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Biofortification of maize
Biofortification refers to the process of enhancing the micronutrient density of crops. It emerged as a response to the public health problem of micronutrient malnutrition, referred to as hidden hunger, which seriously affects millions of people worldwide. The premise of biofortification is that ...
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) as plant biostimulants in agriculture
Plants must tolerate and grow under a wide variety of environmental conditions. It is clear that the phytomicrobiome supports plant growth under normal and stressful growing conditions and these functions are carefully regulated. The phytomicrobiome can promote plant growth under normal growing c...
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The use of mid-infrared spectral data to predict traits for genetic selection in dairy cattle
Even in the era of genomic selection, relevant phenotypes are still needed and therefore phenotyping through the precise monitoring of the status of the cows, and their health, behaviour, and well-being as well as their environmental impact and the quality of their products is essential. The arri...
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Modelling the impact of climate change on agriculture in east asia
This chapter briefly summarizes the estimated impact of historical and future climate changes on major food crop production (e.g., rice, wheat, maize) across the primary production regions of East Asia.
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Rumen metabolomics – a powerful tool for discovery and understanding of rumen functionality and health
The rumen is a complex ecosystem essential for the health and productivity of ruminants. Metabolomics is an emerging technology, with rumen metabolomics research generating important data offering insights into the metabolites present in the rumen, and the factors affecting the rumen microbiome a...
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Modeling the impact of climate change on agriculture in latin america
This chapter provides an overview of crop modeling in three Latin American countries: Chile, Colombia and Brazil. It assesses model characteristics, strengths and weaknesses and areas for future development. The chapter includes developments in modelling the impact of climate change on key crops:...
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Conservation and distribution of cassava
Significant germplasm collections of cassava (Manihot esculenta) have been established in international and regional genebanks and have been used extensively by plant breeders. This chapter describes both ex situ and in situ techniques of conserving cassava genetic material. The chapter demonstra...
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Nutritional strategies to minimize emissions from sheep
Agricultural production accounts for 10–12% of global annual greenhouse gas emissions, with livestock production (including sheep) being the most important contributing factor within this sector. The largest single contributor to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions is methane produced during en...
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Leg disorders in poultry: bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (bco)
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is widely recognized as one of the most common causes of lameness in broilers. This chapter starts by summarizing the pathogenesis of BCO. Experimental models that successfully trigger BCO are then reviewed. Sources of bacteria that infect the bo...
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Developing climate-based decision support systems from agricultural systems models
Decision Support Systems (DSSs) in production agriculture are computer software programs that make use of models and other information to make site-specific recommendations for farm management-related activities. Major advances have been made in developing DSS for agriculture, particularly with r...
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Poultry welfare monitoring: wearable technologies
This chapter reviews poultry welfare monitoring, specifically focusing on wearable technologies. It begins by discussing the use of radio-frequency identification technology (RFID) systems in chickens and other housing systems. The chapter then goes on to address wearable sensors and acceleromete...
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Sustainable use of switchgrass for biofuel
Switchgrass, a productive, perennial warm-season grass, native to much of North America, has much potential as a sustainable biofuel crop. The species is productive, has capacity to sequester carbon, and it offers supporting services such as filtering water and provisioning of wildlife habitat. C...
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Modelling the environmental impacts of pesticides in agriculture
The active ingredients of pesticides, which are widely applied in agriculture worldwide, are important contributors to global human and ecological health burden. Modelling emissions and related human toxicity and ecotoxicity impacts of agricultural pesticides in environmental and life cycle asses...
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as biostimulants for sustainable crop production
Several functions of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interactions constitute the ecological services of the symbiosis which are the basis for their application as biostimulants. The bi-directional nutrient exchange between the mycorrhizal partners, the contribution of AM fungi to the quality of soils...
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Optimizing production of quality nursery plants for fruit tree cultivation
It is now possible to purchase specific nursery tree types that are more compatible with an intended training system, improving planting efficiency and encouraging early production. Although single axis, well-feathered scions suitable for high-density spindle training systems have dominated nurse...
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Optimising sow and piglet welfare during farrowing and lactation
Optimising welfare in the farrowing and lactation environment involves resolving the concerns regarding continued use of close confinement systems, such as the farrowing crate for the sows and the lack of provision of environmental enrichment to provide for behavioural needs. For piglets the main...
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Diversity in the genetic resources of oil palm
Oil palm planting materials are based on an extremely narrow genetic base, and it has been generally recognized that the narrowness of the gene pool is a major obstacle towards increasing yields in many crops including oil palm. This chapter discusses the rather narrow genetic base of current bre...
