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Optimising the use of barley as an animal feed
Barley is a highly significant feed grain, especially in colder regions where other feed grain crops such as wheat, sorghum and corn cannot easily grow. It is used to feed ruminant and non-ruminant species. Despite 80% of the worlds barley being used as feed, most of the emphasis on breeding an...
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New developments in packaging of eggs to improve safety and quality
The correct choice of the packaging system is a key factor for maintaining high-quality characteristics of eggs during storage. In this chapter, the fundamental aspects of shell egg packaging are reviewed. In particular, a possible explanation of critical issues will be discussed to offer an inno...
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Assessing the impact of environmental factors on the quality of greenhouse produce
In recent years, product quality has become more and more important, due to consumer concerns paired with well-being and a healthy lifestyle. Product quality is a complex, multidimensional and multi-factorial issue that relates to different factors. In this chapter, the objective, measurable and ...
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Integrated soil health management: a framework for soil conservation and regeneration
Soil function is an interplay of physical, chemical and biological processes, and soil microbes play a direct role in driving soil chemical and physical processes important for overall ecosystem function. This chapter highlights some of the known impacts of management strategies on soil health, c...
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Advances in understanding and presenting contamination of fresh produce by listeria monocytogenes
Due to changes in lifestyle and the increasing awareness of a healthy diet, consumers’ demand for fresh produce during the last few decades has increased rapidly, bringing along new challenges to the produce industry, including food safety issues. The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is ...
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Sorghum breeding for abiotic stress tolerance
Sorghum is a major global crop for food, feed and biofuel. Globally, domesticated sorghum is often grown on marginal lands and in environments exposing the plant to temperature extremes and water deficits. Although sorghum exhibits better abiotic stress tolerances than many crops, significant sor...
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Developing cultured meat as a food product
This chapter examines developing cultured meat as a food product. It first focuses on the importance of meat structure when considering the development of cultured meat products, which is then followed by an analysis of appearance and consumer attitudes. The chapter also reviews the importance of...
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Emerging technologies to develop new forest products
Forest trees occupy a central place among lignocellulosic plants, in terms of both abundance of wood they produce each year and also generating a variety of other biological tissues. This chapter focusses on new processes and new applications of wood polymers, notably uses of lignins. The chapter...
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Genetic diversity in dairy cattle: variation within and between breeds
This chapter focuses on genetic diversity in dairy cattle, meaning that it examines those domesticated cattle breeds selected for milk production. The chapter presents the relevant definitions and discusses the role of natural and artificial selection in the creation of breeds and genetic diversi...
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Insect pests affecting coffee: understanding agroecosystems and alternative methods of control
This chapter reviews some of the most important insect pests affecting coffee plantations worldwide. In each case the chapter discusses the damage they cause, insect biology and ecology, and how this understanding can be used to develop alternative more environmentally-friendly and sustainable me...
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Apple replant disease: causes and management
Apple replant disease (ARD) is an important factor that restricts the sustainable development of the apple industry worldwide. There are many complex pathogenic factors that may cause ARD, and as a result ARD is difficult to manage in the absence of broad-spectrum soil fumigants with limited virg...
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Instant insights: nutritional benefits of milk
This collection highlights the important contribution of milk and other dairy products to the diets of millions around the world. Chapters discuss key nutritional properties of milk, including lactose, caseins and glycoproteins and the ways in which consumption supports human health and growth.
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Climate change and tropical forests
Climate change is a major global challenge. In recent decades, tropical forests have contributed to greenhouse gas emissions due to deforestation and forest degradation, but intact and recovering forests are taking up carbon and the contribution of tropical forests to the global carbon cycle is c...
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Plant genetic resources
This collection addresses the challenges of maintaining and benefitting from plant genetic diversity. Part 1 assesses ways of valuing and monitoring plant genetic diversity. Part 2 discusses advances in in-situ and ex-situ strategies for conserving plant genetic diversity. The final section revie...
