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Instant insights: developing a circular economy
This book provides a detailed overview of how a circular economy can be developed and achieved in agriculture. Chapters consider the importance of closing nutrient loops and the recirculation of materials in both protected and urban environments.
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Advances in organic dairy cattle farming
This collection reviews the wealth of recent research on how organic dairy farming can best meet the key organic principles of health, ecology, fairness and care. The book also considers how the organic dairy sector is addressing challenges such as improving welfare and sustainability.
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Advances in the use of x-ray computed tomography in crop phenotyping
This chapter addresses the technological parts of a CT system used for crop phenotyping. First, all of the hardware components are described and explained. Thus, it is shown how they are utilized for phenotyping purposes. After that, different system setups and ways of acquiring a CT dataset are ...
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Life cycle assessment methodology for agriculture: some considerations for best practices
Life cycle assessment (LCA), a method that originates from the manufacturing industry, is increasingly applied to agricultural systems as a more holistic perspective and approach with respect to managing agricultural product life cycles. However, the practice of applying LCA to agricultural syste...
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Organic grassland
Organic farming makes up an increasing share of agricultural and food systems. Within organic agriculture, grasslands are of particular importance because of their multiple benefits to soils, crops, livestock and ecosystems. In this chapter, we review the multifunctionality of grasslands in the c...
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Advances in sanitising techniques and their assessment for assuring the safety of fresh produce
Fresh produce accounts for the majority of foodborne illness outbreaks and >30% of food waste attributed to premature spoilage. To date, pathogen control has been focused on the pre-harvest stage, in the form of testing and Good Agricultural Practice, given the limited efficacy of post-harvest...
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Improving data access for more effective decision making in agriculture
With the increased amount of data that is collected on agriculture, we live in a time where data seems to be abundant. Through farm equipment and remote sensing, comes the potential for the development of new applications that can help food production and protect against worldwide food insecurity...
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Advances in breeding techniques for durable resistance to spot blotch in cereals
This chapter reviews advances in breeding techniques for durable resistance to spot blotch in cereals. It starts by highlighting the spread, economic importance and the disease cycle of spot blotch. The chapter then goes on to examine the diversity of the pathogen and physiological specialization...
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Addressing gender inequities in accessing agricultural extension and advisory services
Extension and Advisory Services have historically been challenged to meet the needs of both women and men producers in environments where women typically have benefited less. However, there are examples of projects and programs where gender equity in access to these services has been improved. In...
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Advances in microbial control in ipm: entomopathogenic viruses
Although there are several families of viruses known to include insect pathogens, only a handful are recognised to have species with any potential of being biopesticides. The majority of these are baculoviruses and are an ideal component of an integrated pest management (IPM) programme, as they a...
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Agriculture and the environment: ethical issues
Everyone involved in agriculture has a responsibility for ensuring that they are aware of the ethical dimensions of their practices and act accordingly. In this manner, the impacts that agriculture have on the environment deserve critical ethical attention. The emergence of sustainability as a vi...
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The use of exogenous enzymes to optimize gut function in pigs
Exogenous enzymes are used in pig diets to improve the availability and digestibility of some non-accessible nutrients. As result of this enhanced digestion, short fragments of these molecules may become available in the distal foregut and the hindgut and modulate microbiota composition, gut barr...
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Harmful compounds in coffee
In recent years, public health issues in the food industry have led to regulations concerning contaminants in foodstuffs, including coffee. Four main types of compound are known to contaminate coffee. First, pesticides come from agricultural treatments, transport and storage. Ochratoxin A is the ...
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Ensuring and exploiting the genetic diversity of sugarcane
The majority of cultivars in current commercial sugarcane breeding programmes trace back to a few key interspecific hybrids that were developed during the early 1900s. Sugarcane breeders have expressed concerns about the narrow sampling of ancestral clones in modern sugarcane breeding programmes,...
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Cocoa plant propagation techniques to supply farmers with improved planting materials
The availability of high-performance planting materials to cocoa farmers is an important part of a package of measures to improve the productivity of cocoa farms and thus the sustainability of the cocoa economy. This chapter reviews the methods, advantages and challenges of techniques of mass pro...
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Developments in monitoring grazing behaviour and automated grazing management in extensive systems
This chapter provides an overview of the development and use of information technology to improve the management and welfare of grazing livestock under extensive systems. It discusses the evolution of grazing management through the animal/pasture interface, and the development and application of ...
