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Achieving sustainable greenhouse cultivation
Greenhouse and other forms of protected cultivation create controlled environments to offset climate change and optimise resource use. This book reviews current research in more efficient climate control and root development to optimise their use.
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Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production
This collection reviews measurement and modelling of methane emissions and current mitigation strategies, including improving breeding and health, manure management as well as the role of grassland and feed supplements.
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Improving farm machinery operation and maintenance to optimise fuel use efficiency
This chapter discusses energy use and emissions from direct fossil fuel combustion on farms to power farm machinery. It first reviews techniques for optimising tractor fuel consumption as well as developments in fuel-efficient tractor designs. The chapter also discusses energy savings and other b...
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Energy-smart innovation and renewable energy systems on farms: an overview
To save costs, increase productivity, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, energy-smart farming is gaining momentum. Direct energy inputs essential for all food production systems, both on farms as well as along the food supply chain, have conventionally been supplied by oil, coal and natural gas...
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Tools and technologies to reduce fossil energy use on dairy farms
With a growing demand for milk and dairy products coupled with concerns regarding greenhouse gas emissions, the sustainable use of on-farm energy resources is essential. Milk production requires electrical energy for powering plant equipment, liquid fuels for powering machinery, indirect energy f...
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On-farm biomass technologies for heat and power
Biomass in its various forms, has long been combusted to provide useful heat on farms. Applications include heating of water, crop drying, animal housing, and heated greenhouses for protected vegetable and flower production. Biomass resources are often available on the farm including from crop re...
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Efficient water management and irrigation on farms
The way forward for irrigated agriculture in a warming and water-constrained world lies in integrated policy development and practice, including ‘sustainable intensification’, that considers the ‘food-water-energy nexus’. Such policy should incorporate both climate adaptation and climate mitigati...
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Assessing and modelling the costs of on-farm distributed renewable energy systems
This chapter describes the most relevant costs assessment methodologies and the state-of-the-art research lines regarding the cost of on-farm distributed renewable energy systems (on-farm DG-RES). The analysis of the costs of on-farm DG-RES can be looked at from the perspective of “private” or “p...
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Advances in energy-efficient lighting and ventilation for food production systems
Estimates are that 15 percent of agricultural production costs are energy related. The best way to lower these costs and cut energy consumption is by becoming energy smart. This chapter highlights energy-efficient lighting, considers potential of novel UV technology, acknowledges ventilation adva...
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Developments in agrivoltaics: achieving synergies by combining plants with solar photovoltaic power systems
Agrivoltaics are renewable energy systems that combine food production with electricity generation from solar photovoltaics (PV). Research and development on agrivoltaics has increased steadily in recent years to address the questions: "How is crop production affected under PV panels?" and "How c...
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The role of field margins in biodiversity conservation in agroecosystems
This chapter reviews research on ways of modifying the agricultural landscape to reverse the decline in a range of fauna and flora. The chapter starts by looking at the span of options for promoting biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. It then focuses on field margins, their characteristics a...
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Reconciling agricultural production with biodiversity conservation
The first part of this volume assesses general issues such as landscape approaches, mapping and assessing the economic value of biodiversity. Part 2 reviews management practices promoting biodiversity such as field margins, hedgerows, improved pasture management and agroforestry.
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The role of hedgerows in supporting biodiversity and other ecosystem services in intensively managed agricultural landscapes
Over the past half century, agricultural intensification has substantially changed agricultural landscapes and farming systems. These changes have been beneficial to provisioning services, i.e. agricultural yields, but detrimental for biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. As a contribut...
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Assessing the economic value of agricultural biodiversity: a critical perspective
This chapter reviews developments in methods to assess the economic value of agricultural biodiversity, outlines their limitations and proposes a possible, novel way forward. The chapter discusses the different definitions of agrobiodiversity. It then highlights ways of evaluating agrobiodiversit...
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Functional agrobiodiversity for the provision of agroecosystem services
In the context of sustainable agricultural development, the provision of other services beyond production is becoming a priority. We contend that a functional approach to agrobiodiversity is the best approach to meeting such goal in both research and agricultural practice. We have traced the deve...
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The challenge of monitoring biodiversity in agricultural landscapes at the eu level
This chapter reviews current surveys of biodiversity in agricultural areas at the EU level. The chapter describes established surveys, ongoing pilots and plans for new surveys at the EU scale. The chapter assesses where we will stand in the short-medium term with our knowledge of agro-biodiversit...
