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Swapwofost: a combined ecohydrological and crop growth simulation model
The ecohydrological and crop growth simulation model combination SwapWofost is a model that can be used for crop simulation when detailed soil moisture processes, such as for example capillairy rise, salination, etc., have to be considered. It has been succesfully used in the Netherlands, Argenti...
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Crop modeling with simple simulation models (ssm)
Models can be effective tools, and in many cases essential tools, to understand and predict the development, growth, and yield of crops in response to variation in environment, plant genetics, and management. Criteria for such effective models are that they are transparent and robust. The family ...
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Infocrop: a process-based dynamic crop simulation model for analysing genotype x environment interactions in tropical crops
This chapter explains the development, key components, and applications of InfoCrop: a process-based, dynamic simulation model developed by Indian scientists to simulate the growth, development, and yield of major tropical crops. These include wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, soybean, c...
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Bioremediation: advances in using soil organic amendments to manage contaminants in agricultural soils
When the EU Soil Observatory stated that 61% of EU soils are in an unhealthy state, contamination was one of the main reasons. Common contaminants include persistent organic pollutants, drug and veterinary product residues, microplastics, and residues from excessive fertilizer or pesticide applic...
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Advances in dna based methods for assessing abundance and diversity and of soil microbial groups
A revolution in sequencing and bioinformatics technology has led to a steep increase in research studies that include microbial community characterization. Many of these studies utilize amplicon sequencing, targeting bacteria and fungi and seek to draw correlations between the presence and abunda...
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Phytoremediation: advances in soil contaminant immobilization/phytostabilization combining soil amendments and vegetative cover
Remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and metalloids should give priority to risk minimisation by reduction of their bioavailable fraction that poses actual risk. This may be achieved in certain situations, and within a reasonable timespan, using immobilisation/phytostabilization st...
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Advances in analytical techniques for detecting contaminants in soils
Soil contamination, stemming from both anthropogenic and natural origins, remains a critical environmental and public health concern. This contamination spectrum is diverse, encompassing inorganic elements like heavy metal(loid)s—lead, mercury, arsenic—and organic compounds such as pesticide resi...
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The use of sheep in mixed farming systems for improved sustainability
Improving sheep system sustainability is of key importance to producers, processors, retailers and government, yet balancing interdependent and opposing environmental, economic and social factors is a Herculean task. Mixed farming systems provide an option for improving all three facets of sustai...
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Advances in risk assessment of contaminated agricultural soils
Contaminants associated with agriculture is a major concern for environmental health, food safety, and sustainable farming. The contamination, stemming from diverse sources like industrial pollution, use of biosolids, secondary treated water, waste mismanagement, overuse of agrochemicals, and acc...
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Clay mineral-based additives for the in situ bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated agricultural soils
Agricultural soils can be contaminated with range of pollutants, including heavy metal(loid)s, petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), pesticides, and microplastic. Among them, PHCs are associated with oil handling, nearby mining operations, used tires, surface runoff, and agrochemicals. Bioremediation su...
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Biological indicators in laboratory-based soil health testing programmes
Ways of improving soil health are increasingly seen as central to sustainable crop production. However, sustainable soil management clearly requires accurate, standardized and accessible ways to measure and monitor soil health that can be used by farmers. There is a need to translate measures of ...
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Advances in soil quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) techniques for identifying and studying soil microbial communities
This chapter explores advances in quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques for identifying and studying soil microbial communities. The authors begin by describing the principles of qPCR. This is followed by sections discussing factors affecting the reproducibility of qPCR assays, and qPCR targets. The...
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Advances in stable isotope profiling (sip) techniques to track plant-microbial interactions
Soil microorganisms play a critical role in soil health and in delivery of key ecosystem services. However, we still know relatively little about what role individual taxa play in soil processes. Quantifying microbial processes with taxonomic resolution is thus one of the key research challenges ...
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Applications and advances in using phospholipid fatty acids (plfas) as biomarkers in analysing soil microbial communities
Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis is a widely used biomarker-based method for assessing microbial community structure and soil health. This technique provides insights into microbial biomass, community composition, and physiological status by extracting and analyzing microbial lipids from s...
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Using biological indicators to assess the health of forest soils
In this study, we define forest soil health as “the continued capacity of soil to function as a vital living ecosystem that sustains native biodiversity, ecological balances, and ecosystem services in forests.” Soil health, a cornerstone of forest ecosystem health, has seen its assessment methods...
