This chapter summarizes the effects of different forest management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and discusses whether and how they can be optimized under climate change. Afforestation and reforestation of C depleted arable soils typically increase SOC stocks, but on C-rich soils in former grasslands, afforestation can even lead to SOC losses. Tree species selection also affects SOC storage. Coniferous forests store more C in the organic layer, whereas broadleaf forests contain more C in the mineral soil. The total SOC stocks seem comparable between forest types. Tree harvesting operations lead to transient SOC losses. However, lower-intensity harvests that retain parts of the tree residues on site, reduce SOC losses compared to whole-tree harvests. Liming leads to a loss of the organic layer, but associated C gains in the mineral soil are uncertain and site-dependent. In the face of climate change, forest management should increase ecosystem resistance and resilience to maintain SOC stocks. Stand thinning, for example, has no significant effect on SOC stocks, but leads to a higher stand resistance against e.g. storms. The promotion of tree species diversity increase forest resilience against climate extremes, thereby reducing the risk for SOC losses through forest diebacks and disturbances. In summary, minimizing the threat of intensive harvest operations for soils and enhancing the resilience of forest against climate extremes and associated disturbances seem the most effective measures for a soil C friendly forest management.