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The role of enrichment in optimizing pig behaviour and welfare
Modern pig housing environments provide animals with essential resources, but from an animal’s point of view, they are quite barren and deprive them of the opportunity to make full use of their natural behavioural repertoire and actively work for these resources. The lack of stimulation resulting...
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Advances in conventional breeding techniques for ornamentals
Sustainability in the floricultural value chain comprises a multitude of aspects, such as the economical use of resources, mainly energy, water, nutrients, and substrate ingredients such as peat, as well as the avoidance of environmental pollution by plastic wastes, fertilizers and pesticides. Se...
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Escherichia coli in poultry meat
Escherichia coli is a common gastrointestinal bacteria that has a vast genetic, physiologic, and biochemical diversity in E. coli, which allows this organism to thrive in many environments. But E. coli contains several pathogenic groups (e.g., pathotypes) which can cause disease and morbidity in ...
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Towards improving the salt tolerance of soybean
The growth and production of soybean, an important cash crop, are severely restricted by salt stress. Salt-tolerant soybean varieties can contribute to sustainable soybean production. This chapter describes different approaches to developing salt tolerance in soybean, including a study of germpla...
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Advances in agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles: focus on sensing applications
In the current chapter, we aim to present an overview of the advantages and limitations of UAV-RS platforms and their applications in PA. To properly review these applications, we formulated the following questions: What are the available UAV sensors for PA applications? How should one select the...
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Advances in understanding gut function and immunity in pigs
The gut tissues are important for feed intake and at the same time provide a niche for the microbiota. As a consequence, the gut is exposed to a vast variety of foreign antigens and has evolved a cellular network to ensure gut homeostasis. Maintaining this balance is important for optimal growth ...
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Advances in understanding of sugarcane plant growth and physiology
Crop yield in sugarcane is the result of how well the source leaves can supply the assimilates needed for the growth and filling of the harvestable plant. This is the source–sink relationship, which in sugarcane is still poorly understood. This chapter discusses the significant advances made in t...
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Advances in production and formulation of commercial microbial bioprotectant products
This chapter reviews the recent commercialization of microbial bioprotectant products containing bacteria, fungi, yeast and bacteriophages for the control of plant diseases. The chapter also summarizes recent development activities of new bioprotectant products based on microorganisms or their me...
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Ageing, physical and chemical methods for improving tenderness and palatability of beef
The biochemical understanding of tenderization has helped in the design of more targeted approaches to improve beef tenderness through the utilization of specific enzymes. There has also been development of technologies such as SmartStretch™ and the Pi-Vac Elasto-Pack System®, which offer industr...
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Sorghum diseases and their management in cultivation: seedling, seed, panicle and foliar diseases
As sorghum continues to grow in significance in large parts of the world, attention is given to the many different types of disease that can affect this crop, and how they might be successfully avoided or managed. All physical structures and tissues of the sorghum plant may become diseased with o...
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The role of perches in chicken welfare
This chapter reviews the current knowledge on perching behaviour of chickens. During nighttime, chickens are highly motivated for elevated resting. During daytime chickens often perform vulnerable behaviours on elevated structures. Access to elevated structures can reduce fearfulness in chickens ...
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Yield gap analysis towards meeting future rice demand
Rice provides 20% of the world’s food energy, and increased rice production owing to growing demand needs to be derived mainly from existing agricultural land. This requires reducing the ‘yield gap’, which is defined as the difference between potential yield and average on-farm yield obtained by ...
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Sustainable arthropod management for apples
Management of apple pests is a necessary and challenging part of crop production. Cosmetic and phytosanitary standards entail management of key pests to very low levels which are biologically difficult to sustain. This chapter begins by covering key pests. Such pests drive integrated pest manag...
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Planting and cultivation of tea
Originating in natural forests characterized by warm and humid environmental conditions and nutrient-rich soils, tea’s growth and yield largely depend on climatic and soil factors of the land. Frequent removal of photosynthetically active tea shoots (harvesting) and periodic removal of leaf-beari...
