Since biodiesel has been commercialized and is widely adopted by the public, the demand for a sufficient and consistent supply of feedstock is the decisive factor for a sustainable biodiesel industry. Currently, rapeseed oil is the dominant feedstock for biodiesel production in Europe, while soybean oil is the major feedstock in the USA canola oil is also extensively used for biodiesel production in the Pacific Northwest of North America. This chapter describes current technologies and constraints of biodiesel production and examines life cycle assessment of canola/rapeseed biodiesel. Finally, the chapter looks ahead to future trends of research in this area and provides guidance on further reading.