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Trace element contaminants in agricultural soils: challenges and solutions
This chapter explores the challenges and solutions to trace element contaminants in agricultural soils. Trace elements are naturally occurring environmental components but human activities have significantly altered their distribution, leading to contamination across various environmental compart...
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Microarthropods as soil health indicators
This chapter briefly summarizes current knowledge on microarthropod abundance and diversity in soils, their roles in soil processes and ecosystem services, and the agricultural management practices affecting soil microarthropod community. It also provides an overview of sampling, extraction and i...
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Using biological indicators of soil health to assess the impact of particular cropping practices
This review aims to demonstrate the influence of farming systems on biological indicators that are relevant to soil health. Empirical data from published studies informs the hypothetical model that soil health outcomes are related to more diverse cropping systems, coupled with high inputs of orga...
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Enzyme assays for measuring soil microbial activity
This chapter aims to discuss the advantages and limits of enzyme assays used as proxies for nutrient availability in soil and as indicators of soil health. The chapter also discusses the complexity of interpreting soil enzyme activities. It underlines research shortcomings and proposes future res...
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) contaminants in agricultural soils: occurrence and remediation
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution poses potential risks to human health, soil, and microbial biodiversity, presenting challenges for sustainable development. PAH pollution is mostly attributed to anthropogenic sources, such as domestic and industrial runoff or emissions, influenced ...
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Wastewater as a contamination risk for agricultural soils
Treated wastewater (TWW) has become recently a valuable and significant resource for crop production in irrigated agriculture. Use of TWW for irrigation includes benefits (e.g., conservation of nutrients), yet it also poses notable risks to crop production, soil ecosystem, the environment and hum...
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Phytoremediation: advances in soil contaminant phytoextraction by accumulator and hyperaccumulator plants
Phytoextraction is the use of plants to remove heavy metal contaminants from agricultural soil and keeping the contaminants inside their own tissues. If the metal accumulator plants, particularly those called hyperaccumulator plants, that can accumulate relatively large quantities of the heavy me...
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Nematodes as indicators of soil health
Soil nematode communities are composed of both plant-parasitic and beneficial taxa, and are distributed across five trophic groups within the soil food web. These nematodes contribute up to 12% of nitrogen mineralization, making them valuable indicators of ecosystem function. Ecological successio...
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Managing contaminants in farmed soils: case studies from china
Soil pollution has become a major concern in China, driven by rapid industrialization and urbanization, posing a substantial threat to agroecosystems and human health. Approximately 16.1% of surveyed soil sites in China, including one-fifth of its farmland, is polluted, primarily with heavy metal...
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Advances in soil respiration techniques for assessing soil microbial activity
For more than a century, soil respiration measurements have been used to understand soil microbial activity in different ecosystems and contexts. Continued methodological development and advances in sensing technologies are opening new avenues for exploration and insight. Nonetheless, the underly...
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Advances in techniques for monitoring/detecting chemical contaminants in food: chromatography
The chapter focuses on the analytical applications of chromatography within the domain of food contaminant analysis. Gas chromatography (GC) is one of the most popular techniques for detecting volatile and semi-volatile food contaminants. One of the most significant developments in this area is m...
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The global framework for food chemical risk assessment
Chemicals in food can pose a risk to human health. The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) provides a global framework for the risk management of these chemicals, from setting maximum residue limits for veterinary drugs and pesticide residues in food to maximum levels (MLs) for contaminants in fo...
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Developments in toxicokinetic modeling of chemical residues in food
Toxicokinetic modeling is critical for accurately assessing human health risks associated with chemical residues ingested through food. This chapter highlights recent advancements in toxicokinetic modeling, emphasizing physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models that predict internal doses ...
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Developments in in silico tools for safety and hazard assessment of chemicals in food
The chapter on computational toxicology tools provides a basic exploration of their roles in evaluating chemicals in food. Some of these chemicals may pose health risks necessitating rigorous safety assessments. Computational tools may support these assessments by swiftly screening chemicals base...
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The integration of adverse outcome pathways and aggregate exposure pathways for food safety testing: pesticides as a case study
Chemical risk assessment is moving towards non-animal approaches that rely on the mechanistic understanding of toxicity. In this respect, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework is a promising tool to capture chemical-agnostic mechanistic understanding of toxicological processes. AOPs link a ...
