This chapter offers a general overview of global aquaculture production, explaining some of the key drivers (such as environmental, health and welfare issues with intensive conventional aquaculture) which led to the development of organic aquaculture more than two decades ago. The chapter looks at negative environmental impacts of aquaculture, general rules and regulations governing aquaculture, and the concept of trophic levels. The chapter offers a brief history of organic aquaculture and examines culture and production systems. Finally, the chapter looks ahead to future research trends in this field and the prospects of sustainable organic aquaculture.