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Advances in understanding pig nutritional requirements
Linking advances in our understanding to sustainable production of pig meat requires a more lateral perspective centred on the primary drivers of sustainability. This chapter considers advances in nutritional requirements and metabolism and how these contribute to sustainable production of pig me...
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Advances in dairy cattle breeding to improve longevity
Improving longevity of dairy cows has long been of economic interest. There is also a societal interest in improving longevity and evidence suggests it is an important factor in mitigating greenhouse gases. Longevity is a complex trait to record and to improve genetically, despite considerable ge...
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Setting and reviewing standards for organic farming
One of the cornerstones of organic farming is the fact that it is governed by clear standards which are legally protected in many parts of the world, but there is concern that the current certification system does not fully safeguard the objectives and principles of the movement and encourage fur...
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Improving application systems for bioprotectants in integrated pest management (ipm) programmes in horticulture
The fundamental principles of good application are the same whether a biopesticide or chemical pesticide is being used. However, there is a view that biopesticides are more sensitive to application. A good application technique should result in the minimum amount of biopesticide being used, which...
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Towards sustainable management of nematodes in banana
Plant-parasitic nematodes present a major constraint to production of bananas and plantains world-wide. Early efforts in management in the mid-twentieth century relied on applications of fumigant nematicides followed by non-fumigant organophosphates and carbamate compounds. The development of int...
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Nutrient cycling in soils
Sustainable agricultural systems must enable profitable production of sufficient high-quality crops to meet human demands while simultaneously minimising off-site impacts. Though simple chemical equilibrium plays a part, nutrient cycling processes in soil are largely the outcome of biochemical pr...
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Protecting biodiversity in grasslands
Grasslands in Europe are critically important to the biodiversity of agricultural landscapes. This chapter summarizes the conditions that facilitate biodiversity in permanent and semi-natural (i.e. managed) grasslands in temperate climate, with a particular focus on phytodiversity. The chapter ex...
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Bioactive components in cow’s milk
Milk contains many bioactive compounds with health benefits beyond simple nutrition. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of bioactives in milk and research on their nutraceutical properties. These include bioactive proteins such as caseins, whey proteins such as α-lactalbumin and β-lacto...
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Effects of metabolic modifiers on beef carcass composition and meat quality
Metabolic modifiers are compounds that are either fed to animals or implanted to improve rate of gain, feed efficiency, dressing percent, carcass meat yield, visual meat quality, shelf life or meat palatability. This chapter presents a general review of the effects of metabolic modifiers on carca...
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Identifying and classifying banana cultivars
This chapter addresses identifying and classifying banana cultivars. It begins with an overview of banana cultivars, which is then followed by a discussion of the different levels bananas can be classified at: genera, section and species level. The chapter also examines how to identify different ...
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Parasites affecting poultry
Parasitic infections and infestations are a major challenge to poultry production worldwide. This chapter comprehensively surveys parasites affecting poultry, divided into the broad categories of protozoa, flagellates and worms as well as arthropods including lice, bedbugs, flies, beetles, mites,...
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Increasing water productivity in agriculture: an overview
There is good evidence that improvements in crop productively have come from increases in yield rather than from decreases in total water use. In irrigated agriculture, there are increasing attempts to decrease the unproductive losses of water from storage, through distribution systems and onto f...
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An overview of tropical forest formations
The type of forest encountered on any specific site on the planet is the result of the interaction between abiotic factors and the living organisms that together make up the ecosystem. This interaction is then further complicated by a range of influences that may be human, biological such as poll...
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Managing breeder poultry flocks to optimise hatchability and chick health
A relatively small number of broiler breeders produce globally billions of broilers each year. Optimal reproduction and health in the parent stock is therefore of the utmost importance to optimize product quality, welfare and profitability of the poultry meat chain. Appropriate management during ...
