Handling, transport, lairage and slaughter are stressful for cattle, and can affect the quality of the beef produced. This chapter considers the complexity of each stage of pre-slaughter management arising from the interactions between different types of cattle, different physical environments, the manner in which cattle are handled and the methods used for slaughter. The effects of pre-slaughter management on beef quality, including the risk of dark, firm, dry meat and bruising are reviewed in this chapter. Further, this chapter discusses the main factors during transportation, which have been identified as affecting animal welfare and meat quality. Finally, an overview of the extensive research on how handling and slaughter can be optimised is presented.