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Assessing the environmental impact of greenhouse cultivation
This chapter aims to address the environmental aspects of greenhouse cultivation, it covers the methodology used to perform an environmental assessment and provides information regarding damaging and beneficial environmental aspects, as well as suggestions to improve environmental quantification ...
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Advances in understanding and improving the nutraceutical properties of apples
The fruits of Malus domestica are consumed in their own right and also undergo industrial procedures to form different products such as juice, cider, and vinegar. Industrialization creates apple pomace, a residue that can be used for the generation of bioactives, adding value to the raw material,...
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Understanding consumer attitudes to organic food: using profile deviation analysis for consumer benchmarking
The purpose of this chapter is to examine to what extent misalignment with an organic food consumer benchmark profile affects two key consumer performance indicators: consumer satisfaction and loyalty. The chapter performs a profile deviation analysis on a cross-sectional sample of 1011 Australia...
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Effects of crop rotations and intercropping on soil health
There has been an increasing interest in evaluating the health of soil resources motivated by the growing cognizance that soil is a critically important component of the earth’s biosphere, playing an important functional role not only in producing food and fibre, but also in maintaining ecosystem...
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Harnessing genetic and genomic resources to transform the production and productivity of sorghum
Despite sorghum’s inherent yield potential, its remarkable adaptation to marginal environments and its extensive use in various food applications by smallholders in developing countries, sorghum has never received the attention it deserves and thus its productivity has remained low. This chapter ...
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Producing biogas from livestock manure and agricultural biomass
Climate change has driven the European Commission to set a strategy towards a climate-neutral Europe by 2050. There is a need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the case of the agricultural sector, biogas production can replace fossil-based energy sources and reduce methane emissions re...
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The scope and challenge of sustainable forestry
Forests have managed to sustain themselves for millennia, recovering, reorganizing or migrating in response to innumerable disruptions. Humans have always reaped the benefits of this natural ability of treed ecosystems to renew themselves. Overharvesting of wood for fuel and building materials, h...
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Instant Insights: Dietary supplements in dairy cattle nutrition
This collection features five peer-reviewed reviews on dietary supplements in dairy cattle nutrition.
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Good agronomic practices in cocoa cultivation: rehabilitating cocoa farms
Cocoa cultivation covers a total area of about 5.9 million ha worldwide with around 73% of this area found in the four large cocoa-producing countries in West Africa namely Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana and Nigeria. Adoption of good agronomic practices is crucial for the sustainability of cocoa ...
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Understanding the development of the gut microbiome in pigs: an overview
Living organisms continuously and intimately interact with commensal microbial communities referred to as microbiota and microbiomes. These complex ecosystems provide their hosts with vital services. The gut microbiome develops and diversifies after birth in pigs, as in all mammals. The diversifi...
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Instant Insights: Improving water management in crop cultivation
This specially curated collection features five reviews of current and key research on improving water management in crop cultivation.
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The role of food losses and waste in food insecurity
The chapter attempts to demonstrate some aspects related to the role of food losses and waste (FLW) in food insecurity, in two parts: (i) identifying direct linkages between FLW and food insecurity - that is a predictor of malnutrition (i.e. underweight, overweight and obesity, micronutrient defi...
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Food safety control on poultry farms: effective control of Campylobacter
The zoonotic pathogen, Campylobacter, is the leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide. It colonizes the intestinal tract of chickens, its primary host. In chickens, this pathogen is considered commensal and does not cause illness or have adverse impacts on production performance. A number of ...
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Modelling crop growth and yield in tomato cultivation
Crop-growth simulation models have become important tools for researchers and growers for the purpose of assisting management and improving production. The CROPGRO-Tomato model described in this chapter is one of a suite of models within the modelling package Decision Support System for Agrotechn...