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Advances in understanding behavioral needs and improving the welfare of calves and heifers
Management factors affecting dairy calves have broad impacts on behavioral development and implications for long-term welfare, and research in this area is increasingly focused on understanding the behavioral needs of the calf, to refine management and improve understanding of welfare. In this ch...
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Instant insights: drought-resistant crops
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on drought-resistant crops.
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Breeding, delivery, use and benefits of bio-fortified cassava
Cassava’s high caloric value, as well as its ability to tolerate dry conditions and poor soils, makes it a key food security crop in developing countries, particularly in Africa. It serves as a rich source of carbohydrates, and also contains appreciable amounts of calcium and vitamin C. However, ...
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Biodiversity as a prerequisite of sustainable organic farming
Over the last century, the intensification of agriculture with high inputs of synthetic pesticides and fertilisers combined with monocrop specialisation has been detrimental to the diversity of genetic resources of crop varieties and livestock breeds, to the wild flora and fauna species and to th...
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The rumen microbiota and its role in dairy cow production and health
Ruminants have a complex microbial community inhabiting their gastrointestinal tract. In particular, rumen microbiota converts lignocellulose material to nutrients and energy, which dictate to the animal’s performance through a host–microbe symbiotic relationship. Owing to their significant role ...
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Instant insights: poultry housing systems
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on poultry housing systems.
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Crop modelling to support sustainable sugarcane cultivation
The chapter describes the use of crop simulation models to support research and management of sustainable cultivation of sugarcane. It supplies case studies of strategic applications, including benchmarking of crop productivity and resource use and assessing environmental impacts of current opera...
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Closed-loop combined crop-livestock farming systems
The global demand for animal-sourced foods has led to an expansion and intensification of livestock production, resulting in complex environmental and ecological challenges. In the 1960s and 1970s, leys played a crucial role in cropping systems. However, the pursuit of increased production to mee...
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Practical application of integrated pest management to control cabbage root fly in vegetables
In north-western Europe cabbage root fly is considered to be an important pest of Brassica crops. Root fly larvae mainly feed on roots of Brassica vegetable crops causing damage and eventually crop loss. Pest damage consequently results in considerable economic losses for these crops. Due to the...
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Understanding and improving the functional and nutritional properties of milk
This collection reviews and summarises our current understanding of the functional and nutritional properties of milk to ensure it can be optimised both as a food and as a key ingredient in dairy products.
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Trickle irrigation systems
Trickle irrigation is the practice of dripping water into soil at very low rates, using outlets placed closed to the plant to ensure targeted application to the root zone. Since the 1950s, trickle irrigation technology has become increasingly advanced and widespread. It is believed that the techn...
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Advances in the genetic modification of oil palm
Transgenic crop modification uses recombinant DNA methods to alter gene expression in order to create new varieties for breeders that may be either difficult or impossible to produce using conventional approaches. Over the past few decades, transgenic methods have been successfully applied to dev...
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Modelling climate change impacts on livestock production
As other sectors continue to decarbonise, achieving climate change targets is particularly challenging for agriculture. This is primarily the result of livestock production systems (LPS), namely intensive ruminant production systems. LPS account for ~14.5 percent of all anthropogenic GHG emission...
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What is ‘drought stress’ and what are options to increase crop yield?
‘Drought’ is vague and ill-defined term that fails to account for the temporal dynamics through the growing seasons due to variable weather conditions, soil water status, plant development stage, and crop growth conditions. These variables all lead to an infinity of responses to water deficit. ...
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Biodiversity reporting in the fast-food industry
The fast-food industry has a significant impact on global biodiversity. The industry members are well placed to address these impacts through initiatives encouraging no-net-loss/net-gain biodiversity policies. A review of prior academic research identifies the key challenges faced by the fast-foo...
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Developments in diagnostic techniques for cereal pathogens
Cereal pests and diseases can significantly reduce potential crop yields. Correct and timely identification in-field is key to their control. This chapter summarizes and evaluates some of the many available methods for detection of pests and diseases, ranging from classical methods of plant patho...
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Optimising the health of weaned piglets
The weaning period is a very stressful event for the piglet that can impact the health, welfare and performance. This period of transition is characterized by the adaptation of newly weaned piglets to their new environment, diet, changing in their immunological status and pathogens circulation th...
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The potential of somatic embryogenesis for commercial-scale propagation of elite cacao varieties
Plant tissue culture can be used to speed up the development and deployment of genetically improved genotypes. Research conducted by multiple groups for over 25 years has led to the development of protocols for efficient somatic embryogenesis (SE) of cacao. This chapter provides a synthesis of pu...