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Advances in proximal sensors to detect crop health status in horticultural crops
Advances in proximal sensing for targeted application of bioprotectants and biopesticides are crucial for more sustainable horticultural crop disease management. These technologies can help to identify spatial/temporal patterns of disease and provide data for forecasting models. They rely on opto...
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Pesticide use and biodiversity in soils
Pesticides are applied to agricultural systems in high quantities relative to other synthetic compounds and therefore have considerable effects on soil microbial communities and their functions. Although pesticides undergo considerable evaluation for efficacy in controlling target pests in agroec...
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Modelling climate change impacts on agricultural systems
This collection summarises the wealth of research on ways to improve models predicting the impact of climate change on agricultural systems, as well as their application to understanding impacts in particular regions.
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Monitoring and minimizing health risks related to pesticides
Pesticide poisoning is a cause of many human deaths, either via deliberate self-poisoning or via occupational exposure. This chapter looks at monitoring exposure to pesticides and how to minimize human health risks related to their use/exposure. Following an introduction, a section on data-collec...
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Instant insights: feather-pecking in poultry
This collection features three peer-reviewed literature reviews on feather-pecking in poultry.
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Water management for rainfed smallholder farming
This chapter aims to show how small-scale farmers can use water more efficiently, productively and sustainably in rainfed production. We will first discuss general aspects of how water use in crop and livestock production may be improved – measures that are important and useful in both rainfed as...
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Management of diseases on banana fruit in the field
This chapter outlines the management of bacterial and fungal diseases on banana fruit from a practical and real-life banana farmers perspective and can be used as a guide to identifying diseases occurring on banana fruit. Different options for control and prevention are outlined and discussed fro...
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Optimising the health of finisher pigs
The growing and finishing phase is often seen as the simplest part of the pig production cycle in commercial farms. The target is to have the pigs ready for slaughter at the expected weight and age with the minimum variability on weights and avoiding production tails. This is probably easier said...
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Developing decision-support systems for crop rotations
Crop rotations have formed a fundamental component of agricultural systems for millennia. Improved decision support systems for crop rotations hold great potential for improving soils and agricultural sustainability. New opportunities exist to gather and collect on farm data at unprecedented tem...
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Advances in conservation agriculture volume 2
Volume 2 reviews research on optimising Conservation Agricultural (CA) practices and their benefits. Chapters cover soil management, crop nutrition and irrigation, pest and disease management, as well as broader issues such as managing carbon, biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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Maximizing the efficiency of ribulose bisphosphate (rubp) regeneration to optimize photosynthesis in crops
Photosynthesis provides the carbon and energy for crop growth and many investigators are working to improve photosynthesis in the expectation that that will improve crop growth. There are many component processes to photosynthesis. One grouping of processes can be used to predict responses to the...
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Key issues in the regulation of microbial bioprotectants in the european union: challenges and solutions to achieve more sustainable crop protection
Microbial bioprotectants, like chemical pesticides, are required to pass a risk assessment and risk management procedure prior to use in plant protection, which in many countries is an obstacle for market access, in particular, the European Union. Administrative issues and data requirements, adap...
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Whole-farm system models in practice: diverse applications
The challenges of contemporary agriculture are causing farmers to seek models of whole-farm goals, which requires mathematically-based modeling grounded in the latest scientific understanding of animal growth and reproduction, crop physiology, soil and environmental sciences, as well as economics...
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Instant insights: zero/no-till cultivation
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the implementation of zero/no-till cultivation practices across agriculture and the consequent effects on soil health, productivity and other soil functions.
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Advances in understanding invasive characteristics in weed species
Genetic modifications are a well-known mechanism for understanding the evolution of weeds and invasive alien plants. Recently more attention has been given to epigenetic modifications in weed ecological genetics since epigenetic modifications can govern the ecological-adaptive potential of weed s...