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New uses and processes for cassava
Cassava’s versatility, resilience to climate stress and huge potential for yield increase make it increasingly popular for both food security and industrial applications. This chapter investigates current uses of cassava and considers new processes which might be introduced to promote greater uti...
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Genetic selection to improve reproductive traits in chickens
This chapter reviews genetic selection to improve reproductive traits in chickens. The chapter begins by first focusing on the layer breeding programme structure, then moves on to discuss areas such as egg production, liveability, resilience and adaptability. It also examines how genetic selectio...
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Advances in optical analysis for crop phenotyping
Plant phenotyping technologies have been developing rapidly in the last decades. Among various phenotyping technologies, optical sensing such as RGB, multi-spectral and hyperspectral imaging have become popular and widely applied in different applications. In this chapter, these optical sensors a...
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Application of machine vision in plant factories
Plant factories have great potential for mitigating the contradiction between the growing global population and food scarcity. Machine vision plays an important role during automated food production, covering each production stage from raising seedlings, transplanting, management, harvesting and ...
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Pest management for urban agriculture
Agriculture in urban contexts largely differs from “conventional” and industrial agriculture. Pest management strategies must address a plethora of peculiar factors, such as: proximity to citizens living environments, microclimate and environmental conditions, plot and field size, multiplicity of...
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Advances in controlled atmosphere storage of horticultural produce
This chapter highlights advances in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage science of horticultural crops (mainly apples and pears) over the last two decade, emphasizing the connection between technical/managerial aspects of the CA regime and retention of product quality during and after the storage ...
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Genomic selection using Bayesian methods
For decades, the method of choice the prediction of breeding values in poultry breeding programs was the Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP). More recently, genomic selection is quickly becoming the standard tool for genetic evaluation. One of the main challenges in the implementation of genom...
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Instant Insights: Using crops as biofuel
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on using crops as biofuel.
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Cytogenetics of structural rearrangements in Musa hybrids and cultivars
Edible bananas are diploid or triploid Musa acuminata, or hybrids of M. acuminata x M. balbisi-ana, producing nutritious seedless fruit of different taste and structure. Breeding for high yield and host plant resistance to pathogens and pests as well as adaptation to abiotic stress of im-portant ...
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Tropical tree domestication in agroforestry
Trees, whether occurring in wild stands or in agricultural landscapes, play a key role in the livelihoods of smallholders in the tropics. This chapter discusses tropical tree domestication in agroforestry, summarizing the authors’ contribution to the development of new tree crops in the tropics u...
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Instant Insights: Economics of key agricultural practices
This collection assesses the economics of key agricultural practices, with chapters dedicated to analysing the economic impact and consequences of insect pest management and novel integrated weed management strategies. Additional chapters consider the economic barriers faced by smallholder farmer...
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Nutrient sources and their application in cassava cultivation
This chapter discusses various sources of nutrients to be applied to prevent soil nutrient depletion, as well as the optimum rates, times and methods of their application. It also describes how computer models can predict site-specific nutrient requirements and balanced fertilizer rates to maximi...
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Achieving net zero dairy farming
This book provides a detailed insight into the fundamental processes within the dairy cow and on dairy farms that contribute to and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the strategies that can be implemented to reduce the sector’s carbon footprint.
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Metabolic services of intestinal microbiota of swine: metabolism of carbohydrates and bile salts
Vertebrate animals are holobionts and their physiology and metabolism are influenced by their commensal microbiota. Gut microbiota and their metabolites play a key role in the host defense against pathogenic microorganisms, shape the immune system, and impact the resistance to chronic disease. Th...
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Modifying canopy architecture to optimize photosynthesis in crops
Canopy architecture is described by the quantity and three-dimensional display of leaves in a crop canopy, which determines light interception and subsequent canopy photosynthesis. While many crop canopies were reshaped by selection during the Green Revolution, there is further opportunity for im...