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Soil texture and structure: role in soil health
Soil texture is a major parameter in quantifying basic soil properties. Healthy soils are well aggregated and provide a continuous pore system with high surface accessibility. They are well aerated, contain sufficient plant available water and provide a reliable filter and buffer capacity. This c...
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Biological indicators of soil health in organic cultivation
This chapter reviews the range of physical, chemical and biological indicators of soil health and how they can be used in practice, in this case focussing on measuring soil health in organic vegetable cultivation and, in particular, the effects of adding organic amendments to soil. Measures inclu...
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Integrated weed management techniques for rice
Global food production must increase in order to meet the needs of the world’s growing population. In order to improve productivity in rice cultivation, it is essential to recognize the problems caused by biological constraints such as weeds, and then to evolve and implement appropriate strategie...
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Advances in understanding the development of defences against pathogens in the chicken egg
The egg is naturally equipped with a range of natural defences that protect the embryo from bacterial contamination throughout its development. Starting with a reminder of how the egg forms, this chapter aims to provide the reader with an overview of how the different components of the egg contri...
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Soil organic carbon sequestration and climate change
Anthropogenic activities, in particular the burning of fossil fuels and land use changes, have resulted in a substantial increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, which are causing measurable climate change. Climate change directly affects agricultural production and food security th...
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Identifying and managing plant health risks for key african crops: cassava
The long history of cassava as a hardy crop, relatively free from diseases and pests’ attacks, ended in the 1970s when the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti and the cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa invaded Africa and devastated the crop to the point of wiping it out as was the case w...
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The economics of precision agriculture
This chapter reviews data on the use of precision agriculture (PA) in agronomic crops production, examines whether economic research has correctly predicted PA technologies adopted by farmers and identifies several PA technologies that recent economic research has identified as having profit and...
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Determinants of egg appearance and colour
It is essential for the consumer to select those types of eggs that are safe, nutritious and tasty. In this chapter, we begin by giving an overview of consumer decisions about whether to eat eggs and if so, which eggs to purchase. This includes reviewing regional differences in preferences and pu...
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Automation and robotics in greenhouses
This chapter provides an overview of the state of the art of automation technology in protected cultivation and looks ahead to future directions for achieving further progress in this field. The chapter provides a generic description of the greenhouse crop production process and then uses it as a...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of hemp
The global industrial hemp market is estimated to reach $18.6 billion by 2027, with hemp now recognised as a more sustainable crop due to its ability to absorb and store up to twice as much carbon as trees. Despite its versatility, there remains significant concerns surrounding its regulation, as...
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The interaction between gut microbiota and pathogens in poultry
The poultry gut harbours a diverse microbiota, which plays a pivotal role in host nutrient utilization and health. Although the majority of this microbiota is commensal bacteria, pathogens are also present. Commensal and pathogenic microbes interact with each other, either positively or negativel...
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Advances in maize post-harvest management
One of the key constraints to improving food and nutritional security in the developing world is poor post-harvest management, which leads to loss of grains. Improved post-harvest management at farm level is crucial, as it directly impacts on poverty alleviation, food, nutrition and income securi...
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Biofortified golden rice: an additional intervention for vitamin a deficiency
This chapter reviews the development of ‘Golden Rice’, a biofortified variety with enhanced β-carotene designed as a health intervention to help alleviate the problem of vitamin A deficiency (VAD). It also reviews the origins of Golden Rice, product development, as well as current challenges, to ...
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Advances in flood-tolerant varieties of soybean
Flooding is a serious abiotic stress that drastically causes soybean yield loss around the world. As a result, a large number of studies have been conducted to understand soybean responses to flooding on agronomic, morphological, physiological and molecular levels. This chapter summarizes current...
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Developing macroalgae and microalgae as feed for fish
The rapid expansion of aquaculture industry is severely restricted by the shortage of key feed ingredients such as fishmeal and fish oil. Application of marine plants (macro and microalgae) as dietary ingredients could potentially overcome the limitation of key feed ingredients used in aquafeed. ...
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Quality defects associated with poultry muscle development: spaghetti meat
Spaghetti meat (SM) is a recently recognized myopathy that occurs in the Pectoralis major of modern fast-growing broilers. The SM abnormality is characterized by loss of muscle structural integrity and loosely separated muscle fibers and bundles. This condition causes significant economic losse...