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Manure management in organic farming
Animal manure is the most important source of nutrients applied in most organic farming systems. Nitrogen (N) is often the most yield-limiting factor in non-leguminous crops, and thus lack of N may cause reduced yield and low protein content in many crops. In addition, N is the nutrient that is m...
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Postharvest management of apple quality
This chapter briefly focuses on various aspects of postharvest management of apple fruit quality, including harvest maturity, pre-cooling, storage (conventional cold storage, control atmosphere and dynamic control atmosphere), packaging, ethylene and respiration management by using pre-storage ri...
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Nutritional factors affecting greenhouse gas production from ruminants: implications for enteric and manure emissions
Ruminants are significant contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Mitigating enteric and manure methane (CH4) production have been explored, but often in isolation of other GHG. Lowering enteric CH4 emissions can cause unintended increases in GHG from manure. Considering the comple...
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Key challenges in maize breeding in sub-saharan africa
Development, release and commercialization of improved maize varieties has improved tremendously in the last two or three decades in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Nevertheless, major challenges remain; these are described in this chapter, and strategies by which they may be overcome are proposed. Wi...
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Oomycete and fungal pathogens of soybean
Soybean production faces numerous biotic challenges, leading to significant yield losses each year. This chapter addresses oomycete and fungal pathogens of soybean. Case studies on the oomycete pathogens Phytophthora sojae and Pythium species as well as the true fungi Cercospora sojina, Phakopsor...
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Reusing and recycling of food waste
This chapter reviews how food waste can be reused and recycled. It begins by providing a definition of ‘reuse’ and ‘recycling’ in terms of food waste and gives examples of ways of dealing with food waste, for example, disposal through landfill or incineration or recycling back into food productio...
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Organic greenhouse tomato production
Organic greenhouse tomato cultivation is expanding rapidly to meet consumer demand. This production system endeavours to minimize system inputs and adverse environmental impacts through sustainable water and waste management, limited fossil energy use, nutrient-balanced approaches, and mechanical...
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Nutritional and nutraceutical/functional properties of maize
Maize is the most widely grown crop, which is primarily used for animal feed and food. It is a staple food for a large segment of the world’s population, and it is also used as an industrial raw material. This chapter - reviews the nutritional quality of maize by considering various quality compo...
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Genetics and genomics of meat quality traits in poultry species
Beyond meat yield, technological quality has become a key factor of competitiveness while sensory, nutritional and image qualities have to be preserved in order to maintain the development of poultry production. However, the large usage of poultry meat for cutting and processing has revealed that...
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Developments in breeding vegetables
Breeding for quality and yield in vegetable crops is constrained by consumer preferences and expectations. Vegetable crops are grown primarily for human consumption and are therefore held to higher standards of quality than crops grown for animal feed or fuel. Measures of quality are complex and ...
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Welfare of weaned piglets
Demands for improved animal welfare and animal handling systems from governments, non-government organizations and consumers are increasing. The weaning period in pork production has particular potential to positively impact animals. This chapter focuses on current practices that can be detriment...
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Key challenges and developments in non-targeted methods or systems to identify food adulteration
Food fraud is an ongoing global challenge that is amplified by the complexity of supply chain networks and fraudsters becoming more innovative in the way they commit fraud. There is a great need for rapid analytical tools that offer broad product screening. Non-targeted methods provide an approac...
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Urban agriculture and local communities: encouraging engagement, building cohesion, and linking to global agreements
Urban agriculture (UA) is more than just the growth of food and raising of animals in urban and peri-urban spaces. It brings communities together, benefits people’s livelihoods, and helps to mitigate environmental issues in cities and surrounding regions. UA can be used within community-based res...
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Restoring degraded grasslands
Grazed grasslands are complex ecosystems, and careful and responsible management is essential for their growth and maintenance. This chapter examines the inter-relationship of species, microbial activity, nutrients and environmental factors in restoring and maintaining their health, sustainabilit...
