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Organic pig farming: key characteristics, opportunities, advantages and challenges
Organic pig production strives to provide housing and management conditions that guarantee a high level of animal health and welfare, sustainability, a closed soil–plant–animal cycle and produce high-quality products. This chapter discusses how housing of organic pigs affects welfare and the envi...
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Achieving sustainable production of milk volume 2
Safety remains a key issue for the dairy industry. This book reviews current research on understanding and managing pathogens in dairy farms. It also discusses more recent concerns about the environmental impact of dairy farming and ways it can be made more sustainable, including in developing co...
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Natural capital accounting and biodiversity in the italian winemaking industry
Biodiversity is a key resource for our planet’s natural systems. This chapter analyses the Italian context by exploring the relationship between biodiversity and the winemaking sector. This chapter first introduces the Italian winemaking sector. It then discusses how biodiversity is defined in th...
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Precision tillage systems
The commercial development of information-intensive precision agriculture technologies has given rise to a number of applications aimed at improving agricultural production through site-specific management, including precision tillage. This chapter describes developments in on-the-go soil strengt...
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Tan spot disease under the lenses of plant pathologists
Necrotrophic plant pathogens pose an important threat to crop production, and many fungi in the Pleosporales have caused the sudden emergence of major epidemics on cereal crops. Tan spot of wheat, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is one example, and since its emergence in the 1970s, scient...
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Viral metagenomics and sugarcane pathogens
Plant viral metagenomics has recently proved effective for studying the collection of plant viruses. The advent of metagenomics-based approaches has led to the discovery and characterization of new plant viruses. This chapter describes the plant virus metagenomics methods developed during the las...
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Smallholder integrated organic farming: how can it work in the tropics?
Organic animal farming in the tropics varies considerably across countries and regions, and comprises many different types of systems with significant variation in the degree to which animals are integrated into the systems. The chapter focuses on the issues associated with keeping animals on org...
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Advances in traceability systems in agri-food supply chains
Failure to deliver safe and high-quality food reduces consumer confidence in the food industry and results in costly food crises, foodborne illnesses and disruption to food supply chains. Recent advances in traceability systems, and associated identification and communication technologies hold th...
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The circular economy and sustainable soybean farming in brazil: an integrated approach
This chapter provides an overview of a circular economy system combined with principles from the International Integrated Reporting Council’s integrated reporting framework. The model proposes that the circular economy and the principles of integrated thinking must be considered at the national l...
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Developing effective phytosanitary measures to prevent the introduction of invasive insect pests
This chapter aims to provide a definition of phytosanitary measures, why they are needed, how standards for phytosanitary measures developed through international cooperation and how they relate to international agreements. It aims to explain how policy decision making and the management of invas...
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Nutritional strategies to boost immune function in pigs
Our understanding of porcine nutrition and immunity has increased dramatically over the last two decades. For the vast majority of nutrients, researchers attempted to demonstrate the potential to improve immunity in pigs. The use of lipopolysaccharide to stimulate the immune system often was used...
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Understanding consumer perceptions and attitudes towards nutrition labels and health claims in food
Healthy food choices have an important role to play in one’s personal health and wellbeing and in the prevention of chronic diseases. Nutrition labels and health claims (NLHCs) on packaged foods are important instruments used by food and health policy makers seeking to reduce the consumption of u...
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Nutrition management of grazing dairy cows in temperate environments
Temperate grass-legume mixes (i.e. pasture) are nutritionally well-balanced and can sustain moderate levels of milk production in dairy cattle. However, pasture is perishable, and if not consumed by cow, it is wasted and the feed quality of the re-growth declines. Moreover, increased use of suppl...
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Key steps in conservation and use of plant genetic resources: an overview
This chapter reviews the key steps in conservation and the use of plant genetic diversity. It begins by providing an example of a model which includes a series of steps starting with the full range of genetic diversity for all the target plant taxa, through the prioritisation of target taxa, the ...
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Nutritional and nutraceutical/functional properties of maize
Maize is the most widely grown crop, which is primarily used for animal feed and food. It is a staple food for a large segment of the world’s population, and it is also used as an industrial raw material. This chapter - reviews the nutritional quality of maize by considering various quality compo...
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Key challenges in developing new fungicides
The use of fungicides to provide effective economic control of plant diseases has been an integral component of crop production systems since their widespread introduction from the 1940s onwards. Despite industry having been very successful in discovering and bringing new fungicides to the market...
