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Developments in acoustic techniques to assess livestock health
In this chapter we give an overview of sound monitoring and the applications for different livestock applications (pigs, poultry, cattle) and perform a critical review on the status of the current technological developments.
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Genome editing of tomatoes and other solanaceae
To ensure populations have sufficient, safe, and nutritious food requires a concerted effort that involves politics, economics, farming practices, and enhancement of crops to withstand abiotic and biotic pressures yet remain productive. Keeping pace with population size and stresses imposed by c...
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Poultry health monitoring and management: bone and skin health in broilers
High lameness and contact dermatitis levels persist within intensively reared broiler flocks; a consequence of long-term genetic selection for ambitious production parameters. Key welfare issues include pain, reduced mobility and increased susceptibility to additional pathologies. Fully understan...
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Preventing mycotoxin contamination in groundnut cultivation
Aflatoxin contamination of crops and food poses a substantial threat to humans and livestock worldwide. Preventing various Aspergillus species from becoming established and growing on peanuts (groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L.) can reduce aflatoxin contamination. This chapter describes factors that...
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Russian wheat aphid (diuraphis noxia): an overview
Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) occurs on all the world’s continents and has been extensively studied. This chapter aims to give an overview of this somewhat unusual grain aphid. The damage this aphid can cause is notorious, however focusing on commonalities associated with pesti...
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Harvesting citrus: challenges and perspectives in an automated world
Harvesting oranges has been a challenge for all countries that grow and export juice or fresh fruit. Despite the many advances in agriculture and technology, the majority of harvesting is still performed manually. This crop is formed on trees of high canopy, subjecting pickers to risks and physic...
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Genetics and genomics of immunity and disease traits in poultry species
A major current challenge in achieving sustainable poultry production is reducing risk to animal and human health. Strategies to control poultry diseases utilise selective breeding to enhance immunity and disease resistance. However, immune and disease resistance traits are difficult to measure, ...
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Diseases affecting wheat: septoria nodorum blotch
Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) is an important disease affecting wheat in many of its production areas around the world, and is caused by the ascomycete fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum. Breeding for SNB resistance has been hampered by the polygenic and quantitative nature of the resistanc...
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Developing smart agri-food supply chains
This collection provides an authoritative assessment of the current issues challenging the safety of agri-food supply chains and the recent technological developments implemented to improve safety and quality at all levels.
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The integrated management of bud rot disease and phytophthora palmivora in oil palm
This chapter provides an overview of research on oil palm bud rot disease which severely affects palm oil production in Central and South America. The chapter reviews the approaches adopted in identifying the causative agent and managing the disease. The chapter describes recent research undertak...
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Behavioral changes towards sustainable food consumption
Sustainable food consumption is one key factor that affects the transition towards a sustainable food system. This chapter attempts to highlight the factors that affect this transition considering the multidimensionality of food (e.g. environmental, social, economic, health and ethical effects) a...
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Advances in remote/aerial sensing techniques for monitoring soil health
Remote sensing is a cost-effective method to monitor soil health. Compared with conventional monitoring station networks, it has improved spatial representativeness and no interference with farming activities. For the last few decades, microwave remote sensing has been tested on satellites for gl...
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Assessing the environmental impact of swine production
The swine production industry has reduced environmental impacts during the past 50 years due to productivity gains. However, there are increasing demands on our resource base, and we need robust tools to continue to support the best decisions in the face of environmental challenges. This chapter ...
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Nutrient management practices and benefits in conservation agriculture systems
Nutrient cycling is considered as a key agroecosystem service of Conservation Agriculture (CA). CA brings together major nutrients and organic matter fluxes within the soil-micro-organism-plant system. It also generates organic and inorganic nutrient pools accessible through new biological pathwa...
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The role and application of olfaction in crop plant–pollinator interactions
This chapter introduces the background and theory underpinning use of odours by insects in pollination, discusses how flowers produce odours and highlights issues specific to crops such as selective breeding. It then explores current technologies and case studies in which natural or synthetic odo...
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Advances in understanding the role of rice in nutrition
Malnutrition includes both under- and over-nutrition. The development of rice varieties to improve dietary quality can play a role in addressing both forms of malnutrition. This chapter begins by considering under-nutrition, with an emphasis on the problem of micronutrient deficiency. It reviews ...
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Soil organic carbon on the political agenda
This chapter reviews the challenges in ensuring that soil health (particularly soil organic carbon as a key component of soil health) is fully recognised and integrated into relevant global and regional agreements, legislation and policy. As a case study it assesses the development, progress and ...