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Improving safe consumer handling of fresh produce
This chapter focuses on improving safe confumser handling of fresh produce. It begins by first discussing consumer produce consumption, drawing specific attention to the consumption of high risk produce items. The chapter then moves on to review pathogens isolated from produce samples, which is f...
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Critical issues in plant health: 50 years of research in african agriculture
This collection summarises 50 years of research on plant health by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) to improve the health of crops in Africa. It will be a standard reference on improving the management of pests and diseases in developing countries.
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Theory of genome-wide association for qtl detection
To identify the regions on the genome that influence traits, Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) uses the information of Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) between a QTL and neighboring genetic markers. LD is created by mutations and recombinations, but populations mixture also generates gametic phase ...
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Sorghum breeding for biotic stress tolerance
Sorghum breeding is poised to take advantage of remarkable advances in genomics and molecular technologies. Thus, while classical breeding methods have been successful in identifying and incorporating resistance to biotic stresses, this chapter will feature the use of the new tools and technologi...
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Advances in turfgrass for athletic fields and sports pitches
This chapter examines advances in turfgrass breeding and genetics for the purpose of athletic fields and sports pitches. The chapter first discusses the most appropriate types of species and cultivar for this, focusing on how improvements can be made to both warm-season and cool-season turfgrass....
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Advanced hydroponics design for plant cultivation in cities
The growth of the world urban population altogether with the detrimental effects of climate change and resource scarcity are currently exerting extreme pressure on our food systems. Innovation in vegetable crop production is being driven by plant cultivation technologies that are independent of s...
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Assessing and modelling the costs of on-farm distributed renewable energy systems
This chapter describes the most relevant costs assessment methodologies and the state-of-the-art research lines regarding the cost of on-farm distributed renewable energy systems (on-farm DG-RES). The analysis of the costs of on-farm DG-RES can be looked at from the perspective of “private” or “p...
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Solar energy conversion, oxygen evolution and carbon assimilation in cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae
This chapter focuses on the solar energy conversion in light harvesting and light-driven electron transport for production of reducing power for CO2 fixation in prokaryotic cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae.
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Predicting the effect of climate change on sugarcane cultivation
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) can be used to produce ethanol and biomass for energy generation, as part of a climate change mitigation policy. It is also an important crop from a food security perspective, with almost 75% of the world's sugar coming from sugarcane plantations. In this chapter we rev...
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Modeling climate change impacts on crop growth and yield formation
The aim of this chapter is to briefly illustrate current practices in modeling crop yield as a response to climate change and what has been learnt so far, especially in terms of multi-model assessment and comparisons. For additional information, readers are directed to the “Where to look for furt...
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Digestion of milk protein and milk fat
Milk is a nutrient-rich and well-balanced food containing high-quality proteins with super-digestibility. The dairy products produced from milk make an important contribution to the total dietary supply of nutrients. However, the digestion and absorption of nutrients not only is based on the high...
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Nutritional strategies to reduce emissions from waste in pig production
Emissions of ammonia, odour and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from livestock housing and storage and application of manure are major concerns in the environmental sustainability of pig production. This chapter addresses dietary strategies to reduce these emissions. It examines in detail the relationshi...
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Understanding gut function in poultry: the role of commensals, metabolites, inflammation and dysbiosis in intestinal immune function and dysfunction
Study of the importance of the microbiome to health and susceptibility to diseases has become a leading area of research in poultry science in recent years. The microbiota is emerging as a fundamental force influencing diverse aspects of avian physiology. This chapter examines intestinal immunity...
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Advances in understanding the nutritional value of lipids in wheat
Lipids are a small component in the wheat grain composition (2-4%) and roughly, two thirds (66%) of them are contained in the germ, 15% are in the bran and particularly in the aleuronic layer, whereas about 20% are distributed in the endosperm, partly within the starch granules. They include a va...
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Uses and health benefits of chestnuts
Production and consumption of chestnut has shown a steady increase in recent years, driven by both increased consumer awareness about food composition and the health benefits of a nut-rich diet. This chapter provides an overview of the uses and health benefits of chestnuts (Castanea spp.). Starti...
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Understanding feed and water intake in poultry
Feed and water efficiency are two vital economic and agricultural traits. Selection for phenotypic feed efficiency has tremendously improved livestock productivity over the past 50 years. However, there have been a number of undesirable changes in the regulation of energy homeostasis and probably...