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Modelling biodiversity in agriculture
Models have been widely used in agricultural science to understand complexity, predict the consequence of change and extend knowledge to new scales. ‘Crop modelling’ began in the 1960s and is now well advanced and applied globally, but is restricted to a few economic species. More recently, model...
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Supporting smallholders in achieving more sustainable cocoa cultivation: the case of west africa
Sustainability initiatives, including associations, platforms and networks, voluntary sustainability standards, corporate and non-governmental and civil society initiatives, have all been developed as solutions to the multiple, long-running challenges facing cocoa growers and producers. Largely i...
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Advances in machine vision technologies for the measurement of soil texture, structure and topography
This chapter examines advances in machine vision technologies for the measurement of soil texture, structure and topography. It starts by providing an overview of the basic principles of machine vision technologies, focusing on areas such as 3D surface modelling and various methods of soil thin s...
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Access to mechanization for smallholder farmers in africa
Agricultural mechanization is vital to achieving sustainable livelihood, food security and national development. Mechanization is pertinent for Africa where the predominant production system remains the smallholder’s system. The use of technologies from the West continue to face lots of constrain...
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Water management for rainfed smallholder farming
This chapter aims to show how small-scale farmers can use water more efficiently, productively and sustainably in rainfed production. We will first discuss general aspects of how water use in crop and livestock production may be improved – measures that are important and useful in both rainfed as...
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Women and smallholder farming
This book highlights the day-to-day challenges faced by women smallholders in regions such as Africa, Asia and South America, whilst also considering how key stakeholders across the agri-food supply chain can support, empower and sufficiently compensate women smallholder farmers for their contrib...
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Addressing gender inequities in accessing agricultural extension and advisory services
Extension and Advisory Services have historically been challenged to meet the needs of both women and men producers in environments where women typically have benefited less. However, there are examples of projects and programs where gender equity in access to these services has been improved. In...
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Helping smallholders to improve poultry production
Small-scale family poultry farming is practised by a large proportion of smallholder families in the rural and peri-urban areas of most of the world’s developing countries. By enabling improvements in disease control, breeding and genetics, and management and nutrition through smallholder poultry...
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Improving integrated soil fertility management (isfm) by smallholders
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continues to experience food insecurity underpinned by low crop productivity. Yields for cereal crops in smallholder farming systems are typically less than 30% of attainable yields and low use of fertilizer and other nutrient resources are recognized as the one of the ma...
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The sustainable intensification of smallholder farming systems
This volume reviews recent research on effective support to improve smallholder livelihoods. After discussing the economics of smallholder farming, the book looks at access to key inputs before assessing ways of improving extension and other services to support sustainable production practices.
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Socio-cultural factors affecting women smallholder farmers’ empowerment in uganda
Promoting women’s empowerment and gender equality plays a key role in accelerating equitable and sustainable agricultural systems in Africa, yet efforts to better integrate women in agricultural development often ignore the underlying social-economic drivers that underpin gender inequalities. Thi...
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Supporting smallholder women farmers in potato cultivation
As the importance of potato cultivation among smallholder farmers increases, it is clear that women farmers have a vital role to play in shaping and maximising this growth, safeguarding potatoes as a primary food security crop. The present chapter offers a summary of the current state of potato c...
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The challenges of smallholder farming
This chapter starts by discussing the features of small-scale farming, indentifying family management and labour as its hallmark. The considerable differences of geography, economic and social circumstances among smallholder farms are explored. These suggest that while some smallholdings can prov...
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The role and challenges of the private sector in enabling market access for smallholders
Sourcing from smallholder farmers presents a number of challenges, stemming from the informal ecosystem in which individual farmers operate as well as from the diverse and fragmented nature of smallholders as a group. The three main types of challenges are: technical, logistical and behavioural. ...
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Strengthening commercial extension systems for smallholders
When examining opportunities to strengthen commercial extension systems for smallholders, it is important to answer the question: to what end. This chapter puts forward the argument that in addition to supporting adoption of commercial technologies and increasing yields on select crops purchased ...
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The economics of smallholder farming
Sustainable agriculture is possible when smallholder farmers overcome economic barriers to establish profitable farm businesses. This chapter outlines key economic factors of land, labour, capital and inputs which impact the production costs. Access to markets influences the farmer’s ability to...