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Integration of crop-livestock in conservation agriculture systems
This chapter draws heavily on Brazilian experience, not only because of author affiliations, but due to the fact that Brazil is a current world leader in ICL-CA and in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry management systems under CA (ICLF-CA) adoption and research, currently with 11.5 million hecta...
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Adoption and spread of conservation agriculture in north africa
This chapter examines the adoption and spread of Conservation Agriculture in North Africa. The chapter begins by providing an overview of the geography, soil, climate and farming environment in North Africa before moving on to discuss the importance of agriculture and food security in the North A...
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Management of vegetable conservation agriculture systems
This chapter discusses the principles and practices of no-tillage systems for vegetables (NTV), focusing primarily on tomato, onion and parsley cassava cultivation. It presents research regarding a long-term experiment of NTV for onion with winter crops and the effects on chemical, physical and b...
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Diseases affecting wheat and barley: rusts
Farmers using conventional fungicides for disease control face a number of challenges such as increased regulatory measures and the spread of fungicide resistance. This chapter sums up the wealth of research addressing this challenge, that has targeted understanding rust pathogens better, the dep...
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Key challenges and methods in identifying management zones
Management zones (MZs) are delineated to identify homogenous regions with similar field characteristics and to differentiate the inputs according to the specific needs of the crops within each zone. Delineation of MZs can be based on soil and landscape attributes and/or plant parameters. There ar...
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Measuring and quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities
The accurate assessment of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) for accounting and mitigation options is still a key concern. An extensive body of data is available, but limitations of the different measuring approaches have often been ignored. Despite some constraints, chamber-based appr...
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Developments in breeding vegetables
Breeding for quality and yield in vegetable crops is constrained by consumer preferences and expectations. Vegetable crops are grown primarily for human consumption and are therefore held to higher standards of quality than crops grown for animal feed or fuel. Measures of quality are complex and ...
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Organic greenhouse tomato production
Organic greenhouse tomato cultivation is expanding rapidly to meet consumer demand. This production system endeavours to minimize system inputs and adverse environmental impacts through sustainable water and waste management, limited fossil energy use, nutrient-balanced approaches, and mechanical...
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Towards sustainable plant factories with artificial lighting (pfals): from greenhouses to vertical farms
Plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) have hitherto proved too costly to be economically viable, consuming too much electricity to be considered truly sustainable. However, recent advances are changing this, and the potential advantages of PFALs are making them an attractive option. T...
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Key challenges and developments in non-targeted methods or systems to identify food adulteration
Food fraud is an ongoing global challenge that is amplified by the complexity of supply chain networks and fraudsters becoming more innovative in the way they commit fraud. There is a great need for rapid analytical tools that offer broad product screening. Non-targeted methods provide an approac...
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Reusing and recycling of food waste
This chapter reviews how food waste can be reused and recycled. It begins by providing a definition of ‘reuse’ and ‘recycling’ in terms of food waste and gives examples of ways of dealing with food waste, for example, disposal through landfill or incineration or recycling back into food productio...
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Oomycete and fungal pathogens of soybean
Soybean production faces numerous biotic challenges, leading to significant yield losses each year. This chapter addresses oomycete and fungal pathogens of soybean. Case studies on the oomycete pathogens Phytophthora sojae and Pythium species as well as the true fungi Cercospora sojina, Phakopsor...
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Key challenges in maize breeding in sub-saharan africa
Development, release and commercialization of improved maize varieties has improved tremendously in the last two or three decades in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Nevertheless, major challenges remain; these are described in this chapter, and strategies by which they may be overcome are proposed. Wi...
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Advances in understanding plant root growth regulators
Global food production needs to increase by more than 60% by 2050 while concurrently reducing fertiliser applications to crops to reduce greenhouse emissions, production costs and environmental pollution. This chapter explores the role of hormones on nitrogen and phosphate uptake and responses. I...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of wheat volume 2
Volume 2 discusses ways of improving cultivation from variety selection to post-harvest storage. It reviews trends in integrated crop management, sustainable intensification and organic cultivation before concluding by looking at ways of supporting smallholders in the developing world.
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Advances in understanding plant root anatomy and nutrient acquisition
In this chapter root anatomical traits and trait states, and nutrient acquisition mechanisms, along with the environmental issues affecting nutrient acquisition are summarized. Then, the whole range of adaptations of root anatomical traits, and its impact on nutrient acquisition are discussed. Co...
