginning in the mid 19th century. New processing methods have led to coconut oil and water becoming much more va...
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The need for conservation agriculture
The chapter describes the root causes of the degrading nature of the dominant conventional tillage agriculture. It argues that the paradigm of conventional tillage agriculture is ecologically unsustainable and not fit for purpose, at any level of development, to meet present and future societal n...
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Diseases affecting pigs: an overview of common bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens of pigs
Recent events such as the 2009 pandemic influenza outbreak, the continuous spread of African swine fever virus in Eastern Europe and the introduction of several new pathogens into the United States and their spread to Canada, Mexico, Central and South America have emphasized the ability of pig di...
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Optimizing forest management for soil carbon sequestration
This chapter summarizes the effects of different forest management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and discusses whether and how they can be optimized under climate change. Afforestation and reforestation of C depleted arable soils typically increase SOC stocks, but on C-rich soils...
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Developing improved varieties of pigeonpea
Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is a high protein pulse crop which grows well under biotic and abiotic stress situations. It could play a significant role in meeting the challenges of food security in the tropics and sub-tropics, under the looming threat of drought, warm climate, and risin...
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Making banana breeding more effective
There is a need for more diverse bananas with far more diverse genetic backgrounds which meet specific objectives such as fresh fruit, cooking bananas or varieties dedicated to processing. This chapter shows how diversification objectives can be achieved by taking into account sexual reproductive...
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Advances in bulk storage of cereals and grains
This chapter reviews key research and best practice on the design and construction of silos, horizontal building structures and on-the-ground piles as methods of bulk grain storage. The chapter also discusses the range of preventative strategies for preserving grain quality (such as sealing and a...
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Maintaining sheep flock health: an overview
Improving the efficiency of livestock production is a fundamental challenge facing humanity, and maintaining the health of livestock is key to ensuring this. Systems for farming small ruminants such as sheep must meet the global need for food security while being economically, environmentally and...
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The role of drought-induced proteins in regulating drought tolerance in cereals
Cereals provide a majority of caloric intake of the human population on earth. Projected population growth will require future increases in global grain production in the coming decades. However, many studies have demonstrated that increasing global warming trends will lead to hotter and drier cl...
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Identifying and exploiting photosynthetic genes in improving drought resistance in cereals
This chapter reviews the photosynthetic response of plants to drought stress. It first describes the indicators for photosynthetic traits, then goes on to discuss the different factors that can affect photosynthetic efficiency. The chapter also considers how drought stress can affect photosynthet...
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Improving wheat cultivation in asia
It has been estimated that wheat production in South Asia needs to grow at the rate of 2-2.5% annually until the middle of 21st century to feed its population. This chapter reviews some of the key issues which must be addressed in order to improve wheat cultivation in Asia. We begin by considerin...
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Advances in dairy cattle breeding to incorporate feed conversion efficiency in national genetic evaluations
Genomic selection is often cited as being particularly effective for difficult to measure and/or expensive traits since recording can be specifically organised in nucleus herds and the benefits of that recording can be distributed to others through genomic breeding values on genotyped animals tha...
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Gender dimensions of agricultural ethics
Agriculture is one of the oldest and most transformative of human activities, performed in social contexts. Due to the complexity of social structures, the lived experiences of farmers are deeply influenced by gendered conventions. The world is dependent on women’s work but there is a legacy of t...
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Minimising the development of antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms: appropriate use of antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis
Mastitis is the most prevalent bacterial disease among dairy cows, and the majority of antimicrobials given to dairy cows are for the prevention or treatment of this disease. Thus, a thorough understanding of mastitis is necessary when considering the appropriate use of antibiotics. After reviewi...
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Developing and implementing plans to conserve insect biodiversity in agricultural landscapes
Insects are abundant and mobile biotic organisms that perform essential functions beneficial to humans. While insects are a vital component to agricultural landscapes, the agricultural systems that require their inputs create stressors to populations through farming practices affecting habitat re...
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Advances in pest and disease management in greenhouse cultivation
Greenhouse crops are continuously under pressure of infestations by a wide range of pests and diseases. This chapter describes the myriad practices that can contribute to managing pests and diseases, and how to integrate these practices in an ecologically based integrated pest management (IPM) ap...
