Sorghum is a critically important crop, yet advanced technologies for its improvement have lagged behind other crops like rice and maize. This chapter first summarizes some of the current technologies beyond conventional breeding methods that can be utilized for crop improvement in sorghum. Some of these techniques have been around for many years, while others, such as marker-assisted breeding, have only recently become widely adopted by sorghum breeders. This chapter then explores some newer technologies, some of which are already common practice in other crops, that have potential applications in sorghum, including doubled haploid breeding and transgenic technology.