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Advances in marker-assisted breeding of soybeans
This chapter reviews key developments in marker-assisted breeding of soybean. It begins by discussing types of molecular markers such as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). It then discusses marker assays and genotyping platforms for marker-assisted selection...
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Xanthomonas wilt of banana
Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) is a major banana disease affecting small-holder farms in East and Central Africa. While BXW management practices have been introduced across extensive regions, achieving high levels of disease control and/or eradication has proven difficult. Resurgence of BXW in managed si...
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Modifying the rumen environment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Ruminants were among the first domesticated animals and have been providing food, leather, wool, draft and by-products to humanity for at least 10,000 years. However, rumen methanogens reduce CO2 to CH4 in association with other rumen microbes that generate substrates for methanogenesis. Conseque...
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Developments in agrivoltaics: achieving synergies by combining plants with solar photovoltaic power systems
Agrivoltaics are renewable energy systems that combine food production with electricity generation from solar photovoltaics (PV). Research and development on agrivoltaics has increased steadily in recent years to address the questions: "How is crop production affected under PV panels?" and "How c...
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Wheat pests: introduction, rodents and nematodes
Three major groups of organisms cause biotic stress in wheat: pests, diseases and weeds. This chapter and the chapter that follows are about wheat pests. Three major pest taxa affect wheat: rodents, nematodes and arthropods. Rodents and nematodes are introduced in this first chapter, along with u...
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Poultry welfare monitoring: group-level technologies
Commercial poultry are frequently kept in groups of thousands of individuals where tagging or identifying every bird is logistically impossible. Group, rather than individual, level approaches to assessing their health and welfare are therefore currently the most feasible. This chapter covers the...
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Evaluating the economics of integrated weed management
Integrated weed management (IWM) contributes to the reduction of the use of pesticides and the risks of pesticide use. Novel IWM strategies can have economic consequences for farming systems. To develop alternative weed management strategies that maintain productivity while reducing the environme...
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Improving market access for smallholders
This chapter reviews improving market access for smallholders. It begins by highlighting the challenges faced by smallholders when trying to access markets and moves on to review findings from recent studies on policy interventions to improve access to markets. The chapter concludes by addressing...
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Improving soil and crop nutrition management in sorghum cultivation
This chapter provides an overview of the nutrients needed, quantities of nutrients used and concepts of nutrient management commonly utilized in commercial grain sorghum production. The chapter describes how these concepts can also be applied to subsistence production as practised in much of the ...
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Soil health assessment and maintenance in central and south-central brazil
Brazil has evolved from a food-insecure country in the early 1970s to one of the most important food producers and exporters in the world. Production has increased steadily and productivity gains have fostered a significant land-saving effect. However, wide variations in the landscape, soils, cli...
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Developing drought- and heat-tolerant varieties of grain legumes
Despite the complexity imposed by the polygenic nature of plant tolerance to drought and to heat, significant strides have been made in understanding the underlying response and adaptation of plants to these stresses. Together with advanced and accessible technologies such as next-generation sequ...
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Advances in machine vision technologies for the measurement of soil texture, structure and topography
This chapter examines advances in machine vision technologies for the measurement of soil texture, structure and topography. It starts by providing an overview of the basic principles of machine vision technologies, focusing on areas such as 3D surface modelling and various methods of soil thin s...
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Modelling crop growth and grain yield in maize cultivation
Drought stress, often accompanied by heat stress, is a major problem for maize cultivation, and these stresses are projected to occur more frequently and to be more severe because of global climate change. It is therefore essential to predict likely drought impacts on maize production, which larg...
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Precision agriculture and sugarcane production – a case study from the burdekin region of australia
Precision agriculture (PA) involves the use of spatial information about crop performance and the biophysical characteristics of the production system at the field and sub-field scale, to optimise agronomic management decisions. This chapter uses the case study of a 26.7 ha field in the Burdekin ...
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Preventing mycotoxin contamination in groundnut cultivation
Aflatoxin contamination of crops and food poses a substantial threat to humans and livestock worldwide. Preventing various Aspergillus species from becoming established and growing on peanuts (groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L.) can reduce aflatoxin contamination. This chapter describes factors that...
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Developments in molecular breeding techniques in robusta coffee
As a perennial crop, faster breeding methods are needed for coffee to be able to cope with the challenges of climate change that lie ahead. This chapter focuses on the state of the art of developed molecular tools, characterized traits, quantitative trait loci and candidate genes already describe...
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Instant insights: reducing antibiotic use in dairy production
This collection features three peer-reviewed literature reviews on reducing antibiotic use in dairy production.
