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Understanding and monitoring diseases of vegetables
In-depth background knowledge on detecting and identifying plant diseases is essential for helping to raise healthy crops. This chapter provides an overview of historical developments in understanding and monitoring plant diseases, including the invention of light and electronic microscopes, Koch...
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Understanding and optimising the chemical properties of growing media for soilless cultivation
Chemical properties exert a considerable influence on the behavior of growing media, particularly in regulating the composition of the nutrient solution. This effect depends on the nature of components: mineral growing media are chemically inert and weakly affect the nutrient solution only in the...
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Life cycle assessment of mango systems
Mango production systems have seldom been studied using the methodology of life cycle assessment (LCA). Important challenges are associated with the application of LCA to the environmental evaluation of fruit systems in general and mango in particular. This chapter describes the core principles o...
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Advances in seed science and technology for more sustainable crop production
This collection reviews the wealth of recent research on advances in seed science and technology, including key developments in seed phenotyping and seed treatments, and their role in contributing to a more sustainable agriculture.
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The effect of incubation temperature on embryonic development in poultry
The aim of this chapter is to examine the specific effects of exogenous and endogenous heat on embryonic growth during different stages of incubation, with an emphasis on controlled incubation temperature studies. The chapter explores the challenges inherent in establishing a temperature recommen...
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Helping smallholders to improve poultry production
Small-scale family poultry farming is practised by a large proportion of smallholder families in the rural and peri-urban areas of most of the world’s developing countries. By enabling improvements in disease control, breeding and genetics, and management and nutrition through smallholder poultry...
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Life cycle assessment (lca) of palm oil in practice: the example of malaysia
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool for evaluating the environmental impact of a product or process throughout its entire life cycle. This chapter reviews the application of LCA methodology to assess the environmental impact of the production of crude palm oil (CPO), including the impact of lan...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of maize volume 2
Volume 2 covers methods for improving maize cultivation, from seed selection to nutrition, irrigation and techniques such as intercropping. It also reviews research on key pests and diseases and methods for their control in making cultivation more efficient and sustainable.
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Role of prebiotics in poultry gastrointestinal tract health, function, and microbiome composition
Prebiotics have been established as a series of feed compounds that serve as specific substrates for gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bacteria. The general premise is that such compounds support GIT bacteria that benefit the host. In addition, GIT bacteria supported by prebiotics can be antagonistic ...
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Sustainable nitrogen management for housed livestock, manure storage and manure processing
This chapter reviews sustainable nitrogen management for housed livestock, manure storage and manure processing. The chapter begins by discussing the various forms nitrogen can take, focusing specifically on ammonia, nitrous oxide and di-nitrogen. It then goes on to review livestock feeding and h...
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Institutional and policy support for conservation agriculture uptake
Conservation Agriculture (CA) has been adopted by farmers in at least 78 countries around the world in response to land degradation from intensive tillage and monoculture production systems. Since pioneer farmers started the CA development journey five decades ago it has been refined into a susta...
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Improving nutrient management in potato cultivation
Potatoes require 14 mineral nutrients, which are often applied in fertilisers. This chapter describes management practices that maximise crop production and minimise nutrient losses to the environment. First, it describes the development of the crop and its temporal demands for macronutrients (ni...
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The challenge of sustainable water resources management under water scarcity
Historically, water control developments were mostly small-scale, locally managed and hydrologically independent, with annual rainfall, runoff and recharge setting the limits to annual use. In recent decades, the vast expansion of irrigation (the largest water user with about 70% withdrawal world...
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Advances in understanding flavour development in poultry meat
This chapter reviews advances in understanding flavour development in poultry meat. It starts by examining the flavour chemistry of poultry meat, then moves on to discuss the flavour precursors of poultry meat, focusing specifically on water soluble components and lipids. The chapter also highlig...
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Developments in surface irrigation techniques
Surface irrigation has long been an important tool for farmers. This chapter will review the development of surface irrigation techniques. Section 2 provides a brief historical overview, and then Sections 3 and 4 consider the development of furrow, basin and border irrigation in detail. Sections ...
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Developing decision-support systems for pasture and rangeland management
Although there have been several decades of development of decision support systems (DSSs) for pasture and rangeland systems, there is limited uptake of such tools in these farming systems. Historically, there has been confusion between use of DSS tools for either farmers, or for learning and res...