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Advances in seed phenotyping using x-ray imaging
In this chapter, we propose a panel of the imaging techniques dedicated to seed phenotyping. While review articles exist for most of these imaging techniques, X-Ray imaging, which can be considered as the most important one, still lacks of a synthetic overview. This is the focus on X-Ray imaging ...
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Developments in humane slaughtering techniques for poultry
Stunning of animals before slaughtering is now gaining global acceptance. It is being recognized as a humane slaughtering technique. This chapter discovers that cruelty to animals can be prevented and animals can be well protected by induction of unconsciousness as the first and enduring stage of...
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Inspection techniques for poultry slaughterhouse operations: the case of the european union
Poultry slaughter includes complex and challenging operations from a food safety point of view. The food business operator (FBO) is responsible for identifying food safety risks and ensuring that food safety legislation is followed. This chapter considers the goals and prerequisites of successful...
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Fungal diseases affecting oil palm
Oil palm is prone to attack by a number of fungal diseases such as basal stem rot (BSR), Fusarium wilt (vascular wilt) and bud rot disease. To date, only partial resistance materials have been identified for BSR. This chapter provides further insights on the BSR that is a major problem for planta...
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Safety management on the poultry farm
Transmission and colonization of poultry pathogens and infectious diseases can be controlled, and the colonization of major zoonotic pathogens in the poultry can be minimized, through better farm safety management, phytosanitary measures and a pre-harvest Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Poin...
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Microbial quality and spoilage of raw cow’s milk
Milk, which is a basic component of the human diet since millennia worldwide, is rich in all kind of nutrients, thus comprises an excellent growth substrate for both beneficial and harmful microorganisms. As a result, milk contains numerous microorganisms deriving either from the animal itself or...
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‘towards’ sustainability of dairy farming: an overview
There are many challenges to be faced in making dairy farming sustainable for feeding 9–10 billion people by 2050. This chapter defines what sustainability may mean for the dairy industry and assesses the current sustainability of dairy farming today, before going on to consider visions for a sus...
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Improving soil management in sugarcane cultivation
This chapter identifies the most important soil management practices for sugarcane cultivation and provides information on the practices used by important cane-producing countries in the world. The chapter focuses on field management of soil for optimum sugarcane production, and covers such areas...
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Allergens in soybean
Soybean protein is one of the most significant sources of food allergens and intolerance, causing both IgE-mediated allergy and food protein-induced endocolitis syndrome (FPIES). This chapter first discusses the mechanisms causing allergies and infantile food intolerance. It reviews what we know ...
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Direct plant protection in organic farming
In organic farming, plant health is maintained primarily through preventive management practices. Nevertheless, there are crops and situations where such measures alone do not provide sufficient protection, and direct plant protection is therefore necessary. This chapter focuses on the substances...
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Genome editing of maize
Although most genome editing efforts focus on modifications to gene coding regions, this chapter emphasizes genome editing of the upstream regulatory regions. Thoughtful editing of the promoter region will ultimately lead to improved plants, modified for more precise control of the intensity and ...
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Integrated weed management in maize cultivation: an overview
Maize (Zea mays L.) is among the most important cereals of the world. Weeds are one of the major constraints that reduce maize productivity. In this chapter, we discuss the impact of weeds on maize cultivation and the possible ways to control weeds in maize. In addition to herbicides, integrated ...
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Nested association mapping in barley to identify extractable trait genes
Wild germplasm contains a wealth of alleles, which are useful in modern agriculture. Nested association mapping (NAM) makes use of wild germplasm by developing multi-parental populations after crossing a single elite cultivar to a number of exotic donors. The resulting NAM lines are subsequently ...
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Sorghum as a food grain
Grain sorghum is the fifth most produced cereal crop in the world, preceded only by rice, wheat, corn and barley, and it is a dietary staple for more than half a billion people in more than 30 countries. Sorghum is a principal food in areas of Africa and Asia as well as being used as a raw materi...
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Are there bacterial bioprotectants besides bacillus and pseudomonas?
This chapter discusses the taxonomy of non-Bacillus and Pseudomonas (NBP) bioprotectant strains, including enterobacteria, actinomycetes, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Agrobacterium-Rhizobium and Lactobacillus. The chapter reviews their mechanisms of action against plant pathogens. Sources of i...
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Developing improved varieties of groundnut
Groundnut is an important nutrient-dense crop grown in over 100 countries. Breeding for improved varieties is critical for increasing yields and enhancing quality. This chapter describes the genetic resources of groundnut and their potential for mining desirable traits, potential breeding targets...