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Understanding the role of diet/food as a source of potentially harmful chemicals within the exposome
The intake of chemical substances through food is a critical component of the chemical exposome as food is a considerable source of chemicals and the perfect vehicle for daily and continuous exposure. Traditional dietary exposure assessment methods are still essential tools for understanding and ...
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Assessing pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food
Food control of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) is currently in the spotlight of human health risk assessment due to their widespread presence in our daily diet. Within the last years, food alerts about concerning levels of these alkaloids in food have notably increased, due in part to improvements...
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Contaminants related to high-temperature processing of food
Thermal processing contaminants, including acrylamide (AA), heterocyclic amines (HCAs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are carcinogenic compounds formed during high-temperature cooking processes such as frying, grilling, and roasting. AA primarily develops in carbohydrate-rich foods...
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Advances in human biomonitoring to assess levels of dietary exposure to potentially harmful chemicals from food or other sources
Actual exposure observed by biomonitoring studies in humans provides data on the sum of exposures by different routes and sources of exposure. For dietary risk assessment, these data are essential for determining whether observed exposures are below toxicological reference values and for validati...
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Advances in assessing residues of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants (POP) that can accumulate in food systems. This chapter examines their sources, detection, and mitigation strategies in food. Sources include environmental contamination through soil, water, and air, as well as animal fe...
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The use of effect biomarkers to assess potential effects of exposure to chemical residues from food and other sources
The increasing presence of chemicals in food and the environment raises significant public health concerns, as chronic exposure to residues or contaminants like pesticides, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can lead to adverse health effects, even at low levels. Effect biomar...
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The role of the joint food and agriculture organization/world health organization expert committee on food additives (jecfa) in food chemical risk assessment
JECFA is an international scientific expert committee administered jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) (FAO, 2024). It has been meeting since 1956, to evaluate initially the safety of food additives. Currently, the C...
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Advances in techniques for detecting chemical contaminants in food: electrochemical biosensors
A sensor is defined as a single device that is founded on chemical and physical principles including electrochemistry, fluorescence, thermal, surface plasmon resonance, piezo, reflectometry, chemo and bioluminescence, and optics. More specifically, the term chemical sensor refers or describes a s...
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Advances in chemical analysis of flame-retardant residues in food
Flame retardants are commonly utilized in consumer products to impede or slow down the spread of fire. However, many of these chemicals have emerged as a significant source of contamination in the environment and the food chain. The persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity of flame re...
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Tropane alkaloids in food
Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are known to be present in certain plants but can contaminate crops that enter the food chain, leading to severe toxic effects in humans. This has prompted the European Union to set legal limits for atropine and scopolamine, the most common TAs, in various foods. However, ...
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Advances in assessing heavy metals in food
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the presence, sources, risks, and detection methods of heavy metals (HMs) in food. It focuses on toxic elements such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic, which pose significant health risks even at low concentrations. The chapter explores the m...
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Key issues in exposure assessment and risk characterization of chemical contaminants in food
Exposure assessment is the third step in food safety risk assessment, in which the dietary intake of chemical substances is estimated. The health risk of that intake is then evaluated in the risk characterization, where intake is compared with a Health Based Guidance Value. When the dietary intak...
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Advances in understanding and optimising sheep meat eating quality and nutritional value
The quality of the product for consumers is a strong driver for ensuring market share, maintaining sales and guaranteeing sustainability of sheep meat production systems. Meat product quality is driven by eating experience and nutritional benefits. Decisions made on-farm can influence age at slau...
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Advances in improving lamb survival and health
The survival of the newborn lamb is a crucial component of successful sheep farming. Lambs are more likely to die on the first few days after birth than at any other time and much research has been directed to addressing why this occurs and how it can be prevented. Lamb deaths can be attributed t...
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Changing priorities and practices in the management of parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants
This chapter reviews the challenge posed by gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections in sheep. It sets out the growing problem of anthelmintic resistance (AR) to anthelmintic (AH) drugs conventionally used for GIN control. After reviewing the use of targeted treatments to slow the development o...
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Advances in understanding and optimizing gastrointestinal microbiome and function in sheep
This chapter describes advances in understanding and optimizing gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome in sheep. The chapter focuses on the assembly and development of the rumen microbiome and modulation at early ages. The rumen microbiome of sheep is shaped in early life by deterministic factors (incl...