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Sorghum as a forage and energy crop
Sorghum is an important source of grain and fodder, forage and biomass throughout the world. In the United States, grain sorghum is the prominent crop; however, non-grain sorghum plays an important role as a feedstock globally. This chapter reviews the different types of sorghum and their uses. W...
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Controlling black leaf streak disease (blsd) in banana: the case of costa rica
The main foliar disease in bananas is black leaf streak disease (BLSD), also known as black Sigatoka, which is caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis. Since most commercial banana varieties are susceptible to BLSD, the disease can only be controlled in the wet tropics, with frequent fung...
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Instant insights: crops as livestock feed
This specially curated collection features five reviews of current and key research on crops as livestock feed.
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Breeding and management strategies to improve reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle
Although high reproductive efficiency is critical to sustainable dairy farming, reproductive failure is the primary reason for culling dairy cows in many countries. Yet, high milk production and high first-service conception rates often co-exist in well-managed dairy herds. The use of artificial ...
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Mapping the sheep genome
The exploration of genomic variation is central to advances in animal genetic studies. Furthermore, the ability to access and analyse differences among animal genomes is an essential prerequisite to understanding the manifestation of disease, variation in production traits, demographic history an...
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Advances in the potential use of non-thermal plasma in postharvest treatment of fresh horticultural produce
Fresh horticultural produce related foodborne illnesses outbreaks have increased around the world, and despite the adoption of good on-farm and postharvest practices, microbial contamination of fresh produce can still occur. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has recently emerged as an option for killing/i...
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Improving cultivation practices for common beans
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is perhaps the world’s most important, and the most widely cultivated grain legume. It serves as a food security crop and meets more than 50% of household dietary protein requirements, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, common bean contributes t...
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Instant insights: ensuring animal welfare during transport and slaughter
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on ensuring animal welfare during transport and slaughter.
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Instant insights: decision support systems in agriculture
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on decision support systems (DSS) in agriculture.
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Incorporating genetics into crop models to identify new phenotypes adapted to climate change
This chapter proposes a framework to develop new genotype (G) x management (M) technologies (G x M) to adapt to climate change, and to transition from current to future G x M technologies in a way that future food security does not come at the expense of current food security. The framework integ...
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Understanding agroecosystems and pest management: from chemical control to integrated biodiversity management
Agroecology analyzes the different components that make up an ecosystem such as soils, climate, plants and animals, and their interactions within agricultural landscapes. Bringing together a wide range of disciplines, agroecology encompasses different scales from the individual field through to f...
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Waste management and emissions in poultry processing
A major contributor to emissions and to waste generation in food production is the poultry slaughter-processing plants, especially because one of the greatest sources of indirect emissions from food consumption in the European Union and the United States is the consumption of meat. Quantifying th...
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Bioactive compounds in coffee beans with beneficial health properties
In recent years, the health benefits of coffee beverage consumption have received considerable interest. This chapter describes the latest research on the potential health benefits of coffee components including caffeine, phenolics, trigonelline, cafestol and kahweol. The chapter pays particular ...
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Improving phenotypic prediction in dairy cattle breeding using the metagenome
The microbiome can be considered as a holobiont organism that populates different niches in mammals. New advances in metagenomics studies offer new possibilities to incorporate the metagenome information into strategies to improve sustainability of animal production. This chapter explains the imp...
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Instant insights: advances in detecting and forecasting crop pests and diseases
This collection provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in crop pest monitoring and forecasting models. Chapters address emerging technologies in the area, as well as some of the issues and challenges that can arise as a result of implementing particular models.
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Women and maize cultivation: increasing productivity through gender analysis
Gender analysis is essential in guiding the design and focus of research to ensure that women participate in and benefit from growth in the maize sector. This chapter begins by situating farmers within households and discussing why the conceptualization of households matters for agricultural rese...
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In ovo development of the chicken gut microbiome and its impact on later gut function
Beneficial as well as pathogenic microorganisms, derived from external and maternal sources, can inhabit the gut of hatchlings. In an effort to optimize the enteric development of chicks and to assist in the establishment of intestinal bacteria populations that are conducive to their good health ...
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Nutraceutical benefits of eggs
Hen eggs are nature’s perfect source for the everyday diet worldwide. Several components of hen eggs have biofunctional properties in humans beyond normal nutrition and have the potential for being used as active ingredients for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. Consequently, extensive s...