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Measuring and quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities
The accurate assessment of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) for accounting and mitigation options is still a key concern. An extensive body of data is available, but limitations of the different measuring approaches have often been ignored. Despite some constraints, chamber-based appr...
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Mapping and exploiting the tea genome
Long-term cross-pollination has produced considerable heritable variation within and between populations of the tea plant and related species, resulting in a high level of genetic diversity. A good understanding and management of this pool of genetic diversity is of vital importance for crop impr...
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Key challenges and methods in identifying management zones
Management zones (MZs) are delineated to identify homogenous regions with similar field characteristics and to differentiate the inputs according to the specific needs of the crops within each zone. Delineation of MZs can be based on soil and landscape attributes and/or plant parameters. There ar...
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Supporting smallholders in tea cultivation
This chapter describes how smallholder organization can be strengthened to support tea cultivation. Smallholders are weak in terms of productivity owing to low yields and lack of working capital in comparison with large state-owned and private plantations. The chapter describes how the transition...
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Key steps in conservation and use of plant genetic resources: an overview
This chapter reviews the key steps in conservation and the use of plant genetic diversity. It begins by providing an example of a model which includes a series of steps starting with the full range of genetic diversity for all the target plant taxa, through the prioritisation of target taxa, the ...
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Sorghum tolerance to low-phosphorus soil conditions
Many sorghum growing areas in Africa are affected by phosphorus (P) scarcity. In these areas small-scale farmers depend on sorghum for food security and income, but have difficulty accessing or paying for P fertilizer. With the expected future price increases for P fertilizer, this problem is lik...
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Adoption and spread of conservation agriculture in north africa
This chapter examines the adoption and spread of Conservation Agriculture in North Africa. The chapter begins by providing an overview of the geography, soil, climate and farming environment in North Africa before moving on to discuss the importance of agriculture and food security in the North A...
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Lactose in milk: properties, nutritional characteristics and role in dairy products
Lactose is the main carbohydrate in milk and serves as a source of energy for the neonate, but also has other unique functionalities. Lactose is a low GI carbohydrate with low cariogenic potential, which are important to the healthy development of the neonate. These functionalities are derived fr...
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Understanding and measuring plant water use
Plant water use is inextricably linked to both agricultural productivity and sustainable water resource management. Unlike plants in natural ecosystems, crops and horticultural species benefit from the active management of their growing environments. Tremendous advancements have been made towards...
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Understanding consumer perceptions and attitudes towards nutrition labels and health claims in food
Healthy food choices have an important role to play in one’s personal health and wellbeing and in the prevention of chronic diseases. Nutrition labels and health claims (NLHCs) on packaged foods are important instruments used by food and health policy makers seeking to reduce the consumption of u...
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Conservation agriculture in australian dryland cropping and in new zealand: the lessons of 70 years
Australia and New Zealand have seen a rapid adoption rate in Conservation Agriculture in the areas of no-till and stubble retention. The two countries have different stories, and this will be highlighted in this chapter. For Australia crop diversification has not changed substantially, and the ba...
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Biofortification of grain legumes
Micronutrient malnutrition (MNM) is one of the world’s major health threats. Fe and Zn deficiencies affect more than a third of the world’s population, most severely women and children. Biofortified legume crops are being developed with higher levels of bioavailable Fe and Zn to alleviate MNM and...
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Integration of crop-livestock in conservation agriculture systems
This chapter draws heavily on Brazilian experience, not only because of author affiliations, but due to the fact that Brazil is a current world leader in ICL-CA and in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry management systems under CA (ICLF-CA) adoption and research, currently with 11.5 million hecta...
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Defining and implementing best management practices in soybean production
In order to optimize the profitability of soybean production while minimizing adverse effects on the environment, it is important to define and implement the most effective management, agronomic and technological practices. The present chapter considers the following components of soybean product...