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Sustainability of sheep production
Sheep production is a long-standing agricultural practice across the world, but the impact of our food production systems on the environment is receiving increasing attention, in particular with regards to climate change. To preserve the industry for future generations, sheep production systems m...
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Improved grazing systems for optimum sheep nutrition and health
This chapter highlights ways of thinking holistically about grass and forage. Getting the system right has huge implications for the sustainability of the sheep sector, in terms of health, production, economics, environmental impact and social cohesion. This chapter focuses on seven elements that...
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Advances in sustainable sheep pasture and grazing management
Like other livestock sectors, sheep production faces the challenge of improving sustainability. After considering the various dimensions of sustainability, this chapter reviews different ways this might be achieved. Firstly, it considers the potential for increasing the number of pasture species ...
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“one health” issues affecting small ruminant production
"One Health" issues affecting small ruminant production are important in both commercial businesses and smallholder farming communities throughout the world. Human food production from small ruminants needs to be integrated with food production from other livestock and from vegetable and cereal c...
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Understanding consumer and societal attitudes to sheep production
Sheep farming contributes to the world economy by producing wool, meat and dairy products and is an integral part of the agricultural sector. Sheep provide important ecosystem services, but their methane emissions can contribute to environmental problems. Transformations in social and consumer at...
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Developments in feed additive supplements for improved sheep nutrition and health and reduced enteric methane
Since the banning of antibiotic use in animal feeds in 2006 there has been much interest in supplementary feed additives to support animal production, efficiency and health. Furthermore, these supplements may offer the opportunity for reductions in enteric methane production. This chapter reviews...
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Improving disease surveillance in sheep populations to support preventative flock health management programmes
This chapter reviews key issues in the design and implementation of disease surveillance systems in sheep populations. It assesses different types of surveillance and flock health objectives, data sources, testing and sampling techniques. The chapter also reviews sampling strategies, including ep...
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Advances in understanding the genetics of production and non-production traits
Sheep production plays an important role in supplying high-quality protein for human consumption and contributes significantly to the global economy. To ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of this sector, animal breeding stands as a vital pillar for continuous and cumulative improvement...
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The use of precision livestock technologies in managing sheep health and welfare
Sheep play an essential role in the rural economy for food production, cultural heritage and landscape. Despite being generally less frequently kept in the types of confinement systems that cause the greatest public concern, sheep are not free from welfare compromise. In recent years, Precision L...
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Improving ewe management for lifetime production
Good flock management is integral to sheep farming. An important aspect of this is optimising ewe lifetime production by reducing wastage (premature culling and ewe mortality). The consequences of reduced lifetime production include financial and environmental impacts, poor flock welfare, and, da...
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Advances in understanding and optimising sheep wool quality
This chapter provides a review of advances in understanding and optimising sheep wool quality. It begins with a review of the microstructure of wool fibres that determine key wool properties and summarises fibre quality criteria and performance characteristics used in the industry. There are then...
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The long path from data collection to sustainable grassland management
Many different techniques are available to observe and quantify ecosystem functions and services provided by grasslands. Measurements need to be analysed and integrated to translate data into management recommendations for adoption in sustainable grassland management. Here, we provide an overview...
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The societal role of grasslands: the case of northwest europe
The call for downsizing livestock production to reduce negative environmental impacts will result in a further reduction in (permanent) grasslands in NW-Europe. This might hamper the provision of important ecosystem services (ES) by grasslands. In this study, ecosystem services of different types...
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Designing and developing multispecies swards for future grassland systems
The use of MSS, also known as herbal leys, has increasingly been recognised as a viable alternative in temperate grass-based agricultural systems to enhance forage yield, quality, and ecosystem health. By integrating complementary grass, legume, and herb species into the sward mix, these systems ...
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99% offConclusion: pathways to resilient temperate grasslands
The aim of this book has been to bring together the best available knowledge on temperate grasslands and to frame this knowledge in such a way that is useful to those who manage, advise on, study and make policy for these systems. The individual chapters of the book describe different scales goin...
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Grasslands and climate change
Grassland ecosystems are vital in global carbon cycling, biodiversity conservation, and agricultural productivity. As ecosystems typically bordering arid or semiarid zones, they are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, which will alter key environmental drivers such as temper...