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The economics of apple production
Economic prosperity is essential to guarantee sustainability, and this chapter provides a cost analysis of apple production worldwide, including classification of production cost studies, an exploration of different cost study approaches and categories included in cost-of-production studies. The ...
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Egg washing to ensure product safety
The structure of eggs poses specific problems for washing, especially in large commercial operations. However, washing is a valuable process, both to make eggs look clean and to reduce the bacterial load on the shell. This chapter reviews those properties of eggs that are relevant to the washing ...
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The impact of improving feed efficiency on the environmental impact of livestock production
This chapter examines the impact of improving feed efficiency on the environmental impact of livestock production. It starts by discussing the relation between greenhouse gases and dairy production, highlighting how important it is to the dairy sector to find ways of decreasing greenhouse gas out...
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Transportation and the welfare of poultry
A variety of factors before and during transport of poultry affect their welfare, with impacts ranging from slight discomfort to death. This chapter begins by considering the pre-loading factors which can eventually affect the birds’ welfare during transportation, and then reviews the physiologic...
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Advances in the use of bt genes in insect-resistant crops
Insecticidal toxins derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been widely used as microbial pesticides to selectively control juveniles of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and soil-dwelling nematodes. Synthetic genes derived from different strains of Bt have been used to pr...
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Seed dormancy and germination: a critical update
Seeds are the prime source of food in the world, not only from a nutritional point of view but also as the basis of crop production. A key requirement for farmers is vigorous and fast-germinating seed to guarantee a uniform crop of high yield. This is quite opposite to the natural behaviour of se...
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Measuring and improving the environmental performance of organic farming
There is a large and growing body of literature comparing the environmental performance of organic and conventional farming in specific settings, either on farm or product level. However, how one assesses ‘environmental performance’ is a complex and multifaceted question, and one-dimensional indi...
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Rice insect pests and their management
This book uses the unique expertise of leading rice entomologists from Africa, Asia and the Americas to provide the first global coverage of rice insect pests. The groups of insects discussed are : Root and stem feeders, Stem borers, Rice gall midges, Leafhoppers and planthoppers, Foliage feeders...
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Rainwater and floodwater harvesting for crop irrigation
Rainwater and floodwater harvesting are environmentally-friendly ways to utilize rainwater and surface runoff for irrigation, water storage and groundwater recharge. Water harvesting (WH) can also reduce flooding and soil erosion risk and can diminish impacts of climate change. This chapter discu...
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Understanding and improving the shelf life of tomatoes
The shelf life of tomatoes is regulated via a myriad of physiological, biochemical and environmental processes. Tomato, a climacteric fruit, undergoes increases in respiration and ethylene production at the onset of ripening; once the ripening process is initiated it cannot be reversed. Ripening ...
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Chemical composition of soils: role in soil health
Integrated nutrient management systems that use a holistic approach, using inorganic fertilizers as well as management practices aimed to increase soil organic matter, are needed to improve soil health. Management practices need to take into account differences in soil properties, climate and ava...
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Dairy cattle welfare and health: an intimate partnership
This chapter discusses the intimate partnership between dairy cattle welfare and health. It begins by examining the welfare implications of common dairy cow diseases such as lameness, mastitis, metritis, acidosis, ketosis and other production-related diseases. It also addresses the impact of subc...
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Managing soil health for grassland
Soil health is a holistic concept that includes all the processes affecting the ability of soil to provide the ecosystem services we require from grassland. The primary ‘service’ provided by grassland is forage for livestock, but additional secondary ‘services’ can include benefits such as enviro...
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Minimizing the environmental impact of poultry production through improved feed formulation
Every year, millions of broilers, turkeys and laying hens are raised to supply eggs and meat to an increasing number of consumers. Along with the growth of the commercial poultry industry, waste generated in live production operations and processing plants has become an important environmental co...