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Smallholder seed systems for sustainability
This chapter discusses the role of seed systems particularly as a channel to supply smallholder farmers with new traits and combinations of traits through improved hybrids or varieties. This chapter looks at issues surrounding the development of more economically-sustainable and predominantly “fo...
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The role and challenges of the private sector in supplying inputs to smallholders
This chapter focuses on analysis of the private sector input supply to smallholders, in Africa. The goal of the chapter is to describe and discuss challenges of the private sector when working with smallholders. There is special emphasis of reliability of demand, purchasing power and logistics th...
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Incentivizing sustainable production practices: improving and scaling extension, certification, carbon markets and other incentive systems
In the absence of subsidies and secure land ownership, farmers often have weak incentives to adopt sustainable production practices. Potential means to change that include improved extension services, certification schemes, access to finance, and results-based payments (e.g. for carbon offset cre...
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Financial services for smallholders
Financing for smallholder farmers starts with the question of what does a smallholder need to improve their income and ends with financing as one of the solutions that help achieve this goal. The chapter outlines some basic concepts and then outlines a set of various loan products that may fit a ...
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Strengthening public-sector extension systems for smallholder farmers in kenya
This chapter discusses key issues and challenges in public extension services for smallholders and how challenges have been addressed. The discussion is made with particular reference to experiences in disseminating Conservation Agriculture-based technologies and practices generated from the Sust...
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Improving market access for smallholders
This chapter reviews improving market access for smallholders. It begins by highlighting the challenges faced by smallholders when trying to access markets and moves on to review findings from recent studies on policy interventions to improve access to markets. The chapter concludes by addressing...
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The cellular basis of feed efficiency in poultry muscle: mitochondria and nucleic acid metabolism
Feed is one of the most significant costs involved in animal production, and feed efficiency is therefore a very important genetic trait in animal agriculture. In poultry, a clear link between breast muscle mitochondrial function and feed efficiency has been reported. This chapter provides an ove...
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Maintaining the safety of poultry feed products
Natural and artificial contaminants in poultry feed may result in deteriorated feed quality, reduced performance and increased incidence of disease in poultry, ultimately leading to a significant economic loss for producers. Moreover, since poultry are raised to produce meat and eggs for human co...
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Gut health and susceptibility to enteric bacterial diseases in poultry
Most pathogens of poultry and other vertebrates enter the body via a mucosal portal of entry, and for the vast majority, this means either the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This chapter surveys the main bacterial pathogens found in the GIT of poultry, and examines the process of sy...
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Understanding and boosting poultry immune systems
In the perpetual battle against common poultry pathogens and other environmental antigens, the role of the immune system is an important and ongoing topic of research. This chapter reviews the various elements of the host defence system in poultry, and then provides specific examples of how certa...
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Parasites affecting poultry
Parasitic infections and infestations are a major challenge to poultry production worldwide. This chapter comprehensively surveys parasites affecting poultry, divided into the broad categories of protozoa, flagellates and worms as well as arthropods including lice, bedbugs, flies, beetles, mites,...
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Disease management in poultry flocks
Diseases in intensive poultry flocks may occur due to viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, metazoan or arthropod infections or infestations. This chapter describes disease preventative measures, health monitoring and disease investigation techniques, and the management of sick meat chicken flocks...
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Monitoring trends in diseases of poultry
Disease surveillance is a staple programme in most developed poultry systems and is a cooperative effort between individual poultry companies, regional and national disease control agencies and programmes, public and private diagnostic laboratories, research universities, wildlife agencies and al...
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Viruses affecting poultry
Infectious diseases, particularly those caused by viral pathogens, pose one of the most serious threats to the growth and sustainability of the global poultry industry. The industry relies heavily on vaccination-based control strategies, but there are important challenges for this approach, such ...
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Achieving sustainable production of poultry meat volume 1
Poultry production faces many challenges. This collection starts by reviewing safety, including detection, prevention and control of zoonoses in poultry flocks. It also discusses key aspects of quality such as meat flavour as well wider issues such as the environmental impact of poultry production.
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Achieving sustainable production of poultry meat volume 3
Health and welfare are major issues in poultry production. This collection reviews our understanding of bacterial, viral and other diseases affecting poultry and their effective management. It also discusses ways of managing poultry flocks to optimise their welfare from hatching to slaughter.