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Integrated management of tortricid pests of tree fruit
A group of relatively small moths in the family Tortricidae is commonly the most destructive insect pests of deciduous tree fruits throughout the world. This chapter summarizes the recent literature associated with several applied aspects of tortricid management. After an introduction to tortrici...
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Chemical composition of coffee beans: an overview
This chapter provides an overview of the composition of green coffee beans and the changes associated with roasting and beverage production. The chapter focusses principally, but not exclusively, on more recent advances related to the major chemical components of coffee such as the chlorogenic ac...
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Functional agrobiodiversity for the provision of agroecosystem services
In the context of sustainable agricultural development, the provision of other services beyond production is becoming a priority. We contend that a functional approach to agrobiodiversity is the best approach to meeting such goal in both research and agricultural practice. We have traced the deve...
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Improving drought and heat tolerance in wheat
Changes in global climate have increased the variability of precipitation, and have made episodes of drought and/or high temperature more common. These stresses, often occurring in combination during grain filling in arid or semiarid areas, are considered the two most common environmental limitat...
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Genome editing of barley
Although barley is of great importance for the brewing and animal feed industries and is regarded as a model for small grain cereals, only a few results on targeted gene modification using CRISPR/Cas endonuclease technology have been published to date. In this chapter, the frontiers and achieveme...
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Improving poultry meat quality
This collection summarises recent research on genetic and environmental factors affecting the development of quality traits in poultry meat and their implications for breeding, husbandry and postharvest processing.
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The banana weevil borer
This chapter discusses the impact of the banana weevil borer (Banana black weevil), Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). It provides an overview of the spread of the pest, its life cycle and the impact on plant health and yields. The chapter then discusses control mea...
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Instant insights: biodiversity management practices
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on biodiversity management practices in agriculture.
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Exploring corporate weather accounting by the uk food retail industry
This chapter explores the extent to which companies in the UK food retail and production industries are disclosing information on weather-related risk, especially in relation to climate change-induced weather risk, in their annual/integrated reports, their sustainability (or equivalent) reports a...
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Assessing socio-economic impacts of agriculture
Economic assessments remain the dominating form of socio-economic assessment in agriculture; yet practical implementation often suffers from severe limitations. However, much of the early criticism has slowly been adopted and integrated in the form of significant improvements in the consistency a...
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Control of rodent pests in maize cultivation: the case of africa
Rodents cause significant damage to maize at sowing, seedling and maturity stages . The major rodent pest species of maize in Africa are Mastomys and Arvicanthis spp. Rodent management programmes in this continent have been reactive but have not considered the population ecology of the target spe...
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The origin and domestication of poultry species
The domestication of plants and animals has led to important changes in the biology and the genetic diversity of domesticated species, and at the same time setting a new way of life for humans. In this process, several species of birds have been domesticated across all continents. This chapter re...
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Instant insights: ensuring the welfare of broilers
This book provides a detailed overview of the current welfare issues affecting broiler production. Chapters review the role of intensive poultry production systems in the development of welfare issues, such as lameness, dermatitis and feather-picking.
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Growth, development and physiology of grain sorghum
A thorough understanding of how grain sorghum develops is essential in determining how best to manage this crop. Grain sorghum has three predictable phases of growth: vegetative (planting to panicle initiation); reproductive (panicle initiation to flowering) and grain filling (after flowering to ...
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The nutritional potential of grain legumes: an economic perspective
Present-day food systems leave a substantial share of the world’s population malnourished. Though rates of undernutrition have been falling, many people continue to suffer from micronutrient malnutrition and rates of overnutrition are rapidly increasing. This chapter argues that the increased rol...
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Advances in breeding and cultivation of pomegranate
The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is among the first cultivated crops in the world. However, consumers’ preference for this fruit was not high for many centuries due to the difficulty of extracting the arils for eating. Recent studies noting the superior pharmacological and therapeutic propert...
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Improving data identification and tagging for more effective decision making in agriculture
Data integration, data analytics and decision support methods can help to rise agriculture challenges such as climate change adaptation or food security. In this context, smart data acquisition systems, interoperable Information Systems and frameworks for data structuring are required. In this ch...
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Improving modeling of nutrient cycles in crop cultivation
This chapter describes nutrient cycle modelling for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and is not meant to be a review of existing nutrient models. Most of these existing models were designed to predict the effects of N and P on crop growth response. Given the importance of N in glo...