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Incubation and chick health
Artificial incubation is an important part of the poultry production chain, both for broilers and layers. Not only because the success of incubation influences the costs of a day old chick, but it also has an influence on the quality of that chick. This quality is a crucial factor for obtaining o...
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Developing bioplastics from agro-industrial wastes for applications in food packaging
This chapter uses the principles of the circular economy to present alternatives to plastic food packaging in order to face the plastic environmental problem. One of the most promising solutions is the substitution of fossil-based polymers for bio-based and biodegradable polymers, among which pol...
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Assessing the environmental impact of swine production
The swine production industry has reduced environmental impacts during the past 50 years due to productivity gains. However, there are increasing demands on our resource base, and we need robust tools to continue to support the best decisions in the face of environmental challenges. This chapter ...
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Integrated pest management (ipm) in greenhouse and other protected environments
Production in greenhouses, high tunnels, and other protected environments is expanding worldwide to allow for more intensive and continual cultivation to mitigate the effects of climate change. Growers want to create conditions that are ideal for the plants to thrive, but these are often the same...
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Meeting individual nutrient requirements to improve nutrient efficiency and the sustainability of growing pig production systems
Precision feeding involves the use of feeding techniques that provide individual animals with diets tailored daily to production objectives (e.g. maximum growth). A method of estimating energy and nutrient requirements by integrating current relevant knowledge on pig metabolism has been developed...
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Genetics and genomics of immunity and disease traits in poultry species
A major current challenge in achieving sustainable poultry production is reducing risk to animal and human health. Strategies to control poultry diseases utilise selective breeding to enhance immunity and disease resistance. However, immune and disease resistance traits are difficult to measure, ...
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Advances in guide rna design for editing plant genomes using crispr-cas systems
This chapter discusses the general rules for selecting target sites for genome editing using the CRISPR-Cas technology and summarizes the bioinformatic tools that can be used to design sgRNA sequences.
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Banana streak disease
The chapter gives an overview of the biology, epidemiology, diagnostics, and control of the banana streak complex of viruses in bananas.
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Accounting for uncertainties in modeling the impact of climate change on agriculture
Model-based climate change impact assessments involve uncertainties given the many physical, biological and socio-economic processes involved and their complexity. Among other things, uncertainties arise from unknown future development of greenhouse gas emissions and uncertainties in climate chan...
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Advances in understanding pathogens contaminating horticultural produce
There is an overall trend in most of the developed countries that confirms the rise in the number of microbial contamination outbreaks associated with fresh products. Major contributing factors are global consumer demand, increasing worldwide trade and the development of new molecular tools that ...
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Laying hen nutrition: optimizing energy intake, egg size and weight
Hen nutrition must address a number of different goals, including maximizing egg production, maintaining egg quality, extending the laying cycle and ensuring hen health and welfare. This chapter focuses on the role of nutrition in optimizing energy intake, egg size and egg weight. It reviews the ...
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Advances in understanding and managing fungal and other diseases of forest trees
Forest diseases are caused by pathogens and they affect all parts of the tree, including roots, stems, and leaves. Forest diseases result in volume losses and decreases in wood quality, which are considered detrimental in stands managed for timber products; however, in the context of a biodiversi...
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Robotics and automation for improving agriculture
Robotics has great potential in improving productivity and precision in agriculture. The book reviews advances in technologies such as machine vision and control systems, as well as applications from crop planting, fertilisation, pest and weed management to livestock production.
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Economic considerations for the development of a carbon farming scheme
This chapter presents the current state of carbon markets and some of the challenges faced by individual producers, private companies and governments interested in carbon farming. The chapter identifies the two primary payment design mechanisms proposed for carbon payments and the complexities fa...
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Modelling biodiversity in agriculture
Models have been widely used in agricultural science to understand complexity, predict the consequence of change and extend knowledge to new scales. ‘Crop modelling’ began in the 1960s and is now well advanced and applied globally, but is restricted to a few economic species. More recently, model...
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Geophysical methods to assess soil characteristics
This chapter explores the use of geophysical methods to assess soil physical characteristics. The chapter begins by reviewing the geophysical properties of soil, such as clay content and organic matter content. It then moves on to discuss the electromagnetic induction method and its application,...
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Optimising pig herd health and production
This collection summarises the wealth of research on optimising pig health to prevent the occurrence and spread of major diseases known to the pig industry, such as African Swine Fever (ASF) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS).