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Advances in automated in-field grading of harvested crops
Mechanical harvesting machines such as canopy and trunk shakers are widely used for yield collection from some crops; however, most fruits and vegetables produced for the fresh market have to be collected manually. This chapter reviews the current state of mechanized collection technology, such a...
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Managing poultry litter to improve safety and reduce environmental impact
Poultry litter can be both a low-cost and nutrient-rich fertilizer for farming and a possible vector for environmental or microbiological hazards, highlighting the importance of proper treatment or handling the poultry litter. This chapter explores the microbiological quality and safety aspects o...
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Conservation Agriculture in the USA
Climate and soils determine where crop production is concentrated in the US. The climate is changing and conservation agriculture (CA) will be critical to guarantee sustainable soil and water management in the future. This chapter reviews evidences of a foundation of CA based agriculture in pre-C...
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Post-harvest wheat losses in Africa: an Ethiopian case study
This chapter discusses the results of a 2014 questionnaire-based survey instrument used to gauge perceptions of 200 Ethiopian wheat farmers on a wide range of wheat production and post-harvest handling and storage- related topics. It outlines the methods employed in the study, the demographics of...
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Enhancing the nutritional profile of eggs
The nutrients contained within the table egg can be easily modified or enhanced through the hen’s diet. As such, the egg represents an economically viable functional food that can be utilized to deliver potent bio-active components into the human diet. In this chapter, we review the major targets...
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Effect of processing techniques on the quality of animal feed
The objective of this chapter is to demonstrate how the manipulation of extrusion processing parameters such as specific mechanical energy (SME) can directly influence the nutritional value of a given formulation component such as starch in a dry animal feed formulation.
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The use of plant extracts as dietary supplements in dairy cow nutrition: plant essential oils
This chapter examines the use of plant extracts as dietary supplements in dairy cow nutrition, specifically focusing on plant essential oils. The chapter begins by reviewing the ruminal effects of essential oils, drawing specific attention to their mechanisms of action, how targets are selected t...
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Using crop residues/by-products as livestock feed in a circular economy
In this chapter, we will provide an overview of the nutrient profile of commonly used by-product feeds, how they are generated, and the limitations associated with their use in animal rations. We will focus on dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) because of its use across different lives...
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Managing soil health for sustainable agriculture Volume 1
There is a growing concern that both intensive agriculture in the developed world and rapid expansion of agriculture in the developing world is damaging soil health. This volume reviews advances in our understanding of soil structure and dynamics which form the foundation for effective soil manag...
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Aetiology, diagnosis and control of mastitis in dairy herds
Mastitis is one of the most economically important diseases in dairy production. Associated costs include treatment, culling, death and decreased milk production, and cow welfare is also compromised. This chapter reviews the indicators of mastitis and the contagious and environmental pathogens wh...
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The role of probiotics in optimizing gut function in poultry
The spread of antibiotic resistance genes has created public concerns leading to new laws that restrict the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in domestic and meat-producing animals in several countries around the world. In this chapter, the safety and efficacy of individual monocultures for ...
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Using systems agronomy to exploit deep roots in crops
In this chapter we review strategies to capture benefits from deeper rooting, taking the example of the semi-arid southern Australian wheat belt. The chapter focusses on the theme of better capturing deep subsoil water with deeper and more effective root systems. The chapter looks at ways of incr...
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Wheat genetic resources: global conservation and use for the future
The importance of wheat to the global food supply means that many institutions across the world hold collections of wheat germplasm to study and preserve wheat genetic material. This chapter describes a global ex situ conservation strategy to assess the status of wheat genetic resources held by i...
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Fusarium wilt of banana: impact, epidemiology and management of Fusarium wilt Race 1 and 2
The soil-borne fungus F. oxysporum forma specialis cubense (Foc), causing fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), is one of the most devastating diseases affecting banana. The fungus has a polyphyletic origin and strains and races have evolved with different wild banana species in various areas of the Ind...