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Ensuring the health and welfare of dairy calves and heifers
Pre-weaning morbidity and mortality rates in dairy calves remain a challenge for dairy producers worldwide. Health challenges, along with housing and management, all have an impact on calf productivity and welfare. This chapter will review strategies for managing calving, improving calf vitality,...
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The use of gene editing techniques in dairy cattle breeding
As the global population increases and incomes rise, global demand for dairy products is predicted to grow rapidly. The dairy industry will need to produce more product with fewer resources in the face of an ever-changing climate. Gene editing could complement existing technologies to increase pr...
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Recent developments in multi-trait selection in dairy cattle breeding
Selection indexes, and their underlying breeding objectives, are widely used in dairy cattle breeding, and indexes tend to play an important role in selection decisions made by commercial farmers in many of the more advanced dairy industries within well developed economies. This chapter describes...
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Enhancing naturalness and human care in organic animal farming
Organic farming aims to produce food in a way that respects the environment, the people and the animals involved. These aims are covered by the principles of Health, Ecology, Fairness and Care. Naturalness and human care are integral components of welfare for farm animals that are managed under o...
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Advances in postharvest management of horticultural produce
Postharvest losses remain a serious problem in the fresh produce sector. This collection reviews advances in preservation and disinfection, monitoring and management techniques to optimise safety and quality of fresh fruit and vegetables.
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Controversies surrounding the impact of the fat content of beef on human health
Whether ‘red’ or ‘processed meat’ intake is related to adverse health outcomes in the US population and other developed countries is an often-debated concept. Beef frequently is a focus of such discussions because of its contribution to saturated fat in the diet. This chapter examines the evide...
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Improved energy and water management to minimize the environmental impact of dairy farming
As demand for animal products such as milk increases, the livestock sector places increasing demands on already scarce resources such as land, water and fossil fuels, while also contributing to environmental problems such as climate change. In this chapter, we consider how dairy farms can manage ...
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Understanding the genetics of poultry muscle development
Poultry meat is one of the most consumed animal proteins by humans. Understanding genetic regulation of poultry skeletal muscle development is essential in improving poultry meat quality and production. This chapter summarizes current knowledge of the development of skeletal muscle in poultry. Th...
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Natural capital and biodiversity accounting in the dairy industry: the case of valio group
This chapter addresses the enhancement of and reporting on natural capital and biodiversity within the dairy industry as part of one company's broader sustainable development strategy. The chapter focuses on the dairy industry, as it is heavily dependent on natural and animal resources and also u...
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Microbial bioprotectants and the marketplace
This chapter focuses on microbial bioprotectants and the marketplace. The chapter begins by first discussing the latest figure in terms of microbial bioprotectants global market value. It also highlights the different types and ways these bioprotectants can be used. The chapter also discusses the...
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Optimizing urban beekeeping
Beekeeping, or apiculture, is an agricultural pursuit that has witnessed a dramatic rise in popularity in the past decade in many urban areas across the world as individuals and groups react to the widespread concern about the global decline populations of pollinating insects. This chapter provid...
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Instant insights: rust diseases of cereals
This collection provides a comprehensive overview of the range of rust pathogens affecting cereal production, focussing on wheat, barley and sorghum production. Chapters discuss the epidemiology of key rust pathogens, as well as the current challenges faced by farmers wishing to control cereal ru...
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Pressures on tropical forests: agriculture, trade and illegality
This chapter reviews some of the main pressures on tropical forests, starting with an overview of recent rates of deforestation. The drivers of this loss of tropical forests are summarised, and the main ones – clearance of forests for agriculture, often linked to global trade flows, and, to a les...
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Improving soil health and crop nutrition in oil palm cultivation
Soil health is increasingly regarded as a key factor in oil palm nutrition and productivity. This chapter presents the current state of knowledge about soil and nutrient management through several examples of efficient and productive oil palm cultivation. The chapter highlights the challenges whi...
