Agricultural mechanization is vital to achieving sustainable livelihood, food security and national development. Mechanization is pertinent for Africa where the predominant production system remains the smallholder’s system. The use of technologies from the West continue to face lots of constraints despite investment. The recent two-wheel tractors imported from Asia is also problematic. This chapter reports a synthesis on the pros and cons of the smallholder mechanization in Africa; it used key informant discussion for case studies on appropriate mechanization and access of smallholder to it in Africa. The study showed that the larger percentage of the smallholders prefers to use mechanization but are limited because of availability of appropriate machines, the cost of owing and maintaining the machines and also the profitability of the smallholding farm enterprise where machines are used. Facilitating good access will require institutional change on access to land, supportive training policies and investments.