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Enhancing the nutritional profile of eggs
The nutrients contained within the table egg can be easily modified or enhanced through the hen’s diet. As such, the egg represents an economically viable functional food that can be utilized to deliver potent bio-active components into the human diet. In this chapter, we review the major targets...
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Advances in understanding and improving the role of enzymes in poultry nutrition
This chapter reviews the current status of research on feed enzymes with an emphasis on identifying the key challenges researchers face in terms of current trends in enzyme development, mechanism(s) of action and enzyme efficacy. It also addresses new research directions and the development of co...
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Alternatives to antibiotics in preventing zoonoses and other pathogens in poultry: prebiotics and related compounds
Despite efforts to develop control measures to reduce the contamination of poultry products, food-borne illness remains a major concern to processors and consumers. Various interventions have been applied in both postharvest settings and preharvest live bird production. Prebiotics are compounds t...
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Laying hen nutrition: optimising hen performance and health, bone and eggshell quality
Hen nutrition must address a number of different goals including maximising egg production, maintaining egg quality, extending the laying cycle and ensuring hen health and welfare. This chapter focuses on the dietary influences on eggshell quality and bone health. It looks first at the role of ph...
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The role of essential oils and other botanicals in optimizing gut function in poultry
The poultry industry has long trusted antibiotics for their benefits in chicken production such as improved feed conversion, growth promotion and disease control. However, the emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance has resulted in the U.S. federal guidelines prompting the animal industri...
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Genetics and other factors affecting intestinal microbiota and function in poultry
The diverse intestinal microbiota of poultry plays critical roles in determining feed utilization, health, and diseases. A comprehensive understanding of how various factors shape the intestinal microbiota in poultry can help develop new dietary and managerial interventions to enhance bird growth...
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The interaction between gut microbiota and pathogens in poultry
The poultry gut harbours a diverse microbiota, which plays a pivotal role in host nutrient utilization and health. Although the majority of this microbiota is commensal bacteria, pathogens are also present. Commensal and pathogenic microbes interact with each other, either positively or negativel...
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Hot weather management of poultry
Maintaining an environment that minimizes stress on poultry is a significant part of obtaining a healthy bird that reaches its full genetic potential. One challenge that producers face is preventing heat stress and maintaining performance in hot weather conditions. By keeping bird body temperatur...
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The role of specific cereal grain dietary components in poultry gut function
Cereal grains constitute the greatest proportion of most practical poultry diets. As dietary components, cereal grains provide most of the dietary energy and help to support the development of the structural and functional integrity of the digestive tract. However, many cereal grains contain one ...
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The role of synbiotics in optimizing gut function in poultry
The impending ban on antibiotics in animal feed due to the current concern over the spread of antibiotic resistance genes makes the development of alternative prophylactics imperative. This chapter presents some of the alternatives currently used in food-producing animals to influence their healt...
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The role of probiotics in optimizing gut function in poultry
The spread of antibiotic resistance genes has created public concerns leading to new laws that restrict the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in domestic and meat-producing animals in several countries around the world. In this chapter, the safety and efficacy of individual monocultures for ...
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Transportation and the welfare of poultry
A variety of factors before and during transport of poultry affect their welfare, with impacts ranging from slight discomfort to death. This chapter begins by considering the pre-loading factors which can eventually affect the birds’ welfare during transportation, and then reviews the physiologic...
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Antibiotics and gut function: historical and current perspectives
Antibiotics play a central role in human health, and the sensitivity of bacteria to these compounds is a natural resource that must be husbanded to keep from losing their effectiveness from increasing antibiotic resistance in the environment. This chapter places the use of antibiotics in poultry ...
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The effect of incubation temperature on embryonic development in poultry
The aim of this chapter is to examine the specific effects of exogenous and endogenous heat on embryonic growth during different stages of incubation, with an emphasis on controlled incubation temperature studies. The chapter explores the challenges inherent in establishing a temperature recommen...
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Gastrointestinal diseases of poultry: causes and nutritional strategies for prevention and control
Gastrointestinal health plays a critical role in ensuring the overall health and productivity of livestock, including poultry. In this regard, antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) have been used to maintain and promote gastrointestinal health. With the industrial strategy of gradual phasing out o...