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Integrated pest management (ipm) in vegetables: examples of successful deployment
Vegetable producers around the world are confronted with the daunting task of managing ever-evolving pests and pathogens with a limited number of effective chemical management tools. This chapter examines examples of successful deployment of integrated pest management (IPM) in vegetable cultivati...
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Advances in understanding plant root hairs in relation to nutrient acquisition and crop root function
Root hairs are found on most terrestrial flowering plant species. They form from epidermal cells at a predetermined distance behind the growing root tip in three main patterns. Their presence, pattern, length, density and function are genetically controlled and numerous genes are expressed solely...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of sorghum volume 2
Volume 2 in this sequence summarises key research on the wide range of uses of sorghum as food, animal feed and for biofuel. It also assesses the challenges of growing sorghum in different parts of the world and how these are being addressed.
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Lime breeding: a way forward
Limes are a genetically diversified group of citrus including acid limes, sweet limes, Australian limes, other limes, lime hybrids and Rangpur lime, however, only Mexican lime and Tahiti lime are currently being widely cultivated. This chapter describes the origin and domestication of important l...
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Optimizing the health of broilers
This chapter will present the critical infectious disease challenges faced in the top five broiler-producing countries. The current and future strategies to control these diseases will be discussed. These strategies include biosecurity, vaccination, surveillance, diagnostics, environmental manage...
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Progress in understanding fungal diseases affecting sugarcane: rusts
Rust fungi (Uredinales or Pucciniales) are a globally distributed order of obligate parasitic fungi occurring on vascular plants. The typical symptom is a ‘rust-coloured’ (often orange or yellow) pustule on a plant leaf. Economically, rust fungi cause enormous crop losses, including in sugarcane....
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Economically important insect pests of maize
Maize yields in most sub-Saharan African countries remain low, at 0.5 to 1.0 ton/ha. While some of this yield disparity can be attributed to the use of open-pollinated varieties (OPVs), much of the yield reduction is a result of numerous economically damaging insect pests. This chapter describes ...
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Developments in feed technology to improve poultry nutrition
Systematic evaluation of each stage of the feed manufacturing has the potential to identify opportunities for improvement in manufacturing efficiency and reduced nutrient variation in finished feed, ultimately resulting in lower cost sustainable poultry production. This chapter examines the role ...
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Optimizing post-harvest practices in coffee cultivation
The objective of this chapter is to describe how coffee is processed, from picking coffee cherries to green coffee ready to be exported or roasted, and how to optimize each step in the processing chain.
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Managing the poultry hatcher environment
This chapter will discuss these two aspects of the hatching phase. First, the hatcher phase will be described from an embryonic point of view, focusing on the developmental and physiological changes during the final days of the incubation process. Second, the hatcher phase will be described from ...
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Assessing alternative fiber sources from by-products
Feeding plant-based by-products to dairy cattle has become so commonplace for some of the ingredients that they are no longer thought of as secondary products from food processing. These feed ingredients allow for more economical approaches for meeting the nutritional needs of dairy cattle and co...
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Crop and cropping systems management practices and benefits in conservation agriculture systems
Conservation Agriculture (CA) offers a pragmatic option for improving soil health, crop productivity and resilience, generating biomass, increasing factor productivity and total output, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Most crops, including cereal, legume, oilseed, fibre and vegetable crops...
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Safe dissemination of germplasm resources of banana
The relentless increase in human populations and the increasing consumption of bananas as a dessert fruit and as staple food source in many tropical countries, coupled with increasing production pressures due to climate change, have increased the demand for the evaluation and exploitation of new ...
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Decision support systems (dss) for better fertiliser management
This chapter reviews some of the approaches used by DSS to determine fertiliser application decisions. The chapter highlights direct methods and indirect techniques: simulation models, yield forecasts using data-driven approaches and yield forecasts based on water supply. The chapter includes two...
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Diseases affecting coffee: an overview
Among the various diseases of coffee, leaf rust, black rot, anthracnose, root diseases and nursery diseases are of particular importance, causing considerable damage every year in most coffee regions. Control measures are based on integrated disease management (IDM) techniques which include growi...
