Selection and breeding decisions have traditionally been made based on phenotypic measurements and pedigree information of selection candidates or close relatives. However, the recent availability of genomic information on a large number of markers has transformed modern dairy cattle breeding around the world. Currently, among the main uses of genomic information are the identification of Quantitative Trait Loci and candidate genes related to economically important traits, and the prediction of genetic merit of individuals for selection. In this context, several statistical methods have been developed to enable the incorporation of genomic information to achieve these goals. In this chapter we summarize the key developments in genomic prediction and selection in dairy cattle, with a focus on the tools and statistical methods proposed over time. Additionally, we also discuss the main contributions that supported such developments, and indicate potential constrains and opportunities in the use of current methods in the future of dairy cattle breeding.