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Role of prebiotics in poultry gastrointestinal tract health, function, and microbiome composition
Prebiotics have been established as a series of feed compounds that serve as specific substrates for gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bacteria. The general premise is that such compounds support GIT bacteria that benefit the host. In addition, GIT bacteria supported by prebiotics can be antagonistic ...
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Pathogens affecting table eggs
The rise in consumption of infertile hen eggs, together with the simultaneous rise in egg-related foodborne pathogen outbreaks, indicates the importance of understanding the microflora on the eggshell and within the egg contents. Pathogenic microorganisms in a number of ways can contaminate eggs,...
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In ovo development of the chicken gut microbiome and its impact on later gut function
Beneficial as well as pathogenic microorganisms, derived from external and maternal sources, can inhabit the gut of hatchlings. In an effort to optimize the enteric development of chicks and to assist in the establishment of intestinal bacteria populations that are conducive to their good health ...
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Advances in sequence technologies for generating poultry gut microbiome data
The important role of the microbiome in the immune system, nutrient digestion, and disease diagnosis and prevention has been well documented in both humans and animals. In poultry, the microbiome community changes between different organs, and the perturbation of gut microbiota can lead to intest...
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Understanding gut function in poultry: the role of commensals, metabolites, inflammation and dysbiosis in intestinal immune function and dysfunction
Study of the importance of the microbiome to health and susceptibility to diseases has become a leading area of research in poultry science in recent years. The microbiota is emerging as a fundamental force influencing diverse aspects of avian physiology. This chapter examines intestinal immunity...
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Commercial poultry production and gut function: a historical perspective
In the United States, in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, poultry production was only a side operation for many farmers; however, by the 1930s a commercial poultry industry began to flourish. Certainly, today’s poultry industry would never have developed without the many advances tha...
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Understanding gut microbiota in poultry
Research has shown that gut microbiota; the bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi and viruses that reside within the gastrointestinal tract, has a profound effect on the health and productivity of poultry. This chapter outlines what is known about the establishment and development of the gut microbi...
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Controlling pathogens in the poultry gut
Food-borne pathogenic bacteria are all too often found as commensal or transient organisms in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. Many of these organisms do not reveal themselves through illness in the bird, although some do. Therefore, it is important to find ways to apply treatment to all me...
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Short chain organic acids: microbial ecology and antimicrobial activity in the poultry gastrointestinal tract
Interest continues for the development and implementation of alternative feed additives that limit foodborne pathogens in the poultry gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and benefit the host. Short chain organic acids have been employed as feed additives for a number of years. They have been primarily u...
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The contribution of environmental enrichment to sustainable poultry production
Environmental enrichment comprises stimuli added to the poultry housing environment to enhance the biological adaptation of the birds and improve their welfare. By promoting species-typical behaviour, it has the potential to reduce the risk of harmful behaviours and health conditions, and to guid...
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Microbial ecology and function of the gastrointestinal tract in layer hens
With the introduction of next-generation sequencing, a more comprehensive identification of the laying hen gastrointestinal tract microbial population has emerged. There are several factors that can influence the composition and function of the layer hen gastrointestinal tract including age of th...
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Achieving sustainable production of eggs volume 2
Welfare and sustainability are now major issues in egg production. This book reviews nutrition and other aspects of husbandry affecting laying hens as well as the environmental impact of egg production and how it can be made more sustainable.
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Welfare of laying hens: an overview
Although the majority of the world’s laying hens are still housed in conventional (‘battery’) cages, public concern for the welfare of laying hens is rapidly changing the methods by which eggs are being produced and marketed in many regions of the world. However, alternative housing systems have ...
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Achieving sustainable production of eggs volume 1
This collection begins by looking at egg composition and chemistry. This provides a foundation for discussing pathogenic contamination of eggs and methods for its prevention, detection and control. The book concludes by assessing factors affecting egg appearance, shelf-life, nutritional value and...
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Composition and properties of eggshell
The eggshell provides convenient packaging for the transportation of the egg contents. Since the shell is fragile, it must be handled and transported with care. Cracked and damaged eggs lead to financial losses and pose a food safety risk. A greater understanding of the eggshell and its formation...
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Composition and properties of egg white
Eggs are the most economical and abundant source of high-quality dietary protein, and are noteworthy for both their nutritional and functional properties. This chapter provides detailed information about the structure, chemical composition and functionality of egg white. Section 2 reviews the str...