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Advances in insect pest management in postharvest storage of cereals: detection and monitoring
Sampling grain for stored grain insects is expensive in time and resources. Stored-product insects which damage the grain are small, cryptic and often difficult to find. Many of the sampling methods are unreliable and prone to false negatives. There are two broad types of estimates of population ...
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Sheep nutrition: formulated diets
The primary feeds for sheep are renewable and contain high concentrations of components that are not suitable for human consumption, making sheep farming sustainable. In some economies, maize, barley, sorghum, wheat, soya beans, rapeseed and their by-products are inexpensive enough to be fed stra...
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Developments in genomic predictions in dairy cattle breeding: a historical overview of methods, technologies, and applications
Selection and breeding decisions have traditionally been made based on phenotypic measurements and pedigree information of selection candidates or close relatives. However, the recent availability of genomic information on a large number of markers has transformed modern dairy cattle breeding aro...
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Muscle fibre types and beef quality
The quality of bovine meat is related to the composition of the source muscles. Bovine skeletal muscle is mainly composed of three types of muscle fibres that are found in varying proportions in different muscles. The proportion of these different fibre types varies with biological and environmen...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of tomatoes
This book reviews key developments in tomato breeding, including developing improved varieties with desirable traits such as drought or pest resistance. It also discusses ways of improving cultivation techniques as well as pests, diseases and their control.
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Sustainable management of african dry forests
Dry forests constitute the bulk of the African tropical forests. They support a wealth of human, animal and plant life. They are important to climate change mitigation and adaptation, and support virtually all sectors of economies. This chapter discusses the characteristics and distribution of dr...
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Advances in understanding flowering and pollination in apple trees
Fruit production of apples is a two-year process, beginning with the transition of a bud from vegetative to a floral state during the summer. The bud differentiates, overwinters and emerges as a flower the following spring. Flowers are then pollinated, fertilized and the fruit grows first by cell...
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Achieving sustainable production of eggs volume 2
Welfare and sustainability are now major issues in egg production. This book reviews nutrition and other aspects of husbandry affecting laying hens as well as the environmental impact of egg production and how it can be made more sustainable.
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Advances in genetic modification of cassava
Until recently, hybridization was used to breed new varieties of the common tropical and subtropical crop cassava, but changes in global climate, food security and industrialization have accelerated the breeding of new cassava varieties with increased nutrition, high stress resistance and starch ...
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Techniques for identifying new animal feed ingredients and additives
The identification of potential novel feed ingredients requires quick and effective analytical techniques to assess their composition and functionality. This chapter provides a practical guide to routine and standard methods to detect the main traits of interest in animal feed ingredients and add...
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The role of synbiotics in optimizing gut function in poultry
The impending ban on antibiotics in animal feed due to the current concern over the spread of antibiotic resistance genes makes the development of alternative prophylactics imperative. This chapter presents some of the alternatives currently used in food-producing animals to influence their healt...
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Instant insights: agroforestry practices
This book provides a detailed overview of the implementation of agroforestry practices to improve the sustainability of agriculture.
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Advances in understanding protein requirements and utilization in dairy cattle
Advancements are discussed for predicting and optimizing microbial protein as a function of rumen-degraded carbohydrates and correcting for amino acids (AA) in true protein. Intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegraded protein (RUP) is being evaluated primarily using in vitro approaches in field ...
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Challenges and prospects for fungicidal control of wheat diseases
As one of the world’s ‘big three’ cereal crops, wheat has a highly significant role to play in global food security, and therefore the prevention and management of diseases affecting wheat is of paramount importance. In this chapter, we consider the current status of global wheat production, the ...
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Narratives on the sustainable development goals (sdgs) and tropical forests
The purpose of this chapter is to explore the relevance of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for tropical forests by identifying and assessing the three main narratives that characterize debate about the SDGs and forests. The chapter introduces each of these narratives, followed by a ...
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Instant insights: advances in fertilisers and fertiliser technology
This book provides a detailed overview of the history, current status and future needs of fertiliser developments in an era where sustainability is of paramount importance. Chapters also review recent advances in the use of fertiliser technologies, such as crop sprayers.
