The swine production industry has reduced environmental impacts during the past 50 years due to productivity gains. However, there are increasing demands on our resource base, and we need robust tools to continue to support the best decisions in the face of environmental challenges. This chapter presents a review of the environmental sustainability impacts of swine production, focused at the farm level because the majority of environmental impacts occur by this stage of the supply chain. Two case studies comparing European and US swine production and the adoption of gestation pens to replace gestation stalls are presented demonstrate the application of life cycle assessments (LCA).