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Advances in understanding apple fruit development
Understanding the ways in which apples grow and develop is crucial for achieving sustainable apple cultivation, which means a regulated crop of apples that provides as high a yield as possible of desired quality while allowing the development of a good and consistent return bloom and cropping in ...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of bananas volume 3
This collection reviews the major pests and diseases affecting global banana production. Chapters explore the key stages of disease identification, development and management, including the initial pathogen diagnosis, the disease cycle and epidemiology, as well as best practices to treat diseased...
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Developments in fractionation methods to improve extraction of aleurone or its beneficial compounds from wheat grain
In wheat grains, the aleurone layer is located between the peripheral tissues and the starchy endosperm and is rich in soluble proteins, minerals, lipids, vitamins and micronutrients and contains several compounds with antioxidant activities. However, along grain fractionation it is mainly recove...
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Site-specific irrigation systems
Conventional irrigation management is based on uniform application of water across a field, which may result in both over- and under-irrigation. This chapter focuses on site-specific variable rate irrigation using center pivot and lateral move irrigation systems, which are mainly used for row-cro...
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Towards sustainable plant factories with artificial lighting (pfals): from greenhouses to vertical farms
Plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) have hitherto proved too costly to be economically viable, consuming too much electricity to be considered truly sustainable. However, recent advances are changing this, and the potential advantages of PFALs are making them an attractive option. T...
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The use of epigenetics in poultry breeding
Epigenetics is not a commonly used in the selection of parents to breed the next generations. That is surprising as epigenetics can influence gene function, is inherited via mitosis and/or meiosis and can occur both from the female and male lines. Epigenetics have been shown to affect gene-expres...
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Improving cultivation of lentil
Lentil is an important food legume in the semi-arid regions of the world where it can be grown successfully on limited soil moisture and in relatively poor soils. This chapter describes agronomic practices used in lentil-producing countries, addressing methods of land preparation, sowing, harvest...
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Instant insights: infertility and other reproductive disorders in dairy cattle
This collection features four peer-reviewed reviews on infertility and other reproductive disorders in dairy cattle.
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Gastrointestinal diseases of poultry: causes and nutritional strategies for prevention and control
Gastrointestinal health plays a critical role in ensuring the overall health and productivity of livestock, including poultry. In this regard, antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) have been used to maintain and promote gastrointestinal health. With the industrial strategy of gradual phasing out o...
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Advances in understanding the development and morphology of the poultry breast muscle: impact on meat quality
In recent years, selection programs in meat-type poultry have placed an emphasis on growth rate, muscling, and feed conversion. Although substantial improvements have been made, there have been modification in the morphological structure of the muscle, muscle regeneration mechanisms, and meat qu...
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The environmental impact of valorising agricultural by-products
Agricultural by-products, that is primary residue, industrial by-products and animal manure, are an important source of nutrients and carbon for maintaining soil quality and crop production but can also be valorised through treatment pathways such as fermentation, incineration or a combination of...
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Instant insights: integrated crop-livestock systems
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on integrated crop–livestock systems in agriculture.
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Genetic factors affecting feed efficiency, feeding behavior and related traits in pigs
Feed resource efficiency contributes to sustainable production of pig meat, both economically and environmentally. This chapter describes different measures of feed efficiency and the underlying genetics of feeding in pigs, drawing on studies of genetic correlations of residual feed intake (RFI) ...
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Cereal-fusarium interactions: improved fundamental insights into fusarium pathogenomics and cereal host resistance reveals new ways to achieve durable disease control
All cereal crop species are vulnerable to root, stem-base and floral diseases caused by various Fusarium species. Most problematic is Fusarium head blight because grains become contaminated with harmful mycotoxins. Currently Fusarium control using fungicides is only partially effective, whilst cu...
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Tropical agroforestry and ecosystem services: trade-off analysis for better design strategies
A large body of research has documented a wide list of provisioning and regulating services from tropical agroforestry systems (AFS). This chapter offers an overview of ecosystem services delivered by tropical AFS and presents practical approaches for trade-off analysis between ecosystem services...