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The development of organic aquaculture
This chapter offers a general overview of global aquaculture production, explaining some of the key drivers (such as environmental, health and welfare issues with intensive conventional aquaculture) which led to the development of organic aquaculture more than two decades ago. The chapter looks a...
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Instant insights: alternative sources of protein for pigs
This book provides a detailed overview of the development of alternative sources of protein, such as insects and macroalgae and the benefits and challenges of their use as feed for pigs.
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Development of plant-derived compounds as biopesticides
This chapter reviews the development of plant-derived compounds as biopesticides. It begins by providing an overview of the legal framework and authorization of plant-derived plant protection products, then goes onto discuss how these products are developed. The chapter focuses on how plant-deriv...
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Bio-effectors to optimize the mineral nutrition of crop plants
The generic term “bio-effector” refers to the wide range of living organisms and natural compounds that can be used as active agents in biological approaches for crop production. They provide components in bio-stimulants and other products that improve the ability of crops to metabolize nutrients...
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Advances in techniques for monitoring the quality of stored cereal grains
State-of-the-art monitoring systems have sensors that can early detect the onset of spoilage before “hotspots” develop and alert the user of their location through real-time data that can be delivered directly to cloud-enabled devices. The function and utility of sensors and monitoring equipment...
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Current advances in zinc in soils and plants: implications for zinc efficiency and biofortification studies
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is one of the critical abiotic stress factors that often limits crop production, yield, and quality worldwide. It is estimated over one third of the global arable lands are affected by Zn deficiency and so there is a need for more Zn-efficient crops. This chapter critically e...
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Optimizing pig welfare in the growing and finishing stage
The main objectives of this chapter are to define animal welfare and to identify where intensive production systems may put finishing pigs at risk of poor animal welfare. The chapter discusses pig behavior and how this is affected by production systems, group size, living condition as well as sys...
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Flavour as the common thread for coffee quality along the value chain
Quality, in the case of coffee, ultimately means flavour, as this is the aspect of coffee perceived by consumers as valuable. The assessment of coffee flavour quality is therefore the key tool for quality assurance in coffee, and is essential in strategies for achieving higher-value coffee. In th...
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Sustainable use of energy in greenhouses
Greenhouse crops are continuously under pressure of infestations by a wide range of pests and diseases. This chapter describes the myriad practices that can contribute to managing pests and diseases, and how to integrate these practices in an ecologically based integrated pest management (IPM) ap...
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Instant insights: conservation tillage in agriculture
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on conservation tillage in agriculture.
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Advances in understanding and improving the nutraceutical properties of broccoli and other brassicas
The increasing consumption and popularity of Brassica vegetables can be linked to its nutrient composition and consequent health benefits. This review discusses the available evidence demonstrating the benefits of the Brassica family, particularly broccoli, and offers information to help ensure t...
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Modelling impacts of agriculture on freshwater
Agriculture greatly impacts water resources due to the high volumes of irrigation water consumed in crop production. Additionally, agricultural activities affect hydrological cycles through land-use changes and soil modifications, which may lead to pollution of water bodies. On a local level, the...
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Instant insights: integrated pest management in cereal cultivation
This collection reviews the adoption of integrated pest management programmes across cereal cultivation, with chapters dedicated to rice, wheat and sorghum. Chapters consider the key biological, cultural and chemical methods of control, as well as breeding crops for resistance to insect pests.
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Quantifying the role of livestock in climate change
The livestock sector has grown to a massive size, with rapid changes in areas such as animal traits and management. Despite gains in productivity, often accompanied by reduced emissions intensity and land use extent, the livestock sector: i) is the largest anthropogenic emitter of methane, ii) h...
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Instant insights: unmanned aircraft systems in agriculture
This book provides a useful overview of the use of unmanned aircraft systems/unmanned aerial vehicles in an array of agricultural settings for differing purposes, such as their use in turfgrass systems to measure and monitor specific targets.
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Organic poultry farming: opportunities and challenges
Poultry constitute a fascinating and diverse group of animals with huge potentials to adapt to many local conditions and to be integrated into a wide variety of organic farming systems throughout the world. Poultry herds fit into many different farm settings throughout the world, including the di...
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Palm oil and health
Palm oil is often criticized for its supposed effects on human health, due to its high saturated fatty acid content. However, it is this high saturated fatty acid content (50%) which makes it a solid oil, and therefore a good technological alternative to partially hydrogenated trans fatty acids. ...
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Food losses and waste during food processing
Approximately a third of world food production is not consumed and food waste has become an issue of importance to global food security and the environment. In Europe, processing makes the second largest contribution along the supply chain, equalling approximately a fifth of total food waste. Thi...