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Detecting and preventing contamination of dairy cattle feed
Dairy feed has direct and indirect impacts on the safety of milk and milk products; feed also has implications for animal health and welfare, and the profitability of the dairy sector. This chapter starts with a brief outline of the role of feed in dairy cattle diets, emphasizing the common hazar...
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Integrated pest management (ipm) in greenhouse and other protected environments
Production in greenhouses, high tunnels, and other protected environments is expanding worldwide to allow for more intensive and continual cultivation to mitigate the effects of climate change. Growers want to create conditions that are ideal for the plants to thrive, but these are often the same...
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Prerequisites, procedures and potential of hybrid breeding in wheat
Hybrid wheat breeding offers great potential to deal with increasing demands for food and feed of future generations. Wheat hybrids possess substantial heterosis for grain yield and can combine disease resistance and quality traits with higher grain yield compared to line cultivars. Moreover, hyb...
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Instant insights: genetic modification of crops
This specially curated collection features six reviews of current and key research on genetic modification of crops.
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Advances in postharvest storage and handling of barley: methods to prevent or reduce mycotoxin contamination
This chapter focuses on post-harvest storage and handling practices of barley grain and how these methods can be used to mitigate mycotoxin issues. It also discusses management of insect pests in stored barley and how controlling them can help to prevent huge losses in stored grains. The chapter ...
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Developing bioplastics from agro-industrial wastes for applications in food packaging
This chapter uses the principles of the circular economy to present alternatives to plastic food packaging in order to face the plastic environmental problem. One of the most promising solutions is the substitution of fossil-based polymers for bio-based and biodegradable polymers, among which pol...
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Controlled traffic farming in precision agriculture
In the past few decades, there has been a continuous drive towards the development and adoption of larger, and more powerful, agricultural machinery. Larger machinery is often related with timeliness, higher work rates and lower labour requirements, which has led to significant improvements both ...
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Understanding and controlling salmonella in poultry meat: the role of microbial ecology
In this chapter, understanding and controlling Salmonella in poultry meat is explored. The authors suggest that studies in model systems based on bacteriophage and vaccines could in turn, more generally serve as an invaluable guide for efforts to limit Salmonella and the emergence of resistance i...
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Optimising aquaculture/aquaponics in urban agriculture: developing rooftop water farms
Fresh fish and fresh vegetables harvested directly from the roof, produced with treated wastewater from the building. This is the vision of the Roof water-farm (RWF) Project. This chapter describes how the project has developed by combining a range of existing technologies such as new housing des...
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Advances in guide rna design for editing plant genomes using crispr-cas systems
This chapter discusses the general rules for selecting target sites for genome editing using the CRISPR-Cas technology and summarizes the bioinformatic tools that can be used to design sgRNA sequences.
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Advances in using heat for disinfection/disinfestation of horticultural produce
Research into the development of pre-storage heat treatments is continuing for both disinfection (postharvest decay) and disinfestation (insect control) outcomes. This is driven by loss in availability or efficacy of postharvest fungicides, or treatments for insects such as methyl bromide. This c...
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Non-timber forest products from tropical forests
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) were hailed as a “silver bullet” to provide the economic incentives to conserve standing forests, while contributing to local livelihoods. While the livelihood benefits of NTFPs have been widely acknowledged, the contribution of the NTFP sector to biodiversity c...
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Developments in molecular breeding techniques in robusta coffee
As a perennial crop, faster breeding methods are needed for coffee to be able to cope with the challenges of climate change that lie ahead. This chapter focuses on the state of the art of developed molecular tools, characterized traits, quantitative trait loci and candidate genes already describe...
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Sustainable plum and apricot cultivation
Sustainable fruit cultivation may depend on the combination of a number of factors; these include optimal growing conditions, correct selection of cultivars and rootstocks, and application of modern crop-cultivation techniques. Sustainability also implies promotion of biodiversity, improvement of...
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Instant insights: fertiliser use in agriculture
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on fertiliser use in agriculture.
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Grain legume storage in developing nations
Grain legume grain stored after harvest is subject to catastrophic qualitative and quantitative loss. The major cause of loss is storage insects and mycotoxin-producing organisms, which reduce the monetary value of the grain as well as its food value. This chapter describes the various insect con...
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Understanding the effects of handling, transportation, lairage and slaughter on cattle welfare and beef quality
Handling, transport, lairage and slaughter are stressful for cattle, and can affect the quality of the beef produced. This chapter considers the complexity of each stage of pre-slaughter management arising from the interactions between different types of cattle, different physical environments, t...