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Key challenges in developing new fungicides
The use of fungicides to provide effective economic control of plant diseases has been an integral component of crop production systems since their widespread introduction from the 1940s onwards. Despite industry having been very successful in discovering and bringing new fungicides to the market...
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The impact of climate change on forest systems in the northern united states: projections and implications for forest management
The northern United States is both the most heavily forested and the most densely populated quadrant of the nation. Forests in the region cover 69.6 million hectares, or 42 percent of the land area. In this chapter we characterize mid- and long-term projected climate change impacts for trees and ...
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Mitigating the impact of environmental, social and economic issues on sugarcane cultivation to achieve sustainability
Mitigating the impact of sugarcane cultivation on the environment and ensuring both economic and social sustainability is key to successful and enduring sugar industries. This chapter focuses on the impact of agrochemical use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and how these may be mitigated. Pe...
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Temperate alley cropping systems
The implementation of modern agricultural practices has largely excluded trees from the rural landscape, causing negative environmental impacts. Alley cropping, an agroforestry practice where agricultural crops are grown simultaneously with long-term tree crops, helps mitigate negative environmen...
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Social benefits of conservation agriculture systems
Despite the small number of specific articles and reports on the subject, social benefits of CA cover several areas such as farmers’ organisation, soil governance and water conservation, social capital and community development, food security and nutritional aspects that are reviewed in this chap...
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Modelling soil organic matter dynamics as a soil health indicator
The presence of soil organic matter (SOM) is seen as essential for soil health. Modelling SOM in soils helps researchers and farmers understand and predict the effects of different cultivation practices on changes in SOM. This chapter reviews key issues in SOM modelling and the development of inc...
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Controlling aflatoxins in maize in africa: strategies, challenges and opportunities for improvement
Maize is subject to pre- and post-harvest contamination with aflatoxins, which are acutely toxic, immunosuppressive, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic compounds. This chapter describes in detail the current strategies employed for aflatoxin control and the challenges associated with them, i...
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Assessing the sustainability impacts of rice cultivation
In an increasingly crowded, volatile and fragile world, rice represents a crucial driver of global food security. This chapter explores the environmental and broader sustainability challenges posed by rice production. After considering trends in rice production and consumption and its strategic i...
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Genetic variation in immunity and disease resistance in dairy cows and other livestock
For most diseases of economic importance in livestock, resistance can be considered to be a complex or quantitative trait with limited evidence of negative correlations with resistance to other diseases. Attention to such traits allows the selection of healthier and more productive animals. This ...
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Management of vegetable conservation agriculture systems
This chapter discusses the principles and practices of no-tillage systems for vegetables (NTV), focusing primarily on tomato, onion and parsley cassava cultivation. It presents research regarding a long-term experiment of NTV for onion with winter crops and the effects on chemical, physical and b...
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Advances in irrigation management in greenhouse cultivation
The advantages of greenhouse include the ability to secure better conditions than outdoor environment for crop growth and development, increased off-season production and autonomy from external weather conditions. This chapter provides an up-to-date critical overview of scientific advances in irr...
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A functional approach to bunch formation in banana
Sustainable management of bananas requires knowledge of development, especially the pivotal processes of bunch formation. This chapter presents a functional analysis of the formation of the inflorescence up to flowering (bunch emergence), emphasising interaction of the plant with the environment....
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Advances in understanding soybean physiology and growth
Soybean is one of the world’s most widely grown and economically significant crops, having an extensive range of end uses. Understanding soybean growth and physiology is paramount to maximising its productivity and optimising its yield. This chapter highlights recent advances in understanding soy...
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Achieving sustainable production of pig meat volume 2
Pig production faces many hurdles in meeting increasing global demand sustainably. This volume discusses advances in breeding to improve both productivity and quality. It also reviews key developments in improving animal nutrition.