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Nutritional properties and enhancement/biofortification of potatoes
There are a number of factors that make potatoes a logical focus for nutritional breeding efforts. As one of the world’s staple foods, they have a key role to play in improving global food security, largely due to their nutritional value, storability, affordability and high yield. Recent years ha...
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Consumers and food: understanding and shaping consumer behaviour
This collection reviews the wealth of research in understanding consumer food-purchasing behaviour and what this means for farmers, food manufacturers, retailers and policy makers seeking to produce healthier food in a more sustainable way.
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The use of trichoderma spp. to control plant diseases
Trichoderma is one of the most studied genera of ascomycetous fungi due to the beneficial effects it has on plants. Trichoderma spp. are involved in the production of cell wall-degrading enzymes and metabolites with antimicrobial activity. It also produces volatile compounds that act together as ...
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Challenges and opportunities in pear breeding
Although pear (Pyrus spp.) is an economically important fruit worldwide, pear cultivars and production practices have been among the slowest of the temperate fruits to change to meet modern consumer demands and labor-efficient orchard realities. In the United States, the majority of the pear orch...
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Microbial ecology and function of the gastrointestinal tract in layer hens
With the introduction of next-generation sequencing, a more comprehensive identification of the laying hen gastrointestinal tract microbial population has emerged. There are several factors that can influence the composition and function of the layer hen gastrointestinal tract including age of th...
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Fungal diseases of fruit: apple canker in asia
Apple valsa canker (Valsa mali) is mainly distributed in China, Japan, South Korea, and North Korea. It occurs in all apple production areas in China, particularly in the northern cold areas. Apple valsa canker mainly damages the cortex of apple branches, causing the cortex to rot. This chapter d...
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Integrated crop management for cassava cultivation in asia
The demand for cassava in Asia is expected to grow in the years to come, largely because of an increasing demand for animal feed, biofuels and multiple uses of starch. Increasing the quantity and quality of cassava products in response to growing demand requires careful and sustainable increases ...
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Improving cultivation of cowpea in west africa
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a legume crop of vital importance to the livelihoods of millions of people in West and Central Africa, providing a nutritious grain and an inexpensive source of protein for both rural poor and urban consumers. This chapter examines what constitutes an opti...
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Cultivating sugarcane for use in bioenergy applications: key issues
Sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) has high biomass and sucrose accumulation in its stem, making it a favourable feedstock for bioenergy production. This chapter reviews the key issues and challenges faced when expanding sugarcane cultivation for bioenergy, namely, competition with fo...
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Understanding and fostering soil carbon sequestration
This collection reviews the wealth of recent research on important aspects of soil carbon sequestration in different environments and soil types and its contribution to ensuring a positive carbon budget at the farm and landscape level.
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Diversity and genome evolution in coffee
While the worldwide production of coffee relies on a small number of cultivars with reduced diversity, wild coffee trees represent huge reserves of genetic diversity that could help to mitigate the effects of unstable climate and plant diseases, as well as modify the wealth of health-related chem...
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Using models to optimize poultry nutrition
Today’s commercial poultry production is about making decisions and implementing them, the main objective being to maximize profit for the enterprise. Alternative courses of action should be thought of and the consequences of these actions need to be predicted. Animal nutritionists face various p...
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Soil management practices and benefits in conservation agriculture systems
Conservation Agriculture (CA) is known to deliver ecosystem services, maintain the soil potential productivity and improve the resource-use efficiency as well as the natural resources. It adapts to and mitigates climate change and leads to a more efficient use of inputs hence reducing production ...
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Instant insights: economics of agriculture
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the economics of key elements of agriculture, including irrigation, agricultural robotics and integrated weed management.
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Advances in optimising nitrogen-use efficiency in crop production
Globally, the quantity of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to crops is growing rapidly as it replaces the shrinking contribution of soil organic N and meets the demand by higher-yielding crops. On average, crops recover close to half the applied N, so its inefficient management is an increasing pr...
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Rehabilitating degraded and abandoned agricultural lands with conservation agriculture systems
Soil degradation worldwide is a serious concern since global demands for food production and security and environmental preservation have increased substantially. In Brazil, intensive tillage, low soil cover and residue input, monocropping, soil organic matter depletion, erosion, compaction and s...
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Energy-smart pig farming
Pig farming plays an important role in providing protein-rich food for consumers worldwide. Consumers increasingly are demanding food with diminishing negative impacts on the environment which encourages pig farmers to adopt renewable energy and more energy-efficient systems to reduce fossil fue...