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Understanding and preventing seafood loss and waste
Food loss and waste causes environmental pollution, food insecurity, health problems and substantial economic losses. Seafood products provide excellent sources of high quality proteins, essential amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, and generate large quantities of by-products not in...
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Understanding and identifying bacterial disease in swine
Infections with bacterial pathogens have a significant impact on the health, well-being and performance of pigs worldwide. Infections are responsible for antimicrobial use, and therefore, increase the risk for the development of antimicrobial resistance. Some bacterial pathogens in swine are also...
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Ecosystem services delivered by tropical forests: regulating services of tropical forests for climate and hydrological cycles
Global warming is significantly altering the environmental conditions in which forests grow at a global scale. At the local scale, the impact of global warming on forests depends heavily on current forest type and structure, soil conditions and water availability (Figure 1). Managing forests for ...
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Insect-transmitted viral diseases infecting tomato crops
Many viruses transmitted by insects cause great damage to tomato crops in the field and in the greenhouse, seriously damaging tomato production in many regions of the globe. Management of insect transmitted tomato viruses is a race between the emergence of new viruses coupled with the proliferati...
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Advances in phenotyping to identify drought-resistance traits in cereal roots
This chapter examines advances in phenotyping to identify drought-resistance traits in cereal roots. The chapter first describes current root phenotyping strategies and challenges, which is then followed by an overview of important root traits to improve drought adaptation, such as root system ar...
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Advances in physical control methods in ipm
The evidence is mounting for pesticide failures on many fronts, including environmental contamination and pest resistance to chemical products. As an alternative, physical management methods are environmentally friendly, are not subject to the development of resistance, leave no residues and requ...
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Fair-trade coffee: how fair is fair?
An important aspect of sustainability that needs discussion is a fair income for producers and laborers involved in agriculture. This chapter discusses what ‘fair’ means and the approach used by some major Voluntary Sustainability Standards to calculate ‘fair’ prices for producers. This is follow...
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Ecological intensification of banana production systems
Bananas have a bright cropping future – a high diversity of cultivars in taste, aroma and texture, all with recognized health properties and cropping methods offering soil protection, minimal tillage and adaptation to a wide range of climates, even with climate change. However, growers face deman...
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Optimising foot health in dairy cattle
This chapter examines optimising foot health in dairy cattle. The chapter begins by reviewing the importance of lameness then goes on to discuss claw horn disruption. It also reviews aetiopathogensis of white line bruising and lesions, which is then followed by a section on aetiopathogensis and c...
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Quality defects associated with poultry muscle development: wooden breast
The increasing consumer demand for poultry meat has led to intensive breeding programs to achieve higher growths rate and high breast yields in modern chickens, indirectly resulting in the occurrence of growth-related muscular abnormalities. Among these, wooden breast (WB) is characterized by bul...
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Advances in developing vaccines for emerging diseases in pigs
The rise of emerging and re-emerging infectious pig diseases is due to various complex factors, including natural processes of natural selection of pathogens, changes in the environment and an increased ability to diagnose new pathogens. These diseases are considered a major threat to the global ...
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Sustainable soybean production research and practice: contrasting case studies from three soybean production areas
Good agricultural practices (GAPs) vary within and among production systems. Improved production technology and favourable weather result in increased productivity in many parts of the world, but not everywhere. Our objective here is to address the question of whether we produce soybean sustainab...
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The use of agricultural robots in crop spraying/fertilizer applications
Spraying pesticides is a main element of agriculture worldwide, since 30% to 35% of crop losses can be prevented when harmful insects and diseases are eliminated by applying pesticides. A robotic sprayer can help reduce pesticide application while removing the human operator from the hazardous pe...
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Advances in molecular breeding techniques for barley: targeted induced local lesions in genomes (tilling)
TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) is a reverse genetics method which identifies individuals carrying allelic variants at a gene of interest, within a chemically mutagenized population. TILLING has a number of positive features, including the capacity to provide the investigator...
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Advances in using robots in forestry operations
Forestry operations have a role to play in the supply of fossil-free raw material to present and future bio-economies. Advances in automation will enable forestry operations to be conducted in a more sustainable way, with better consideration of economic, ecological and ergonomic requirements. Th...
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Instant insights: sensor technologies in livestock monitoring
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on sensor technologies in livestock monitoring.
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Instant insights: biofertiliser use in agriculture
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of biofertilisers in agriculture to optimise plant and soil health, focussing on the use of treated wastes, animal manure, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.