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Agriculture, land use and the path to net zero
This book provides a comprehensive review of the contribution of land use for farming to global greenhouse gas emissions and how agricultural land use can be optimised to achieve net zero.
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Advances in breeding techniques for durable septoria tritici blotch (stb) resistance in cereals
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, is one of the most important foliar diseases of winter cereal crops. Recent advances are helping to understand the genetic basis and architecture of resistance to STB. To date, at least 22 genes for qualitati...
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Optimizing plant growth, yield and fruit quality with plant bioregulators
Plant bioregulators (PBRs) are used extensively in the tree fruit production industry. They influence many processes in a plant including shoot growth, branch angle, bud break, flower bud formation and fruit abscission, ripening, shape and finish, and as such can be used to optimize not only plan...
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Diseases affecting wheat and barley: rusts
Farmers using conventional fungicides for disease control face a number of challenges such as increased regulatory measures and the spread of fungicide resistance. This chapter sums up the wealth of research addressing this challenge, that has targeted understanding rust pathogens better, the dep...
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Advances in understanding forest ecosystem services: conserving biodiversity
Forest biodiversity is fundamental to ecosystem functioning, facilitating processes such as nutrient cycling, pollination and seed dispersal. A healthy forest provides a range of economic, societal and cultural values and services beyond timber production, including recreation, carbon sequestrati...
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Advances in breeding of hazelnuts
Hazelnut (Corylus spp.) is a member of the Betulaceae family, and is widely distributed in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Cultivated varieties differ from each other in such characteristics as nut size, shape, kernel ratio, shell thickness, etc. Key target characteristics for breed...
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The anaerobic rumen fungi
Ruminants are characterized by the ability of microbes in the rumen to convert cellulosic feed into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and proteins that meet the nutritional needs of the animal. Major advances in analytical techniques and genomics have transformed our understanding of rumen microbiology...
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Key issues and challenges in disease surveillance in dairy cattle
This chapter provides an overview on the different aspects concerning disease surveillance programs. The chapter also describes a specific and conceptual framework related to disease surveillance of production diseases within the individual herd, including both animals and farmers. Regarding farm...
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Waste management in egg production
Waste management is an essential component of an egg production system, affecting the environmental impact of production, food safety, worker safety, and animal health and safety. Manure, animal mortalities , and egg washing and processing wastewater are the major types of waste generated in an e...
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Gcp21: a global cassava partnership for the 21st century
Since 1998, cassava has outperformed all the world’s major crops in relative production increase. It is also recognized as being resilient to climate change. Its global average yield, however, is only 13 Mt/ha, compared to a potential of at least 65 Mt/ha, partly due to the impact of pests and di...
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Advances in fingerprint and rapid methods for improved traceability in agri-food supply chains
Agri-food supply and value chain markets have become increasingly complex due to the changes in consumers demands, the development of complex food standards associated with food safety and quality, advances in technology (e.g. big data, machine learning), and changes in the food industry structur...
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Developing hulled wheat-based cereal products with enhanced nutritional properties: emmer, einkorn and spelt
Hulled wheats (emmer, einkorn, and spelt) have low yields but are suitable for organic and low-input agriculture under marginal or high-stress conditions. However, data on the composition of hulled wheats, often also called ‘ancient wheats’ is still scarce, especially on bioactive components such...
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Nutrition management of grazing dairy cows in temperate environments
Temperate grass-legume mixes (i.e. pasture) are nutritionally well-balanced and can sustain moderate levels of milk production in dairy cattle. However, pasture is perishable, and if not consumed by cow, it is wasted and the feed quality of the re-growth declines. Moreover, increased use of suppl...
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Soilless culture systems and growing media in horticulture: an overview
Soilless culture plant production presents a sector with unlimited potential for the horticulture industry. Soilless culture systems are environmentally friendly, resource-efficient, and support sustainable intensification in agriculture. Soilless culture system (SCS) crops in climate-controlled ...
