Significant germplasm collections of cassava (Manihot esculenta) have been established in international and regional genebanks and have been used extensively by plant breeders. This chapter describes both ex situ and in situ techniques of conserving cassava genetic material. The chapter demonstrates in detail that approaches to conservation are only rarely through true (botanical) seed but rather as a field collection which is regenerated every two years, as in vitro plantlets or, in the future, cryopreservation. The chapter analyses techniques of data collection and management in genebanks and germplasm distribution. It presents the case having a large potential for in situ conservation approaches with respect to wild relatives of cassava which have hitherto been unrealised.