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Techniques for identifying new animal feed ingredients and additives
The identification of potential novel feed ingredients requires quick and effective analytical techniques to assess their composition and functionality. This chapter provides a practical guide to routine and standard methods to detect the main traits of interest in animal feed ingredients and add...
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Spray technologies in precision agriculture
The application of plant protection products plays a key role in the production of most crops. This chapter examines equipment designed to operate with field crops; however, many of the principles discussed will relate to other application systems. The chapter describes features of field crop spr...
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Biosecurity measures to prevent zoonotic and other diseases in poultry farm environments
Safety and biosecurity of animals, particularly farm animals and workers, are a major concern for agricultural industry as well as public health. Designing and implementing effective biosecurity measures are crucial for preventing the spread of animal diseases and controlling zoonotic disease to ...
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Sheep nutrition: formulated diets
The primary feeds for sheep are renewable and contain high concentrations of components that are not suitable for human consumption, making sheep farming sustainable. In some economies, maize, barley, sorghum, wheat, soya beans, rapeseed and their by-products are inexpensive enough to be fed stra...
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Safe dissemination of germplasm resources of banana
The relentless increase in human populations and the increasing consumption of bananas as a dessert fruit and as staple food source in many tropical countries, coupled with increasing production pressures due to climate change, have increased the demand for the evaluation and exploitation of new ...
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Optimizing the health of gilts and sows during pregnancy and parturition
Pregnancy and parturition are sensitive phases of the production cycle in the sow. Indeed, production diseases such as post partum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) and vaginal discharge syndrome (VDS) appear in the peri- or postpartum period. Social stress and seasonal disruption of pregnancy in group ...
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Biotic sources of seed losses influencing germination and emergence success in crop plants and agricultural weeds
Yield loss of crop plants to pests, pathogens, and competitors has remained largely undiminished over the last 50 years, representing a significant cost to farmers and a continuing threat to food security. We review the contribution of pathogens and predators to seed losses, distinguishing events...
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Dietary factors affecting the composition of cow’s milk
The ability to change milk composition via cow diet can lead to increases in the yield and functional properties of dairy products. Inducing such changes via diet can lead to more rapid and reversible changes to milk composition than other contributing factors . However, some components are more ...
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Energy-smart innovation and renewable energy systems on farms: an overview
To save costs, increase productivity, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, energy-smart farming is gaining momentum. Direct energy inputs essential for all food production systems, both on farms as well as along the food supply chain, have conventionally been supplied by oil, coal and natural gas...
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Sustainable management of African dry forests
Dry forests constitute the bulk of the African tropical forests. They support a wealth of human, animal and plant life. They are important to climate change mitigation and adaptation, and support virtually all sectors of economies. This chapter discusses the characteristics and distribution of dr...
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Challenges and prospects for fungicidal control of wheat diseases
As one of the world’s ‘big three’ cereal crops, wheat has a highly significant role to play in global food security, and therefore the prevention and management of diseases affecting wheat is of paramount importance. In this chapter, we consider the current status of global wheat production, the ...
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Wheat diseases: an overview
Fungal and viral pathogens lead to significant yield losses in wheat crops worldwide. This chapter reviews the important fungal and viral diseases of wheat, considering their mode of infection, symptoms, distribution and effect on wheat yield. Responses to each pathogen are discussed, including a...
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Developments in feed technology to improve poultry nutrition
Systematic evaluation of each stage of the feed manufacturing has the potential to identify opportunities for improvement in manufacturing efficiency and reduced nutrient variation in finished feed, ultimately resulting in lower cost sustainable poultry production. This chapter examines the role ...
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Molecular identification of major morphological mutations in poultry
Morphological variation provides examples of phenotypes which mode of inheritance was characterized by Mendelian genetics since many years. This chapter describes seventeen phenotypes affecting skeleton, skin appendages, feather distribution, growth rate or structure, for which the underlying gen...