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Nutritional strategies and management practices to improve poultry meat quality
The concept of meat quality is of primary relevance for both producers, due to the implications for fresh retail and value-added meat products, and consumers, which are increasingly aware of the nutritional quality of food. Beside the genetic background, many environmental factors are able to inf...
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Use of alternative feed ingredients and additives to minimize the environmental impact of poultry production
This chapter discusses the potential use of more sustainable alternative feed ingredients in poultry feed. It introduces the range of alternative protein-contributing ingredients, including crop sources such as legumes, peas and beans, as well as by-products from food and oilseed processing such ...
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The nutritional and physiological functions of egg yolk components
Eggs are of particular interest in nutrition because they contain all the nutrients necessary for human health, except for dietary fibre and vitamin C. The aim of this chapter is to discuss current trends in the study of nutritional and physiological functions of egg yolk. In particular, we will ...
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Advances in understanding fungal contamination in cereals
Cereals are food security crops because of their high nutritive values for energy (carbohydrate-based energy) and other nutrients (proteins) and their long-term storability. They constitute the main food staples in many parts of the world and are primary animal feed ingredients. Cereal production...
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Organic pig farming: key characteristics, opportunities, advantages and challenges
Organic pig production strives to provide housing and management conditions that guarantee a high level of animal health and welfare, sustainability, a closed soil–plant–animal cycle and produce high-quality products. This chapter discusses how housing of organic pigs affects welfare and the envi...
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Modelling the impact of climate change on agriculture in west africa
Agriculture involves approximately 60% of the population and contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the majority of West African countries. Agricultural productivity in the sub-region is projected to be adversely impacted by climate change. The sustainability of West Afr...
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Advances in breeding of cucumber and watermelon
The breeding of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) has changed over the last few hundred years, from open-pollinated populations, to inbred lines, to gynoecious hybrids. Speed breeding, marker-assisted selection and more efficient field testing have also led to advances with this crop. Production of inbr...
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Organic seed production, certification and availability
Through evolution, plants produce seeds with variation in speed of germination and, for instance, dormancy to spread the risk of germinating in the wrong season. Although domestication and breeding has created crops with more rapid germinating seeds, compared with their wild relatives, for many c...
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The sigatoka leaf disease complex in banana
There are three major leaf diseases, now called Pseudocercospora leaf spot diseases of banana, which form the sigatoka leaf spot complex: Sigatoka disease (yellow Sigatoka) caused by Pseudocercospora musae, black leaf streak disease (black Sigatoka) caused by P. fijiensis and Eumusae leaf spot di...
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Improving cultivation of groundnuts
Genetic and management options are available to realize an optimal pod yield and quality of groundnut production that meets the needs of the processors and consumers, as well as ensuring food safety standards. This chapter discusses various options for groundnut cultivation, from the choice of th...
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Integrated pest management in sustainable palm oil production
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is central to sustainable palm oil production. This chapter explores the rapid expansion of oil palm and its impact on the environment, the range of pest species found in plantations, and the impact of replanting on pest numbers. The chapter introduces the concept...
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Viral metagenomics and sugarcane pathogens
Plant viral metagenomics has recently proved effective for studying the collection of plant viruses. The advent of metagenomics-based approaches has led to the discovery and characterization of new plant viruses. This chapter describes the plant virus metagenomics methods developed during the las...
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Advances in technologies for monitoring pig welfare
The pig sector undergoes a major transformation characterized by intensification, geographic concentration, vertical integration and increasing scales of production. This creates new challenges for animal welfare. Sensor technology offers multiple advantages for monitoring key indicators of welfa...
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Instant insights: antibiotics in poultry production
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on antibiotics in poultry production.
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Advances in monitoring of native and invasive insect pests of crops
Early detection of insect pests is critical to successful integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. This collection reviews the wealth of research on improving monitoring techniques for the detection of both native and alien insect pests.
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