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Chemical contaminants in milk
Developments in analytical technology now allow the identification of some contaminants in milk that were not previously considered. It is critically important that mechanisms are devised to eliminate or reduce these contaminants below the maximum limit allowed by food safety regulations. Thus, t...
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Control of infectious diseases in dairy cattle
This chapter describes the developments to control infectious diseases in the dairy cattle industry, and outlines recent research in this area. A risk analysis approach is presented as a framework for managing infectious diseases at global and farm level. Disease hazards, and the release and expo...
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Dietary health benefits, phytochemicals and anti-nutritional factors in grain legumes
Legumes are a significant source of essential nutrients including dietary fibres, proteins, dietary minerals, and carbohydrates. Abundant in both soluble and insoluble fibre, legumes support colonic and overall health. The chapter describes the impact of grain legume consumption on inflammation, ...
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Improving water use in tropical rain-fed systems: the situation in india
The quantity of available water and land has not increased since 1950, but the availability of water and land per capita has declined significantly due to an increased global human population. Global food security for this growing population requires careful management of water resources. In this...
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Meeting energy requirements in pig nutrition
The level of energy in a pig’s diet influences the rate and efficiency of gain, the quality of the resulting carcass and even the quality of the pork produced from the carcass. However, energy requirements and energy use in pigs are not well understood, due to the complexity of the topic. Unlike ...
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Understanding states of suffering with implications for improved management of poultry
The causes of the main states of suffering experienced by poultry species, namely fear, frustration and pain, are listed and the behavioural symptoms are described. Birds can be frightened by stimuli that are (1) sudden and intense, (2) novel, and (3) signalling special evolutionary dangers. The ...
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Host–pathogen interactions and genetic tools for resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) is responsible for serious losses to the global pig industry and is emblematic of the modern infection disease problem. Respiratory disease caused by PRRSV is the result of a complex interaction of the virus with lung macrophages. PRRSV is unique...
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Investigating the biology of rice blast disease and prospects for durable resistance
There are important biological process involved in rice blast disease that are now well-studied during the early events in plant infection which include: the cell biology of appressorium formation, the biology of invasive growth and effector secretion, the two distinct mechanisms of effector secr...
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Seed germination, preservation and population genetics of wild musa germplasm
Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) are amongst the most important tropical and subtropical food crops in the world. In order to reduce the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on banana cultivation, it is important to allow for a genetic enrichment of the currently cultivated genepool. Crop Wild R...
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Advances and challenges in blueberry breeding
Efforts have steadily increased towards understanding the biological processes underlying key physiological traits in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). Studies have shown high levels of genetic diversity are present within this species, much of which remains to be harnessed. This chapter introduc...
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Advances in breeding of coconut
The coconut, Cocos nucifera L. was once the most important palm crop in the humid tropics. After an introduction to the current extent of coconut cultivation and uses, this chapter discusses the origins and botany of coconut. It then reviews available genetic resources. The chapter goes on to rev...
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Modelling the environmental impacts of agriculture, focusing on oil palm
Cultivation of crops affects the environment via flows of energy and materials. Impacts are felt in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, surrounding terrestrial ecosystems and the field itself. Models are useful tools for improving our understanding of the processes and predicting how they might be affec...
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Introduction: meeting challenges in plant health in sub-saharan africa
This volume is a review of plant health research and its implementation by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and its collaborators worldwide to celebrate IITA’s fiftieth anniversary. It addresses plant health issues of global importance in sub-Saharan Africa, including hu...
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Considerations with selecting turfgrass varieties and cultivars
The National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) conducts trials of turfgrass species across the USA and Canada. NTEP data collected since 1981 is publicly available at www.ntep.org. Data is collected on more than 100 parameters including key factors in sustainable turfgrass selection. Selection ...
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The impact of organic agriculture on diet and health
Consumers of organic vegetables tend to consume them in higher amounts and with more concentrated phytochemicals, so any benefits of phytochemicals for human health are doubled for a typical consumer of organic food. This chapter explores the associations between organic consumption and diet choi...