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Advances in conventional potato-breeding techniques
Potato is highly heterozygous. In order to maintain productivity, improved potato varieties are therefore developed by inter-mating desired parental lines and selecting superior clones from the progeny. Since potato is vegetatively propagated, any selected genotype can be fixed with all its intra...
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Identifying and classifying banana cultivars
This chapter addresses identifying and classifying banana cultivars. It begins with an overview of banana cultivars, which is then followed by a discussion of the different levels bananas can be classified at: genera, section and species level. The chapter also examines how to identify different ...
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Certifying sustainability in oil palm cultivation
In recent years, transnational private regulations, aimed at implementing sustainable development principles, have emerged across several commodity sectors. To address the growing environmental and social concerns raised by oil palm expansion, the sector has adopted voluntary sustainability stand...
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Improving integrated pest management in horticulture
This collection reviews current advances in integrated pest management (IPM) for horticultural crops, including the use of biological control mechanisms, technological developments such as proximal sensors, agronomic practices and physical control.
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Understanding and developing closed-loop nutrient cycles in crop production
This chapter focuses on developing closed-loop nutrient cycles in crop production. It starts by first discussing the importance of understanding nutrient cycling in agri-food systems, then goes on to highlight current options for achieving closed-loop nutrient cycles. A section on manure manageme...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of sorghum Volume 2
Volume 2 in this sequence summarises key research on the wide range of uses of sorghum as food, animal feed and for biofuel. It also assesses the challenges of growing sorghum in different parts of the world and how these are being addressed.
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Occurrence and avoidance of fungicide resistance in cereal diseases
The targeted use of fungicides can help minimise the yield losses caused to grain cereals by plant pathogenic fungi. However, the long-term use of fungicide classes based on a single mode of action has imposed consistent selection pressures on certain pathogens. Over time, this has resulted in ma...
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Setting and reviewing standards for organic farming
One of the cornerstones of organic farming is the fact that it is governed by clear standards which are legally protected in many parts of the world, but there is concern that the current certification system does not fully safeguard the objectives and principles of the movement and encourage fur...
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Managing breeder poultry flocks to optimise hatchability and chick health
A relatively small number of broiler breeders produce globally billions of broilers each year. Optimal reproduction and health in the parent stock is therefore of the utmost importance to optimize product quality, welfare and profitability of the poultry meat chain. Appropriate management during ...
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The rumen wall microbiota community
The rumen microbes are usually divided into three distinct groups based on their habitats: the planktonic microbiota, feed particle associated microbiota, and the epimural microbiota. Among these three groups of microorganisms, the epimural community is the least studied and understood. Although ...
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Advances in the use of entomopathogenic oomycetes as biopesticides in suppressing crop insect pests
This chapter reviews advances in the use of entomopathogenic oomycetes as biopesticides in suppressing crop insect pests. It begins by discussing how oomycetes have evolved from invertebrate pathogens to plant pathogens, what they are commonly known as today. The chapter also provides a case stud...
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Advances in preservation of seed vigour during storage
Anyone acquiring a sample of seeds for growing, would be hopeful that most of the seeds would germinate in a timely manner and regardless of the normal stressors that are apparent in agricultural / horticultural environments, i.e., that the acquired seed lot has high viability and vigour. For see...
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Production of biodiesel from oilseeds: canola/rapeseed
Since biodiesel has been commercialized and is widely adopted by the public, the demand for a sufficient and consistent supply of feedstock is the decisive factor for a sustainable biodiesel industry. Currently, rapeseed oil is the dominant feedstock for biodiesel production in Europe, while soyb...
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Factors affecting shelf life of poultry meat
Poultry meat and meat products are highly susceptible to both oxidative and microbial spoilage. This chapter reviews recent progress in understanding of the mechanisms behind microbial spoilage as well as lipid and protein oxidation. These understanding enables design and implementation of novel ...