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Modelling the impact of climate change on agriculture in europe
The agricultural land represents the most important form of land use, accounting for almost 48% of the European land area. Europe- Despite its relatively small share of global agriculture land total area (9.8%), has been one of the world’s largest and most productive suppliers of food and fibre. ...
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Insect pest and disease management practices and benefits in conservation agriculture systems: a case of push–pull practice
This chapter reviews the dissemination, adoption and benefits of the push-pull cropping system in Conservation Agriculture (CA), an innovation that was developed and promoted by the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) and partners with a view to addressing some of the bi...
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Dietary factors affecting the composition of cow’s milk
The ability to change milk composition via cow diet can lead to increases in the yield and functional properties of dairy products. Inducing such changes via diet can lead to more rapid and reversible changes to milk composition than other contributing factors . However, some components are more ...
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Optimising urban forestry: the food connection
Urban forestry, defined as the planning and management of trees and associated vegetation in urban areas, has become well established across the globe. Its many contributions to resilient, sustainable and attractive cities have become well documented. This chapter focusses on urban forestry’s con...
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Assessing poultry semen quality
This overview briefly examines some of the semen evaluation techniques and fertility determination procedures used currently on breeder farms. The later procedures were included as both provide rapid feedback on flock fertility, the best indicator of semen quality. To better understand both the r...
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Good agricultural practices for maize cultivation: the case of west africa
Maize is the most important staple food crop for over 300 million people in sub-Saharan Africa but poor management practices and problems related to climate and soil quality mean that yields regularly fall below what is needed to feed the population. This chapter describes the effect of poor soil...
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Biotic sources of seed losses influencing germination and emergence success in crop plants and agricultural weeds
Yield loss of crop plants to pests, pathogens, and competitors has remained largely undiminished over the last 50 years, representing a significant cost to farmers and a continuing threat to food security. We review the contribution of pathogens and predators to seed losses, distinguishing events...
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Recent molecular technologies for tackling wheat diseases
There is a growing need to improve the management of wheat diseases if wheat production is to keep pace with a growing population. This chapter reviews the array of technologies and new methods available to improve resistance to wheat diseases. These techniques include SAR, ISR, the application o...
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Breeding improved varieties of cowpea
Cowpea is an important source of nutritious food and fodder and it is grown as an integral component of various cropping systems in the semi-arid tropics and sub-tropics covering over 65 countries. This chapter describes existing cowpea programs and past challenges, with a particular focus on cow...
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Sustainable management of tropical plantation forests
Global forest plantation areas increased from 17.8 million hectares in 1980 to 278.0 million hectares in 2015, an increase of about 1,462.0% within 35 years. The tropical region recorded the highest increase of 8.17% between 2010 and 2015. Forest plantations contribute significantly in meeting th...
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Instant insights: soil erosion
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on soil erosion in agriculture.
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Spray technologies in precision agriculture
The application of plant protection products plays a key role in the production of most crops. This chapter examines equipment designed to operate with field crops; however, many of the principles discussed will relate to other application systems. The chapter describes features of field crop spr...
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Integrated crop-livestock systems with agroforestry to improve organic animal farming
The International Federation of Organic Movements (IFOAM) has established four fundamental principles which underpin organic farming. One way of achieving these principles is the use of integrated crop-livestock systems, which is very common for well-balanced organic systems with animals. This ch...
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Advances in understanding cognition and learning in cattle
Understanding the cognitive capacities of cattle is central when designing husbandry environments and developing handling regimes. This chapter outlines the current knowledge on cattle learning and cognition, with special emphasis on their socio-cognitive capacities. Cattle easily learn features ...
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Householder food waste prevention campaigns: contributions from psychology and marketing
The significant challenges raised by the habitual, low involvement behaviours that surround food management in the home make it hard for campaigns to achieve behaviour change. This chapter focuses on food waste in households and how marketing and psychology can help in its reduction. The Trans-th...
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The role of probiotics in optimizing gut function in poultry
The spread of antibiotic resistance genes has created public concerns leading to new laws that restrict the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in domestic and meat-producing animals in several countries around the world. In this chapter, the safety and efficacy of individual monocultures for ...
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