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The palm oil market: growth and trends
For many years, palm oil has proved to be the most productive, highest yielding oil crops, with a yield 4 to 10 times higher than any other vegetable oil, a factor that has helped palm oil become the most consumed vegetable oil in the world. This chapter provides an overview of oil palm cultivati...
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Landscape models to support sustainable intensification of agroecological systems
Intensification of agriculture to meet the growing demand of food and renewable resources is contrasted with a decrease in species diversity, pollution in water bodies and a decline in freshwater resources. To protect our resources, the natural functioning of ecosystems and the diversity of lands...
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Nutritional and health effects of coffee
An increasing number of studies have shown that, in spite of its nutritional limitations, coffee is a complex mixture of bioactive substances that may act together to help prevent diseases when consumed in a proper way. This chapter reviews the literature on the nutritional and health-related asp...
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Integrated pest management (ipm) of nematodes
Limited and fragmented information is available about long-term research efforts that demonstrate the value and impact of integrated pest management to combat nematodes. This particularly applies to major cereal (maize, wheat and rice) and leguminous (peanut, soybean and sunflower) crops on which...
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Meeting amino acid requirements in pig nutrition
Protein is one of the major components of the pig’s body, and dietary protein is the sole source of essential amino acids required for the protein synthesis for body maintenance, growth and reproduction. The protein synthesis is limited when there is a deficiency of any amino acid, and it is ther...
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Factors affecting the colour and texture of pig meat
In pork, colour and texture are the two most significant factors influencing consumer perceptions of quality. It is therefore important to understand the many factors that can affect pork colour and texture, because these factors influence purchasing decisions. Furthermore, those in charge of mar...
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Crop disease control efficacy and selection for resistance: two sides of the same coin?
Fungicides are used to control plant disease, so any resistance management strategy of practical relevance needs to provide effective disease control. In general, a more intense treatment programme, with higher dosages and/or more applications will exert a higher selection pressure to the pathoge...
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Integrated pest management for sustainable rice cultivation: a holistic approach
This chapter describes a holistic approach to integrated pest management (IPM) using knowledge of the natural regulation of herbivore and weed populations and of natural succession in agricultural wetlands. It draws attention to the drivers of change in rice production systems, the forms that fut...
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Instant insights: ecosystem services delivered by forests
This collection provides a considered overview of the range of ecosystem services delivered by tropical, temperate and boreal forests. Chapters explore the role of forests in storing carbon, improving hydrological cycles and optimising soil health.
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Preventing bacterial diseases in dairy cattle
A paradigm shift in the management of bacterial diseases of food animals is needed; a shift from pharmacologic interventions to disease risk identification and mitigation. The interaction between disease and its risk factors follows the disease triangle, a conceptual model that incorporates host,...
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The impact of climate change on wheat insect pests: current knowledge and future trends
Assessments of sustainability of wheat production systems under climate change must eventually include projected impacts on pests, weeds and diseases. Generating these projections is challenging because of the various mechanisms by which climate change can influence prevalence and impacts of thes...
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Evaluating and improving rootstocks for apple cultivation
The foundations of a productive and healthy orchard are the rootstocks that provide anchorage, water and nutrients essential to the above-ground portions of the trees. Utilization of composite trees has increased the efficiency of breeding productive apple trees by dividing the selection of scion...
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Advances in insect pest management in postharvest storage of cereals: novel techniques
Irradiation is a viable alternative to fumigation as a pre- or post-shipment quarantine treatment for control of stored product insects and pathogens in cereals and grains. Electron beam (e-beam) and x-ray are machine sources of ionizing radiation that avoid the problems associated with the trans...
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Future outlook on microbial bioprotectants in agriculture
Microbial bioprotectants have the potential to play a major role in the future of crop protection. Agriculture needs to become more sustainable and still provide food security within planetary borders. New technologies and scientific discoveries can unravel the interactions between the plant, the...
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Welfare issues in poultry housing and management: broilers
More than 60 billion of broilers are reared and slaughtered for meat production yearly. The majority of broilers worldwide is housed indoors in floor systems and is of a fast-growing breed. Welfare problems have been associated with their efficient growth, the rearing environment and flock manage...
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Animal and on-farm factors affecting sheep and lamb meat quality
Ensuring meat quality is key returning value from sheep production around the world. Meat quality attributes inform customers’ purchasing decisions and define the eating experience of the consumer. Meat quality incorporates appearance traits such as the meat or fat colour and palatability charact...