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Flame weeding techniques
Flaming as a vegetation control method began in the mid-1800s. It is based on utilizing heat for plant control, and has the potential to be used effectively for at least six agronomic crops (field corn, sweet corn, popcorn, sorghum, soybean and sunflower) when conducted properly at the most toler...
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Analysis and design of the shade canopy of cocoa-based agroforestry systems
Cocoa-based agroforestry (AF) systems are a conspicuous element of agricultural landscapes worldwide. Shade canopy analysis and design is a key component of crop husbandry, and requires a good understanding of the interactions, synergies and trade-offs between shade, yield and environmental servi...
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Consumer attitudes to cultured meat products: improving understanding and acceptance
This chapter reviews consumer attitudes to cultured meat products, focusing on improving understanding and acceptance of these products. Chapter 12 begins by examining the challenges regarding consumer acceptance of novel food technologies and cultured meat, drawing specific attention to perceive...
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Key issues in transportation of broiler and layer chicks
Whilst there has been significant research on improvements to design, equipment and operation for transport of broiler chickens and end of lay laying hens, far less attention has been paid to the transportation of pullet chicks and pullets. This chapter reviews legislative requirements as well as...
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Managing surface water for irrigation
As the world’s population increases, so does the pressure on water resources to ensure that agriculture continues to meet global food demand. One way of coping with this increased pressure is to improve the management of surface water resources for irrigation, for instance to reduce water losses ...
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Advances in managing arable weed propagules
The soil propagule bank acts as a reservoir from where weeds colonize arable fields and is composed of weeds seeds and ramets, which are fragments from clonal growth of perennial weeds. This chapter first describes the ways by which weed propagules have been historically managed. It then discusse...
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Dna-based screening of brassica germplasm for sustainable and enhanced crop production
The Brassica genus contains many agriculturally important oilseed and vegetable crops. Brassica germplasm, including natural accessions and breeding populations, are maintained globally for sustainable management and enhancement of Brassica crop production which is critical to meet the demands of...
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Promoting pollination and pollinators in farming
This collection reviews the wealth of research on understanding pollination processes, the role of pollinators and how best to protect them and the ecosystem services they deliver in crop production.
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Quantifying the contribution of livestock health issues to the environmental impact of their production systems
The focus of this chapter is on the environmental impact consequences of endemic livestock health challenges that lead to deterioration in animal health, and on the potential impacts arising from their mitigations. The first part of the chapter concentrates on the potential of animal health to af...
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Beef cattle nutrition and its effects on beef quality
Previous dogmas suggested that body composition and subsequent carcass characteristics of beef cattle are primarily tied to mature body weight and fat thickness. Subsequent research suggests that marbling can occur at different stages of growth when sufficient nutrition is provided and that the r...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of rice volume 1
This collection reviews advances in breeding techniques as well as improving traits such as flood or drought resistance. It also discusses advances in understanding the nutritional role of rice and ways this can be enhanced to feed a growing population.
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Welfare of gilts and pregnant sows
Mismatches between the evolutionary biology of the sow and current commercial production systems give rise to welfare challenges of stereotyped behaviour development in confined systems and aggression in group housing systems. This chapter describes the welfare issues associated with individual c...
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Advances in automating meat processing operations
Meat processing presents a particular challenge to robotics, as it deals with deformable biological products that lack uniformity: no two fish, sides of beef or chicken carcasses are exactly alike. Meat processing plants have many adept human practitioners, skilled with knives, and has proven ext...
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Management of water resources for grasslands
Grasslands support essential food and fibre production, biodiversity, and water function and other ecosystem services. Planted or native grasslands are typically located on drier, steeper or less fertile areas of any region. This chapter discusses water requirements of temperate pastures, monit...
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Advances in understanding turfgrass physiology
Turfgrasses are frequently grown in environments with less than optimal conditions, which ultimately negatively impacts plant growth and development. Between a changing environment and a desire to reduce inputs, turfgrasses will be exposed to even more stressful conditions. Understanding a plant'...
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Creating a regulatory framework for cultured meat products: singapore
The Singapore Food Agency’s regulatory framework for cultured meat and the principal considerations behind Singapore’s food safety system is presented as a case study in this chapter. A review of the regulatory framework is covered in detail, including considerations for safety assessment of cult...