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Considerations with selecting turfgrass varieties and cultivars
The National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) conducts trials of turfgrass species across the USA and Canada. NTEP data collected since 1981 is publicly available at www.ntep.org. Data is collected on more than 100 parameters including key factors in sustainable turfgrass selection. Selection ...
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Consumer trends in apple sales
Different participants in the global apple market have different goals. Consumer trends are influenced by numerous supply and demand factors. This chapter reviews the influence of suppliers and retailers on apple sales. It describes the global forces affecting apple demand. It explains the recent...
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Combining plant biostimulants and precision agriculture
Precision application of biostimulants on a site-specific basis is a great opportunity for optimizing biostimulant efficacy and returns. This chapter looks at the available tools and emerging technologies for the monitoring and management of soil and crops, in order to address spatial and tempora...
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Data-driven decision support tools in dairy herd health
This chapter describes the development process of data-driven decision support tools for dairy herd management with an emphasis on real-time continuous data integration and its applications on dairy herd health. It includes concepts on big data analysis, expert systems, and artificial intelligenc...
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Functional–structural plant modeling of plants and crops
Crop models have been instrumental in predicting yields in wide ranges of current and future environmental conditions. However, they encounter problems in representing spatial heterogeneity of a plant stand and the associated plant responses to local conditions, as well as in simulating the effec...
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Ensuring the genetic diversity of coffee
Developing adaptation strategies will be critical in sustaining the coffee economy and livelihoods in many countries, owing to continued rises in production costs, as well as problems related to negative impacts of climate change and higher incidence of pests and diseases. Utilizing the varied ge...
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Instrumentation and methodology for the quantification of phytochemicals in tea
Tea contains many phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, amino acids, vitamins, carbohydrates and purine alkaloids that possess important physiological properties and health-promoting benefits. Tea components are closely associated with tea variety, the growing conditions and regions of tea plants ...
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Field robots for plant phenotyping
The technology developed within the domain of plant phenotyping provides excellent data-driven tools for plant breeders to use in the collection and description of the relationship between genotyping and environmental factors. Field robots are emerging as sensor-mounted phenotyping platforms, whi...
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Use of antimicrobials in poultry processing plants: the case of the United States
Poultry is one of the most consumed meats in the United States, and processors strive to provide consumers with safe and wholesome products. Consequently, poultry processors are challenged to reduce the abundance of pathogens such as Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni in raw poultry products. De...
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Developments in housing of cattle to promote health and welfare
While housing systems have served to provide shelter and protection from predation, they have also been associated with negative effects on cow health and welfare. Efforts in the dairy sector have had significant impact on transition cow housing, feeding and resting behaviors, and protection from...
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Food waste in food services
Food services generate significant amounts of food waste, which is originally edible and already prepared for eating, causing unnecessary impacts on the environment and the economy. Food waste studies have been conducted with varying methods and there are also large differences between food servi...
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Developments in thermal imaging techniques to assess livestock health
This chapter reviews the use of infrared thermography as a tool in precision livestock farming to assess livestock health. It assesses key challenges such as accounting to ambient environmental conditions as well as the development of infrared thermography technologies to address these challenges...
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Mechanisms of drought tolerance in rice
Rice is especially sensitive to drought stress during reproductive growth. Drought mitigation, through development of drought- resistant varieties with higher yields, will be the key factor to improve stable rice production. This chapter reviews the following topics: mechanisms of drought resista...
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Measuring and improving the environmental performance of organic farming
There is a large and growing body of literature comparing the environmental performance of organic and conventional farming in specific settings, either on farm or product level. However, how one assesses ‘environmental performance’ is a complex and multifaceted question, and one-dimensional indi...
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Advances in understanding gut function and immunity in pigs
The gut tissues are important for feed intake and at the same time provide a niche for the microbiota. As a consequence, the gut is exposed to a vast variety of foreign antigens and has evolved a cellular network to ensure gut homeostasis. Maintaining this balance is important for optimal growth ...