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Grasslands in new zealand: challenges and solutions
Grassland farming has continued to support the lifestyle and growth of New Zealand since the first shipments of frozen products to Britain in 1882. Its importance remains relevant to the wealth of New Zealand, as a major trading nation in high quality dairy, sheep meat and deer products, with a r...
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Plantain (plantago lanceolata): from weed to multi-functional component in sustainable dairy-farm systems
This chapter explores the potential of narrow-leaved plantain (ribgrass, Plantago lanceolata L.) to perform a range of roles in promoting more sustainable pasture-based livestock systems. The chapter begins by looking more broadly at the challenge of nitrogen losses from grazed pastures. This pro...
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Advances in grazing management
This chapter explores advances in grazing management. First, grassland dry matter production is described, followed by a section on grass measurement adoption. Grazing infrastructure is then discussed. Next, grass growth prediction is highlighted, as well as grass swards and alternative sward spe...
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Advances in managing grassland weeds
The term "weed" is both relative and subjective, defined contextually and in relation to human activities. In this chapter, we discuss weeds in different grassland types, ranging from cultivated feed crops in arable land (leys) to natural multispecies grasslands. As agricultural systems transitio...
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The use of precision technologies in grassland management
In this chapter the authors review the use of precision technologies in pasture-based systems as a mean to achieve these sustainability goals. There is a particular focus on Ireland, given that it has a predominantly grassland-based production system. The chapter reviews traditional measurement s...
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From data collection to decision support tools for the sustainable management of grasslands
This chapter describes the diversity of data available about grasslands, and how such data may be analysed and fuel a variety of tools in order to support grassland management decisions at farm and territory scales, with a focus on EU countries. Specific attention is then drawn to the case of sem...
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The effects of pasture grazing on milk quality
How does grazing affect milk quality and fatty acid (FA) composition? Grazing animals can select, prefer green leaves and have fresh herbage diets rich in poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The environment and farm management affect herbage allowance and grazing time. Milk from grazing-based pr...
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On-farm monitoring of layer flock health using sensors and modern data analytics
Over the last decades, the egg industry in Europe and North America has experienced significant transformations, shifting from conventional cage housing towards cage-free alternatives, with aviary systems offering hens more space and freedom to express their natural behaviours. Nevertheless, the ...
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Advances in shell egg safety regulations and protocols
As one of the most nutritious and affordable animal-sourced foods, shell eggs must be produced in a safe and sustainable manner and their safety maintained throughout the value chain. Government regulations and voluntary sector practices are designed to prevent and monitor the occurrence of biolo...
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Journalism and the metaverse
Journalism has been in a state of disruption since the development of the Internet. The Metaverse, or the future of the Internet, is likely to fuel even further disruption in journalism. This book will provide a critical examination of the implications of the Metaverse for the continuing transfor...
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Operational decision-making
The process of making sound decisions is often difficult to master. The much larger perspective at the operational level requires a more complex and challenging decision-making process than at the tactical level. A campaign or major operation is conducted over a much larger part of the theatre an...
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Improving the processing quality of wheat
This book reviews the wealth of research on how key components of wheat grains can affect the subsequent processing and sensory quality of the harvested product. The book also discusses recent advances in measuring wheat quality characteristics and how grain quality can be optimised for a range o...
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Advances in improving animal feed safety
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the main microbiological and chemical risks affecting animal feed, from bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella and E. coli, to environmental contaminants such as heavy metals and flame retardants. The book also reviews the risks from natural toxins a...
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Instant insights: environmental impact of poultry production
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the environmental impact of poultry production systems and considers best practices for mitigating key emissions.
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Instant insights: soil carbon sequestration
This book features five peer-reviewed reviews on the process of soil carbon sequestration.The first chapter discusses the relationship between soil carbon sequestration and humanity, as well as the global importance of soil carbon sequestration in removing CO2 from the atmosphere.The second chapt...
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Instant insights: silvopastoral systems
This book provides a detailed overview of the range of silvopastoral systems, including hedgerows and riparian buffers, as well as their role in the delivery of key ecosystem services, such as improvements to soil health, water and air quality and biodiversity.
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Farming and land use change to achieve net zero
This book explores key issues in land use change to achieve net zero, including developing national land use strategies affecting agriculture as well as ways to implement particular changes such as rewetting farmland to restore peatland, reforestation and growing bioenergy crops.