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Conservation agriculture: climate change mitigation and adaptation benefits
This chapter discusses how Conservation Agriculture can be used to tackle the challenges posed by climate change to agricultural ecosystems. It focuses on the fundamentals of climate change mitigation and benefits of adapting to climate change. The chapter also includes a case study on the LIFE+ ...
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Identifying and managing plant health risks for key african crops: yams and cocoyams
A large proportion of the world’s yams, which are mostly indigenous to Africa, and the exotic taro and cocoyam are grown in West and Central Africa by resource-poor farmers. Surveys demonstrate recycling and build-up of pathogens and nematodes from one generation to the next because of their vege...
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Community-based management of tropical forests: lessons learned and implications for sustainable forest management
Community-based forest management (CBFM), also known as community forestry, social forestry, joint forest management or participatory forestry, has emerged in response to the concern that centralized forest ownership in most developing countries has failed to promote sustainable forest management...
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Improving supply chains to prevent food losses and waste: an overview
Wasting food is unsustainable from environmental, economic, social and ethical points of view. Curbing food losses and waste (FLW) amount would improve food chain sustainability and contribute to food security. For that, reducing FLW is one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG...
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Breeding cassava for higher yield
Cassava is a root crop that adapts well to a wide range of environments. A key factor for grower decisions regarding when to plant cassava is whether a profit can be expected from the crop; increasingly, only cassava growers with high productivity can survive in the volatile price environment. Th...
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Genetic and phenotypic improvements in temperate dairy systems: an overview
In the past 50 years, the dairy industry has benefitted from major advances in management, nutrition practices, reproductive technologies, and genetic selection. The refinement of selection indices over time has been shown to be an effective way to make progress on a variety of economically impor...
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Improving the cultivation of pigeonpea
Production of pigeonpea is constrained by agronomic management techniques such as improper methods of sowing, incorrect sowing time, inadequate seed rate, insufficient weeding, imbalance of fertilization, inadequate intercultural operations, insufficient irrigation and inadequate use of fertilize...
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Cocoa diseases: witches' broom
Witches' broom, caused by the hemibiotrophic basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa, is one of the most important cocoa diseases. The pathogen co-evolved with cocoa in the Amazon River basin and is currently restricted to South and Central America. Other cocoa-producing regions of the world are ...
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Collection and evaluation of banana and plantain landraces in africa
This chapter provides a review of the processes involved in the collection and evaluation of banana and plantain landraces, the challenges and opportunities encountered and suggestions for the way forward.
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Advances in understanding pain and stress in cows
This chapter provides definitions of pain and stress, particularly focusing on the issue that 'stress' as a stand-alone generic term may not be helpful in terms of advancing our understanding of the impact of animal management on animal welfare. For cattle, as for other animals managed by humans,...
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Advances in understanding oil palm reproductive development
As for many other crops, yield components of oil palm rely partly on the optimal implementation of its reproductive development. As a result, studies focusing on the mechanisms underlying sex ratio determination, inflorescence development or fruit maturation have rapidly multiplied, significantly...
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Monitoring plant genetic resources for food and agriculture
This chapter reviews the methodologies developed to assess the extent of diversity of PGRFA at species, variety, and genetic level and examines the efforts made at global level in monitoring them at different scales. Efforts have been made to halt the loss of biodiversity (including genetic diver...
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Food safety management on farms producing beef
The production of safe, high-quality beef requires both good farming practices and additional measures targeted against specific hazards to human or animal health. This chapter provides an overview of good farming practices for beef cattle farms, with particular discussion of biosecurity, animal ...
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Developments in crop insect pest detection techniques
Early detection of crop insect pests is indispensable to farmers and managers. Researchers are increasing exploration of technology that improves capability to sense insect presence and maximize the timeliness, accuracy, and interpretability of the sensed data for targeted management. Traditional...
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Integrated management of diseases and insect pests of tree fruit
In the light of increasing restrictions on pesticides, this collection reviews advances in understanding key diseases and insect pests of tree fruit. It shows how this understanding can be used to improve integrated disease and pest management techniques.
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Disease identification and management on the pig farm
Endemic diseases constitute a major threat for a profitable and sustainable pig production worldwide. This chapter reviews the diagnosis and monitoring of pig diseases, and control measures that can be implemented on the farm. The most important issues to establish a diagnosis are discussed. Moni...