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The role of perches in chicken welfare
This chapter reviews the current knowledge on perching behaviour of chickens. During nighttime, chickens are highly motivated for elevated resting. During daytime chickens often perform vulnerable behaviours on elevated structures. Access to elevated structures can reduce fearfulness in chickens ...
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Advances in conventional breeding techniques for ornamentals
Sustainability in the floricultural value chain comprises a multitude of aspects, such as the economical use of resources, mainly energy, water, nutrients, and substrate ingredients such as peat, as well as the avoidance of environmental pollution by plastic wastes, fertilizers and pesticides. Se...
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Water management for rainfed smallholder farming
This chapter aims to show how small-scale farmers can use water more efficiently, productively and sustainably in rainfed production. We will first discuss general aspects of how water use in crop and livestock production may be improved – measures that are important and useful in both rainfed as...
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The economics of apple production
Economic prosperity is essential to guarantee sustainability, and this chapter provides a cost analysis of apple production worldwide, including classification of production cost studies, an exploration of different cost study approaches and categories included in cost-of-production studies. The ...
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Seed germination, preservation and population genetics of wild Musa germplasm
Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) are amongst the most important tropical and subtropical food crops in the world. In order to reduce the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on banana cultivation, it is important to allow for a genetic enrichment of the currently cultivated genepool. Crop Wild R...
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Meeting energy requirements in pig nutrition
The level of energy in a pig’s diet influences the rate and efficiency of gain, the quality of the resulting carcass and even the quality of the pork produced from the carcass. However, energy requirements and energy use in pigs are not well understood, due to the complexity of the topic. Unlike ...
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Dairy cattle welfare and health: an intimate partnership
This chapter discusses the intimate partnership between dairy cattle welfare and health. It begins by examining the welfare implications of common dairy cow diseases such as lameness, mastitis, metritis, acidosis, ketosis and other production-related diseases. It also addresses the impact of subc...
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Improving soil health and crop nutrition in oil palm cultivation
Soil health is increasingly regarded as a key factor in oil palm nutrition and productivity. This chapter presents the current state of knowledge about soil and nutrient management through several examples of efficient and productive oil palm cultivation. The chapter highlights the challenges whi...
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Understanding the genetics of poultry muscle development
Poultry meat is one of the most consumed animal proteins by humans. Understanding genetic regulation of poultry skeletal muscle development is essential in improving poultry meat quality and production. This chapter summarizes current knowledge of the development of skeletal muscle in poultry. Th...
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Recent developments in multi-trait selection in dairy cattle breeding
Selection indexes, and their underlying breeding objectives, are widely used in dairy cattle breeding, and indexes tend to play an important role in selection decisions made by commercial farmers in many of the more advanced dairy industries within well developed economies. This chapter describes...
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Advances in proximal sensors to detect crop health status in horticultural crops
Advances in proximal sensing for targeted application of bioprotectants and biopesticides are crucial for more sustainable horticultural crop disease management. These technologies can help to identify spatial/temporal patterns of disease and provide data for forecasting models. They rely on opto...
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Genetic diversity in dairy cattle: variation within and between breeds
This chapter focuses on genetic diversity in dairy cattle, meaning that it examines those domesticated cattle breeds selected for milk production. The chapter presents the relevant definitions and discusses the role of natural and artificial selection in the creation of breeds and genetic diversi...
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Maximizing the efficiency of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration to optimize photosynthesis in crops
Photosynthesis provides the carbon and energy for crop growth and many investigators are working to improve photosynthesis in the expectation that that will improve crop growth. There are many component processes to photosynthesis. One grouping of processes can be used to predict responses to the...
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The Beef behind all Possible Pasts
This Tandem Festschrift pays tribute to Elaine Turner and Martin Street, to celebrate all they have both contributed to the MONREPOS Archaeological Research Centre and of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum in Mainz, Germany.
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