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Genes associated with functional traits in poultry: implications for sustainable genetic improvement
Poultry production primarily focuses on the supply of saleable products. Meat and eggs are classified as production traits and are the focus of improvement in poultry breeding organizations, while the functional traits of birds have received much less attention. However, over the past decade, the...
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The nutritional and physiological functions of egg yolk components
Eggs are of particular interest in nutrition because they contain all the nutrients necessary for human health, except for dietary fibre and vitamin C. The aim of this chapter is to discuss current trends in the study of nutritional and physiological functions of egg yolk. In particular, we will ...
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A balanced approach to commercial poultry breeding
Balanced selection aims to move all of the relevant traits of a breed in the direction of the preferred response. This approach takes into account performance traits of growth, yield and feed conversion, but also gives weight to fitness traits such as fertility, hatchability and early chick survi...
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Achieving sustainable production of poultry meat volume 2
There have been significant advances in poultry breeding and nutrition. This books discusses key developments such as marker-assisted breeding and improvements in poultry feed such as the use of enzymes to optimise nutritional efficiency.
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Marker-assisted selection in poultry
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a form of indirect selection that depends on the accuracy of measuring the marker and the genetic correlation between them. This chapter describes the development of large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with high-throughput au...
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Alternative sources of protein for poultry nutrition
Soya bean and canola meal are the conventional ingredients used to provide protein in poultry feed. However, they are relatively expensive and must be imported to many poultry-producing areas. Developing alternative protein sources for poultry nutrition will reduce the pressure on these key prote...
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Mechanisms for the transmission of pathogens into eggs
Salmonella Enteritidis currently represents the major risk of eggborne disease. The frequent association of this bacterium with egg infection is ascribed to various factors, including its spread and persistence in the breeding environment, its long-term ability to colonize the hen’s genital tract...
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Understanding the natural antibacterial defences of egg white and their regulation
Egg white is poor in the nutrients needed by microorganisms and exhibits remarkable antimicrobial properties. Therefore, it participates in protecting both hatching and table eggs from bacterial contamination. This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the natural defences of egg white and o...
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Determinants of egg appearance and colour
It is essential for the consumer to select those types of eggs that are safe, nutritious and tasty. In this chapter, we begin by giving an overview of consumer decisions about whether to eat eggs and if so, which eggs to purchase. This includes reviewing regional differences in preferences and pu...
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Inspection techniques for poultry slaughterhouse operations: the case of the european union
Poultry slaughter includes complex and challenging operations from a food safety point of view. The food business operator (FBO) is responsible for identifying food safety risks and ensuring that food safety legislation is followed. This chapter considers the goals and prerequisites of successful...
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Safety management on the poultry farm
Transmission and colonization of poultry pathogens and infectious diseases can be controlled, and the colonization of major zoonotic pathogens in the poultry can be minimized, through better farm safety management, phytosanitary measures and a pre-harvest Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Poin...
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Enhancing texture and tenderness in poultry meat
The texture and tenderness of poultry meat are key factors in ensuring consumer satisfaction, and these qualities are significantly affected by how birds are treated before, during and after slaughter. This chapter begins by explaining how, after slaughter, the decline of muscle pH and the develo...
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Broiler breeding flocks: management and animal welfare
Broiler breeders are the parent stock of broiler chickens. Appropriate management in the rearing and the production period is essential to produce a high number of fertile eggs and high-quality broiler chickens. However, research has shown that current management practices may affect the welfare ...
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Sampling and detection of salmonella in eggs
The detection of Salmonella in the edible internal contents of eggshells provides the most incontrovertible and epidemiologically relevant evidence that laying flocks might pose a threat to consumers. Accordingly, dependable tests for Salmonella in eggs remain essential for achieving public healt...
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Advances in understanding and improving the role of amino acids in poultry nutrition
Dietary amino acids are central to optimizing growth performance, meat yield, and egg production of poultry. This chapter addresses amino acid digestibility coefficients for feed ingredients, digestible amino acid requirements of poultry based on production efficiency, and the role of supplementa...
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The effects of housing systems for laying hens on egg safety and quality
Since the turn of the century, there have been rapid shifts worldwide in the housing and management systems used for laying hens. These have been mandated partly as a response to consumer concern for hen well-being. However, factors such as the quality, safety and price of eggs are also very impo...
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