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Instant insights: integrated weed management in cereal cultivation
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on integrated weed management in cereal cultivation.
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Diseases affecting cassava
Cassava diseases are major production constraints wherever the crop is grown. Although diseases will continue to pose a challenge to cassava producers in the immediate future, tremendous progress is being made in developing control tactics. These range from biotechnological approaches for enhanci...
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Developments in physical weed control
Physical weed control is the key method for reducing negative impacts of weeds in organic cropping systems, and remains important even on many conventional vegetable farms. Inter-row cultivation is generally effective, but controlling intra-row weeds remains a challenge. Well-timed use of torsion...
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Advances in nutrient management modelling and nutrient concentration prediction for soilless culture systems
In closed-loop soilless culture systems (SCS), ion concentration and ionic balance are important factors to be considered for stable management of nutrient solutions. For maintaining appropriate ion concentration and ion balance, various techniques of nutrient analysis and prediction are required...
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The use of agronomic practices in integrated pest management programmes in horticulture
IPM promotes the design of resilient systems that reduce both pest attacks and damage to cultivated plants. It is based on practices that foster plant tolerance and the control of pests by their natural enemies. The challenge is to combine those practices in a coherent system that should associat...
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Improving gut function in pigs to prevent pathogen colonization
Intestinal pathogens causing either clinical or sub-clinical infections increase pig morbidity and (or) mortality, resulting in economic losses and wider socio-economic impacts on pig production. An optimally functioning gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is fundamental to combatting intestinal pathoge...
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Genetics and genomics of skeletal traits in poultry species
Impaired skeletal function occurs in both meat-type and layer poultry, with different aetiologies. This chapter reviews the literature on quantitative genetics and genetic mapping of skeletal traits in both types of poultry. Both skeletal defects and bone quality traits in poultry are lowly to mo...
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Sustainable carrot production
This chapter reviews developments in carrot cultivation including optimizing root shape, using strip-till systems, improving fertilizer use (including the use of mycorrhizal fungi), and irrigation and harvesting techniques. The chapter also discusses advances in crop protection, including managem...
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Alternative hatching systems for broilers
In the conventional hatching system environmental conditions (such as temperature, level of dust, use of disinfectants) may be suboptimal and furthermore, chickens lack access to feed and water until placement in the rearing house, which may be suboptimal too. This has led to development of alter...
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The economics of groundwater development and governance
The last century has seen a dramatic increase in the demand for groundwater, first as a source of drinking water, and more recently for agricultural use in arid and semi-arid regions. This sudden surge in demand can be explained by several attractive properties of this resource: it is free, avail...
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Assessing the impact of alien bees on native ones
Because of their importance as pollinators of wild and cultivated plants, little concern has been paid to alien bees when entering a new ecosystem. Hence, approximately 80 alien bee species worldwide have spread outside their native ranges. Here, we explored the main impacts of alien bees on nati...
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Advances in understanding mango tree growth and canopy development
The mango tree canopy acts not only as a carbohydrate factory, through photosynthesis, and as a support for reproduction; it is also the place where vegetative growth occurs and the tree develops. The spatial and temporal proximity of vegetative and reproductive growth in the mango tree canopy le...
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Optimizing disease management in fruit cultivation
Sustainable management of plant diseases is a perennial challenge for pome fruit and stone fruit producers in humid regions throughout the world. Delayed orchard profitability, decreased orchard longevity, reduction in fruit quality and unsalable fruit caused by fungal and bacterial diseases of t...
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Ensuring the safety of feed for beef cattle
The unique ruminant digestive system of beef cattle enables them to eat and digest a wide range of feed products, including by-product or alternative feeds not utilized in other livestock production systems. It is important to ensure that the various feed products provided to cattle will not pose...
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Tenure and management rights in tropical forests
Secure tenure rights are fundamental to the sustainable management of the world’s tropical forests. By determining the depth of rights and consequent decisions actors can make, tenure regimes allow present-day considerations of future values, thus incentivising investments in the sustainable use...
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Advances in techniques for identifying and tracking foreign bodies in agri-food supply chains
Foreign bodies in food can occur at any stage in the agri-food supply chain continuum, and they are recognised as the main single source of customer complaints. From a food safety perspective, these physical contaminants can cause adverse health effects, so food companies strive to have effective...
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