Forest trees occupy a central place among lignocellulosic plants, in terms of both abundance of wood they produce each year and also generating a variety of other biological tissues. This chapter focusses on new processes and new applications of wood polymers, notably uses of lignins. The chapter considers the three major biopolymers: celluloses, hemicelluloses and lignins. The chapter focusses particularly on polymers, notably lignins, as the wood constituents are the richest carbon sources of all lignocellulosic polymers and the most important aromatic polymers on earth. Finally, the chapter looks ahead to future research trends in this area.