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Climate-neutral water management
This book explores sustainable water management as a key solution to water scarcity and climate change, combining scientific innovations, practical strategies, and case studies to support equitable access to safe water and a climate-neutral future.
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Advances in integrated wheat disease management
This book provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in understanding and monitoring major diseases affecting wheat, the challenge of fungicide resistance, as well the range of integrated management techniques used to prevent and/or control disease outbreaks.
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Developments in variable seeding systems for precision agriculture
Variable rate seeding (VRS) continues to advance in precision agriculture, allowing farmers to fine-tune seeding rates and depth across fields based on inherent spatio-temporal variability. Recent developments in VRS technology have been driven by advanced data analytics, sensor technology, and m...
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Developments in precision tillage systems
This chapter addresses the advances in technology that have been aimed at improving tillage systems which should ultimately reduce the time, energy and cost of field operations to help enhance the soil environment and benefit crop production. It highlights the current position in sensor technolog...
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Developments in proximal soil sensing for precision agriculture
Proximal soil sensing (PSS) systems have been developed to measure soil physical, chemical and biological attributes when placed less than 2 m from the soil surface. Various PSS solutions have been intensively used in construction, archeology and environmental assessment. Thus, deploying PSS syst...
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Developments in defining management zones in precision agriculture
Crop yield is driven by the spatial and temporal interactions of soil, plant, atmosphere, pest, and diseases. Therefore, agronomic practices must be tailored to such variability. This management concept is embedded into the formal definition of Precision Agriculture. While technology has progress...
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The role of big data and machine learning methods in precision agriculture
The concept of precision agriculture (PA) refers to the observation, impact assessment, and timely strategic responses to fine-scale variations in the causal components of agricultural production. Big data and machine learning (ML) play integral roles in this paradigm by providing detailed insigh...
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Developments in site-specific irrigation systems for precision agriculture
In modern agriculture site specific irrigation (SSI) involves delivering water to a specific land location to match water application with crop water demand, in order to achieve required crop responses (e.g. in terms of yield and quality) in a cost-effective way. SSI includes the evaluation of cr...
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Developments in precision pasture management systems
Pasture management is an important aspect of dairy farming, making up a significant portion of the dairy cow diet in many countries. Where grazing is the primary feed source, it relies on the quantity and nutritive value of grass. Pasture management involves a number of aspects, such as the measu...
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Developments in precision livestock farming (plf)
This chapter begins by defining what precision livestock farming (PLF) is and briefly reviewing its origins and development. It then takes a step back to review the broader context into which PLF fits, reviewing trends in livestock production, the increasingly complex challenges it faces as well ...
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Developments in robotics and automation in precision agriculture: the role of artificial intelligence:
The chapter explores advances in robotics and automation in precision agriculture, emphasizing the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI). It discusses how AI-driven robotic systems are enhancing agricultural efficiency, sustainability, and productivity by integrating machine learnin...
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Developments in controlled traffic farming (ctf) in precision agriculture
The farm practice of controlled traffic farming as a means of reducing compaction damage to soils is described and its benefits in terms of crop and soil responses are outlined. Particular benefits are in lowering greenhouse gas emissions both pre-farm gate and on-farm. A case study outlines how ...
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Decision support systems in precision agriculture and conservation
Many public and private decision support systems (DSS) are currently developed. The DSS are defined as computer-based platforms to collect, process, and analyze multi-facet data and generate timely and accurate decisions. Modern DSS includes crop, soil, weather observations, real time machine, se...
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The economics of precision agriculture
Within the last 30-40 years several PA technologies have become commercially available however adoption exhibits wide variability across geography, farm type and operator demography. Evidence on economic (financial) feasibility of PA technologies is mixed. The economic profitability of PA and STF...
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Developments in multi-sensor fusion in precision agriculture
Precision agriculture relies upon inputs from several different types of sensors in order to produce the desired maps and recommendations. Usually, combining those different types of data into meaningful information is not trivial, so the development of techniques capable of fully exploring the c...
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Developments in airborne and satellite remote sensors for precision agriculture
Remote sensing has been a crucial tool for mapping and managing soil and crop variability in precision agriculture. Recent developments in high-resolution satellite sensors have substantially narrowed the gaps in spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions between traditional satellite and airborn...
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