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Sustainable nutrition management of dairy cattle in intensive systems
When measuring the sustainability of a dairy farm, one should take into account its technical and economic performance, its stewardship of natural resources, and the norms and policies of the society in which the farm operates. This means that managing dairy herd nutrition depends not only on mee...
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Integrated disease management in mango cultivation
Mango, Mangifera indica L., is affected by a great number of fruit, foliar, stem and root diseases. This chapter covers diseases that seriously impact the crop. Their significance, geographical distribution and history are outlined, and the symptoms, causal agent(s) and epidemiology of each are...
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Cover crops for sustainable soil management
This book provides a comprehensive review of the wealth of research on the varied roles of cover crops as a key tool in regenerative agriculture, how best to deploy them, as well as optimising use of different classes of cover crops in promoting soil health.
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Modelling and decision support systems in precision agriculture
Decision support systems (DSSs) are computerized systems, including models and databases, for decision-making purposes. In a precision agriculture (PA) framework, spatial and temporal requirements for DSSs are of particular importance but dealing with uncertainties and human aspects leading to ad...
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The role of global investors in protecting natural capital and delivering ecosystem services within agriculture, food and other land use value chains
This chapter summarises key sector developments and challenges, outlines the ‘five pillars of a sustainable food system’ and points to the role of financial markets products and investor engagement initiatives as potential enablers for medium- to longer-term transformative solutions in the sector.
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Best management practices for pollinator protection in us apple production
This chapter describes a set of pollinator best management practices (BMPs) for US apple production. The primary goal is to provide guidance for growers, crop consultants and regulators on pollinator protection in apple orchards. This guidance considers practical production needs. In the long ter...
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Advances in sequence technologies for generating poultry gut microbiome data
The important role of the microbiome in the immune system, nutrient digestion, and disease diagnosis and prevention has been well documented in both humans and animals. In poultry, the microbiome community changes between different organs, and the perturbation of gut microbiota can lead to intest...
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Deficit irrigation and site-specific irrigation scheduling techniques to minimize water use
Today, more than ever, efficient use of water by the agricultural sector is critical to sustaining national and global food security in both irrigated and rainfed regions. Implementing deficit irrigation (DI) strategies and site-specific irrigation management can improve crop water productivity w...
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Managing dry cow udder health
The dry period lays a foundation for a successful next lactation, especially from the udder health perspective. It is a high-risk period for acquiring new intramammary infections (IMI), but it also provides an excellent opportunity for eliminating existing subclinical infections. The way cows are...
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The emergence of cassava as a global crop
This chapter outlines current knowledge about cassava’s origin in Amazonia and summarizes the history of its introduction and diffusion in the Old World. The chapter examines the evolution of the traits that led to its success, focusing on two aspects under-appreciated by cassava breeders, extens...
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Instant insights: life cycle assessment (lca) of crops
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on life cycle assessment (LCA) of crops.
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Genome editing in sorghum
Genetic engineering plays a key role in plant functional research and genetic improvement. A novel and powerful gene editing technique, CRISPR/Cas9, which was developed from a type II bacterial immune system, opened up a new era in precision genetic engineering in plants. This technique is based ...
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Mapping and isolation of major resistance genes in cereals
Diseases caused by pathogenic viruses, bacteria, oomycetes, and fungi are a major threat to cereal production worldwide. However, cereal plants have evolved a plethora of disease resistance genes to combat such threats. This genetic resistance forms an essential component of plant protection and ...
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The role of the svalbard global seed vault in preserving crop genetic diversity
Genetic material in individual genebanks is potentially vulnerable to being lost (e.g. through conflict or a natural disaster). One important and simple security measure is to ensure that samples of these valuable genetic materials are conserved in more than one place. In this context, the Svalb...
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Reconciling agricultural production with biodiversity conservation
The first part of this volume assesses general issues such as landscape approaches, mapping and assessing the economic value of biodiversity. Part 2 reviews management practices promoting biodiversity such as field margins, hedgerows, improved pasture management and agroforestry.
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Understanding gut microbiota in poultry
Research has shown that gut microbiota; the bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi and viruses that reside within the gastrointestinal tract, has a profound effect on the health and productivity of poultry. This chapter outlines what is known about the establishment and development of the gut microbi...
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Maintaining soil fertility and health in organic crop cultivation
Maintaining the health and fertility of our soils is central to the productivity of farming systems because of the key role that both health and fertility play in crop production. The links between soil health and the health consumers (both animal and human) and the wider ecosystem are important ...
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