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Bioprocessing of microalgal proteins and their applications in the cosmetic, nutraceutical and food industries
Microalgae have long been recognised for their nutritional value and high protein contents. With the increasing demand for “vegan protein” and concerns for global food security, microalgal protein is finding renewed interest. Microalgae are highly productive and can be grown without competing for...
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Integrated disease management of wheat and barley
Diseases remain a serious problem in cereal cultivation. The first parts of the book review current research on fungal diseases of cereals and the challenge of fungicide resistance. The book then discusses breeding resistant varieties and methods for integrated disease management of cereals.
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Measuring and monitoring soil carbon sequestration
The monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration following management changes is complex due to the multitude of influencing factors related to ecosystem processes but also due to (socio-)economic or legal requirements. Several protocols for MRV applicat...
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Improving welfare in catching and transport of chickens
The pre-slaughter phase is the last stage of meat production and for broiler chickens entails feed and water withdrawal, catching, loading, transportation and lairage. Major stressors during pre-slaughter include rough handling, overstocking, thermal stress, and prolonged feed and water withdrawa...
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Mechanisms of drought tolerance in rice
Rice is especially sensitive to drought stress during reproductive growth. Drought mitigation, through development of drought- resistant varieties with higher yields, will be the key factor to improve stable rice production. This chapter reviews the following topics: mechanisms of drought resista...
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Management of viruses and virus-like agents affecting apple production
Viruses and virus-like agents have recurring impact on quality fruit production throughout the life of an orchard. They are graft-transmissible and are readily disseminated through the use of infected budwood. Since many of these agents do not have arthropod or nematode vectors, the most effectiv...
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Closed-loop precision farming technologies to optimize resource use
Agriculture continues to play an integral role in the growth of the economy of any country, not only as a means of livelihood for the population but also as their main source of food. Therefore, identifying strategies that can promote the productivity of agriculture is a key priority as it enhanc...
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Sensory properties of milk: understanding and analysis
Quality fresh milk is generally described by consumers familiar with the milk type as quite mild flavoured, with core creamy and sweet notes and a smooth, relatively rich mouthfeel. There are flavour differences that are species-specific, but these are overlaid within and between species by flavo...
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Ruminal viruses and extrachromosomal genetic elements
The rumen contains a complex microbial ecosystem populated by prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and eukaryotes (protozoa and fungi) highly adapted to the fermentation of solely herbivorous feeds, and to survival in a gut environment. In the rumen there are also dense viral populations which both...
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Developments in thermal imaging techniques to assess livestock health
This chapter reviews the use of infrared thermography as a tool in precision livestock farming to assess livestock health. It assesses key challenges such as accounting to ambient environmental conditions as well as the development of infrared thermography technologies to address these challenges...
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Biotic alternatives to antibiotics for poultry gastrointestinal health and food safety applications: prebiotics, postbiotics and associated compounds
Despite several efforts to develop control measures to reduce the contamination of poultry products, foodborne illness remains a major concern to the processors as well as the consumers. A wide range of interventions have been applied both in postharvest settings as well as in preharvest live bir...
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Development of rice varieties with improved iron content in grain
Iron deficiency constitutes one of the most prevalent forms of micronutrient deficiencies affecting human health. Biofortification of food crops is suggested as a suitable approach to address iron deficiency in a sustainable and cost-effective manner. Rice, a staple food for over half of the worl...
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Challenges and opportunities for smallholders in banana value chains
Bananas and plantains play a major role in terms of global food security and household incomes in banana-producing countries. Banana production and yields are affected by a variety of factors, including availability of labour, soil degradation, access to clean planting material, management of pes...
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Assessing the economic value of agricultural biodiversity: a critical perspective
This chapter reviews developments in methods to assess the economic value of agricultural biodiversity, outlines their limitations and proposes a possible, novel way forward. The chapter discusses the different definitions of agrobiodiversity. It then highlights ways of evaluating agrobiodiversit...
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