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Advances in integrated plant nutrient management
Integrated plant nutrient management (IPNM) based on the combined use of organic amendments and mineral fertilisers was designed to address the concerns of deteriorating soil health and negative yield trends commonly observed with long-term fertiliser use. Yield of most crops obtained by followin...
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Advances in understanding the contribution of weeds to the functioning of agroecosystems
Reduction in herbicide use will trigger changes in weed communities. Improving our capacity to identify farming management options that will lead to weed communities offering interesting trade-offs of functions is thus timely. Functional approaches are offering a robust framework to quantify and ...
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The english grain aphid sitobion avenae
The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), is an economically important insect pest on cereal crops worldwide. Damage by this aphid can be destructive for cereal crops due to its ability to transmit yellow dwarf viruses, and its control often relies on routine application of synthetic ...
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Advances in remote sensing for monitoring grassland and forage production
Obtaining cheap, appropriate and timely information on vegetation will be essential for sustainable and economically viable management of grassland and forage swards in the future. Remote sensing (RS) offers new possibilities to monitor vegetation repeatedly and at large scale, but so far, only a...
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The use of genomic information to improve selection response while controlling inbreeding in dairy cattle breeding programs
This chapter discusses the use of genomic information to improve selection response in dairy cattle breeding programs. It assesses population size and inbreeding, as well as discussing how genetic information can be used to reduce inbreeding. The chapter also provides an understanding of the gene...
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Sugarcane as a renewable resource for sustainable futures
Sugarcane is not only the main source of sucrose but also the world’s most important energy crop with an important role in the global sustainability transition, owing to its high productivity, its concentration in developing and emerging economies and the wide array of commercial products that it...
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Advances in improving the safety and quality of eggs
Global egg production continues to rise in line with increasing consumer demand, with an estimated 1.6 trillion shell eggs produced each year. However, with consumer expectations surrounding food now higher than ever, the sector must ensure that key aspects of egg quality and safety are optimised...
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Understanding pig behaviour
The behavioural patterns of domesticated pigs are well conserved from their ancestors. This suggests that the underlying motivational systems are similar to those of wild boar and feral domestic populations. This chapter describes how commercial conditions, whilst providing some welfare benefits,...
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Instant insights: crop biofortification
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on crop biofortification in agriculture.
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Sugarcane genome sequencing and genetic mapping
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most important crops for producing sugar and bioethanol, and breeding for superior sugarcane cultivars would benefit significantly from available genetic and genomic resources. This chapter explains the difficulties of sequencing and mapping the genome of ...
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Advances and improvements in modeling plant processes
This chapter provides an overview of the advances made historically and today in modeling key plant processes with a focus on the processes associated with carbon acquisition and allocation (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, respiration, and assimilate partitioning), and the timing of plant d...
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Advances in understanding plant root response to weedy root parasites
This chapter addresses advances in understanding plant root responses to weedy root parasites. It begins by reviewing host-parasitic weed interactions, focusing specifically on seed dispersal and germination and the possibility of host infection as a consequence of germination. The chapter then m...
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Valorizing byproducts from broiler processing: biologics and sustainability
Poultry production and processing continue to expand globally. In addition to traditional poultry meat products, a wide range of byproducts are also produced which do not end up as human food. Poultry coproducts are generally classified as edible or nonedible, however, their downstream use depend...
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The genetic basis for pigmentation phenotypes in poultry
There is an extensive variation in plumage color in chicken and each breed of chicken has a characteristic plumage color. Major progress has been made the last 25 years as regards understanding the developmental biology of skin and feathers in birds and also the genetic basis for pigmentation phe...
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Bioactive compounds in oil palm
There is growing evidence for the protective effect of plant bioactives against diseases, and this has led to interest from the functional food and nutraceutical industries for the development of bioactive-enriched food and supplements. The oil palm fruit is a source of both lipid- and water-solu...
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The effects of organic management on greenhouse gas emissions and energy efficiency in livestock production
The central objectives of organic farming are reducing external inputs and increasing long-term sustainability. Whilst there may be local improvements in resource efficiency, the extent to which organic livestock systems contribute to net greenhouse gas mitigation and fossil energy efficiency gai...
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Genetic and other factors affecting wheat quality
Wheat quality derives from interactions between the components of the kernel. In turn these components are themselves collections of multiple sub-components. Many components are under genetic control and are modulated, if not profoundly influenced, by growing conditions. This chapter focuses on t...
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