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Advances in understanding pathogens contaminating horticultural produce
There is an overall trend in most of the developed countries that confirms the rise in the number of microbial contamination outbreaks associated with fresh products. Major contributing factors are global consumer demand, increasing worldwide trade and the development of new molecular tools that ...
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Practical applications of integrated pest management in horticultural cultivation: the cases of protected tomato and outdoor brassica production
This chapter discusses two case studies where integrated pest management strategies and techniques have been implemented to control pest insects in indoor and outdoor horticultural cropping situations. In particular the case studies will highlight the impact that biological control has had on pro...
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Use of cover crops to promote soil health
Several principles are recommended for improving soil health, including keeping the soil covered, providing living roots as much of the year as possible, increasing biodiversity and reducing disturbance of the soil. Cover crops contribute to achieving all of these principles. In addition to their...
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Understanding the effects of incubator temperature on embryo and post-hatch chick development
This chapter analyses the effects of incubator temperature on embryo and post-hatch chick development.
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Safe and sustainable use of bio-based fertilizers in agricultural production systems
Recycling and/or upcycling of agricultural byproducts containing valuable nutrients back into agricultural systems as bio-based fertilizers can improve the circularity and sustainability of food production. However, in some instances, there may be negative environmental consequences or safety con...
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Precision agriculture and sugarcane production – a case study from the burdekin region of australia
Precision agriculture (PA) involves the use of spatial information about crop performance and the biophysical characteristics of the production system at the field and sub-field scale, to optimise agronomic management decisions. This chapter uses the case study of a 26.7 ha field in the Burdekin ...
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Key issues in breeding and trialling robust cereal cultivars for organic farming
This chapter provides an overview of key issues in organic crop breeding and presents objectives, activities and results of concrete organic cereal breeding projects. Organic crop breeding is a small but rapidly growing branch of organic agriculture. Its primary objective is to develop cultivars ...
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Advances in molecular breeding techniques for rice
For the last two decades, marker-assisted selection has reshaped breeding programmes and facilitated gains from selection. Recent developments in genomic technologies, including the advent of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies and cost-effective genotyping platforms, are effecting shifts...
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Introduction: soil carbon sequestration – a process linking soils to humanity
This chapter provides an overview of the contents of the book and highlights key issues in understanding soil carbon sequestration.
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Modelling transition of agricultural systems in response to climate change
The world is facing the multifaceted challenge of achieving food security for a growing population in the face of climate change. Already agriculture and by extension food security are affected by climate change and these impacts are projected to worsen. At the same time, agriculture and the food...
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Meeting individual nutrient requirements to improve nutrient efficiency and the sustainability of growing pig production systems
Precision feeding involves the use of feeding techniques that provide individual animals with diets tailored daily to production objectives (e.g. maximum growth). A method of estimating energy and nutrient requirements by integrating current relevant knowledge on pig metabolism has been developed...
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The future of dna technologies for improving beef quality: marbling, fatty acid composition and tenderness
DNA genotyping with high-density panels and genome sequencing provide new opportunities for genetic improvement of beef quality traits by genomic selection (GS). Adoption of GS in the beef industry is lower than that in the dairy industry. Lower accuracy of genomic predictions is one of the reaso...
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Advances in understanding health benefits of hazelnuts
Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) are rich in fats, protein, valuable fibre content, phytonutrients and antioxidants such as vitamin E. The health benefits of hazelnut consumption arise from the synergic action of unsaturated fat or bioactive compounds including plant sterols and dietary fibre. Aft...
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Advances in marker-assisted breeding of palm oil
Oil palm, with its long breeding cycle and large land requirement for breeding trials, can be considered as a suitable candidate crop for marker assisted selection (MAS) for breeding. This chapter explores the applications of MAS in oil palm breeding including paternity testing and prediction of ...
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Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture for sustainable development
Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, a common concern of all countries, are critically important for the sustainable production of the significantly more nutritious food needed to feed an ever-growing population in the face of climate change and other drivers. This entails the transl...
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Accounting for uncertainties in modeling the impact of climate change on agriculture
Model-based climate change impact assessments involve uncertainties given the many physical, biological and socio-economic processes involved and their complexity. Among other things, uncertainties arise from unknown future development of greenhouse gas emissions and uncertainties in climate chan...
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Cassava cultivation in sub-saharan africa
In sub-Saharan Africa, cassava is cultivated under a wide range of ecological and agronomic conditions. Cassava’s adaptability to relatively marginal soils and erratic rainfall conditions, its high productivity per unit of land and labour, the certainty of obtaining some yield even under the most...
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