Sugarcane diseases cause severe losses to sugar production around the world. More than 100 bacterial, fungal, phytoplasma and viral diseases are present in sugarcane-growing areas worldwide. Some diseases are present in most sugarcane-growing regions while others are confined to specific countries. This chapter outlines and explores the various disease management strategies used in sugarcane cropping systems around the world and the potential for Integrated Disease Management to minimize losses and maximize profitability. The chapter covers management of diseases by controlling the pathogens, management of diseases through the host and management of diseases by controlling the environment, before looking ahead to future research trends in this field.