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Advances in sustainable dairy cattle nutrition
This collection reviews the wealth of research on recent advances in improving dairy cattle nutrition to balance the needs of animals with minimising the environmental impact of both livestock feed and dairy production.
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Advances in use of entomopathogenic nematodes in integrated pest management
Entomopathogenic nematodes in the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema are potent biological control agents that have been commercialized widely for control of economically important insect pests. This chapter describes the foraging and infection behavior of nematodes and the production technol...
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Integrated weed management in coffee production
Coffee plants show very low initial growth rates and are usually grown in large-spacing inter-rows, which makes the crop highly sensitive to weed species competition. Therefore, the weeds must be efficiently managed. Considering that coffee is grown in many different production-systems worldwide,...
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Metabolomics as a powerful tool for coffee authentication
Detecting fraudulent adulteration of coffee is essential for both the industry and legislative authorities. Both parties are accountable for establishing quality standards through labelling, composition regulations and routine evaluation protocols to circumvent unfair competition among manufactur...
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Developing barley crops for improved malt quality
This chapter introduces current key challenges for improving malting barley such as the rise in the craft brewing industry. It goes on to review typical traits of malting quality, such as grain size, protein and germination. It also highlights the importance of malt extract which is obtained afte...
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Developing maize-breeding methods and cultivars to meet the challenge of climate change
Sustainable maize production will be possible only with the development of the next generation of maize products carrying genetic diversity. This chapter addresses ideas to develop not only unique cultivars but also breeding methodologies to better assist breeders managing genetically complex tra...
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The use of feed supplements to reduce livestock greenhouse gas emissions: direct-fed microbials
This chapter aims to outline the strategy of using feed supplements for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in ruminants, including methane (CH4), carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, given that feed intake is an important variable in predicting these emissions. Focus will be given to d...
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Species choice, planting and establishment in temperate and boreal forests: meeting the challenge of global change
Due to global change, there is a need to question most of the practices used to establish forests. This chapter provides discussion of the current issues for most of the key processes of forest establishment and highlights the importance of the choice of genetic material in the establishment of ...
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Advances in abiotic stress management in turfgrass
Abiotic stresses of turfgrasses involve any environmental condition which limits plant growth, turfgrass quality, and system functionality. Commonly observed abiotic stresses in turfgrass systems include drought, high temperature, low temperature, low irradiance, traffic, salinity, and chemical p...
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Advances in pig breeding and reproduction
This collection provides a comprehensive review of the wealth of research on recent developments in pig breeding, including the shift from a primary focus on production traits to traits encompassing improved feed efficiency and disease resistance. The book also considers advances in understanding...
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Integrated weed management in perennial woody crops
Perennial woody crops span over a broad variety of species in Europe with olive and vine being the most cultivated tree crops. Nowadays, the increasing problem of herbicide resistance, the possible withdrawal of herbicides from the EU market and their effects on farmland biodiversity are driving ...
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Advances in the use of entomopathogenic viruses as biopesticides in suppressing crop insect pests
This chapter reviews advances in the use of entomopathogenic viruses as biopesticides in suppressing crop insect pests. It begins by discussing insect pests and their impact on the environment and how insect pest control has developed over time. It also highlights how viruses have been used as po...
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Insect pests of tea: caterpillars and other seasonal, occasional and minor pests
This chapter focuses on seasonal, occasional and minor pests of tea, which cause damage to tea plants largely through feeding processes. The chapter considers a variety of factors associated with each of these pests, including their geographical distribution, appearance, the damage caused and the...
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Transforming food systems
This book assesses one of the great global challenges of our time: how to reform food systems so they are more sustainable but still able to produce the food we need. It reviews the pros and cons of reformist, progressive and radical solutions and how we might choose between them.
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Understanding and improving water-use efficiency and drought resistance in tomato
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is both a well-established genetic model for plant biology and a horticultural cash crop of increasing importance to human nutrition. Tomato is mainly cultivated under irrigated conditions, so water use is of considerable significance for healthy plant growth ...
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Modelling agroforestry systems
An agroforestry system is an interconnecting network of woody vegetation with crops and/or animals that work together. This chapter sets out to discuss how to model such systems, which can be highly complex in nature. In the first section, the authors look at the current state of agroforestry mod...
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Broiler breeding flocks: management and animal welfare
Broiler breeders are the parent stock of broiler chickens. Appropriate management in the rearing and the production period is essential to produce a high number of fertile eggs and high-quality broiler chickens. However, research has shown that current management practices may affect the welfare ...
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Developing millet-based cereal products with enhanced nutritional properties
There is a growing awareness today about climate change and its expected ravaging effects on agricultural productivity, food production and ultimately, food and nutrition security. Against this backdrop, drought-tolerant hardy crops are gaining importance as significant sources of food and nutrit...
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Advances in poultry nutrition
This collection provides a comprehensive overview of the range of research on recent advances in poultry nutrition, focussing primarily on broilers for meat production. The book also reviews the development of novel feed sources and their role in optimising gut function in poultry.
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Milk composition and properties: interspecies comparison
The present chapter is a comparative presentation of the characteristics of milk produced from ruminants – cow, buffalo, goat, sheep, yak, camel - and equids - donkey and horse -. Emphasis is on topics associated with technological and nutritional/biological performance of milk, i.e., fat globule...
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The effects of housing systems for laying hens on egg safety and quality
Since the turn of the century, there have been rapid shifts worldwide in the housing and management systems used for laying hens. These have been mandated partly as a response to consumer concern for hen well-being. However, factors such as the quality, safety and price of eggs are also very impo...
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Food losses and food waste in roots and tubers
This chapter reviews the extent, causes and prevention of food losses and waste (FLW) in roots and tubers such as cassava, yams, potatoes, sweet potatoes and taro. It discusses pre-harvest factors affecting FLW such as pests and diseases, environmental factors and agronomic practices. It also dis...
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Humane slaughter techniques for pigs
For pigs, the day of slaughter includes a variety of potentially stressful elements, and this leads to animal welfare concerns. This chapter reviews how recent research can be applied in the development of new technologies and procedures to ensure a high level of welfare for pigs, while also incr...
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Branded beef programmes
The emergence of branded beef programmes has had tremendous impact on the beef industry worldwide. As a means to ensure consumer satisfaction and as a tool for differentiation, branding strategies have changed over the years, yet the basic principles of a successful beef brand have not. This chap...
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Wheat midge (sitodiplosis mosellana): management in the northern great plains of the united states and canada
This chapter examines wheat midge and its management in the Northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada. The chapter first provides an overview of the morphology of wheat midge at each stage of its life cycle. It then moves on to discuss the life cycle of the pest in more depth. The dam...
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Conserving and exploiting cocoa genetic resources: the key challenges
The future of the world cocoa economy depends on the availability of genetic diversity and the sustainable use of this broad genetic base to breed improved varieties. Decreasing cacao genetic diversity (in situ, on-farm and conserved in collections) is a serious problem, and all its many causes n...
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Developments in the use of fertilizers
Fertilizers are a blessing and a curse. Fertilization was a large component of the Green Revolution, resulting in unprecedented and continued yield increases; enabling abundant food, fuel, and fiber and leading to longer and better quality lives for much of earth’s population. However, progress c...
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Sustainable sweet cherry cultivation: a case study for designing optimized orchard production systems
Sweet cherries are an inherently challenging crop to produce sustainably, subject to crop loss from climatic events, birds, insects, and diseases, and requiring extensive manual labor due to large tree canopies and small delicate fruits. Nevertheless, cherry production has increased dramatically ...
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Integrated disease management strategies in sugarcane cultivation
Sugarcane diseases cause severe losses to sugar production around the world. More than 100 bacterial, fungal, phytoplasma and viral diseases are present in sugarcane-growing areas worldwide. Some diseases are present in most sugarcane-growing regions while others are confined to specific countrie...
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The principles of organic livestock farming
Organic animal farming is guided by considerations of naturalness, systems thinking and sustainability, and the four IFOAM principles of health, ecology, fairness and care. The principle of health emphasises the connectedness of different parts of the system and seeks high animal health status th...
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The use of insects in integrated weed management
Seed predation by insects is a potentially promising approach to the regulation of weeds that could offset herbicide use as part of integrated weed management. Using the example of carabid beetles, as the most intensively studied grouping of insect weed seed predators, this chapter describes the ...
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Recent advances in understanding the role of vitamins in pig nutrition
Requirements for vitamins in modern intensive swine production are still based on genetically outdated lines of pigs and production conditions which have changed dramatically during the last 30 years. This chapter describes recent advances related to the role of vitamins and their importance for ...
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Improving standards and certification in agri-food supply chains
This collection reviews the range of principles and standards that have been developed and the ways to optimise their contribution to achieving safe, sustainable and socially responsible agricultural production.
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