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Integrated disease management of barley
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecosystem approach to crop production and protection that combines different management strategies and practices to grow healthy crops and minimize the use of pesticides. This chapter looks at how IPM can be applied to barley production, considering the diff...
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Modelling crop growth and yield in palm oil cultivation
Since the development of the first semi-mechanistic oil palm model, OPSIM, the development of new oil palm models has increased in frequency, aiming to take into account aspects of oil palm physiology and the physical processes and causal relationships between the environment and the crop. This c...
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Beak trimming of laying hens: welfare costs and benefits
Beak trimming is a procedure routinely applied in the egg industry to prevent feather pecking and cannibalism. The traditional method of trimming by application of a hot blade (HB) has been superseded by infrared (IR) beak trimming. Both methods are associated with acute pain, but there is eviden...
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Advances in understanding plant root response to nematode attack
Plant parasitic nematodes are damaging pests on all crops grown across the world. They exploit plants using a range of strategies, ranging from simple browsing ectoparasitism to highly complex biotrophic endoparasites. Some nematodes induce the formation of complex feeding structures in the roo...
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Developments in automated systems for monitoring livestock health: lameness
Lameness is a key issue for commercially managed livestock species such as dairy cattle. Lameness can lead to significant economic impacts for farmers and to ongoing health and welfare problems for animals. However, lameness detection remains a difficult and time-consuming task and there is a nee...
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Non-invasive field phenotyping of cereal development
High throughput field phenotyping (HTFP) allows the selection of crops with unprecedented precision, and plays an important role to understand genotype-by-environment interaction. This chapter describes carrier systems for non-invasive field phenotyping, outlines the principles of envirotyping, a...
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Epidemiology and management of apple scab
Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) is the most important apple disease worldwide. This fungus can infect both leaves and fruit under conducive conditions; tissues become increasingly resistant to V. inaequalis as they age. Although there are major resistance genes identified against V. inaequalis, ...
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Biodiversity considerations in the marine aquaculture and fisheries industries
The marine aquaculture and fisheries industries play an important role in global food security and nutrition. However, the natural (aquatic) resources are subjected to over-exploitation. The marine ecosystem also faces significant biodiversity threats that impact the long-term viability and susta...
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Advances in postharvest sanitizing regimes for horticultural produce
Fresh and fresh cut fruits and vegetables are occasionally contaminated with foodborne pathogens, which has led to numerous recalls and outbreaks of foodborne illness, affecting consumer confidence. Leafy greens are more difficult to decontaminate from foodborne pathogens than other types of fres...
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Design and management of globally-networked plant factories: commercial application and future opportunities
Plant production in plant factories with artificial lighting (PFAL) can be done continuously for similar crops regardless of location and climate, allowing interconnectivity of production worldwide. A combination of a PFAL modular system with data acquisition and analysis tools has the potential ...
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Insect pests and integrated pest management techniques in grain legume cultivation
Cowpea is a major staple legume food crop grown and consumed in the dry savanna regions of sub-Saharan West Africa. Cowpea provides much-needed income to both farmers and traders; cowpea grain is also a major source of protein for the growing human populations, particularly, women, infants and ch...
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Assessing the potential economic impact of invasive plant pests
Economic impact assessments are performed as part of a pest risk analysis to determine whether the introduction of a plant pest will result in unacceptable economic consequences. This often triggers phytosanitary measures to reduce the economic risk to an acceptable level. Appropriate techniques ...
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Advances in technologies for monitoring pig welfare
The pig sector undergoes a major transformation characterized by intensification, geographic concentration, vertical integration and increasing scales of production. This creates new challenges for animal welfare. Sensor technology offers multiple advantages for monitoring key indicators of welfa...
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Fiber-associated wheat lignans and colorectal cancer prevention
Wheat, as a staple food, has been largely consumed worldwide. In addition to nutritional values, whole grain including fiber-enriched wheat bran has been reported to provide many nutraceuticals such as wheat lignans. This chapter reviews recent epidemiological and animal data on wheat lignans and...
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Organic seed production, certification and availability
Through evolution, plants produce seeds with variation in speed of germination and, for instance, dormancy to spread the risk of germinating in the wrong season. Although domestication and breeding has created crops with more rapid germinating seeds, compared with their wild relatives, for many c...
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Tropical agroforestry and ecosystem services: trade-off analysis for better design strategies
A large body of research has documented a wide list of provisioning and regulating services from tropical agroforestry systems (AFS). This chapter offers an overview of ecosystem services delivered by tropical AFS and presents practical approaches for trade-off analysis between ecosystem services...
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The use of epigenetics in poultry breeding
Epigenetics is not a commonly used in the selection of parents to breed the next generations. That is surprising as epigenetics can influence gene function, is inherited via mitosis and/or meiosis and can occur both from the female and male lines. Epigenetics have been shown to affect gene-expres...
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Developing hulled wheat-based cereal products with enhanced nutritional properties: emmer, einkorn and spelt
Hulled wheats (emmer, einkorn, and spelt) have low yields but are suitable for organic and low-input agriculture under marginal or high-stress conditions. However, data on the composition of hulled wheats, often also called ‘ancient wheats’ is still scarce, especially on bioactive components such...
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Waste management in egg production
Waste management is an essential component of an egg production system, affecting the environmental impact of production, food safety, worker safety, and animal health and safety. Manure, animal mortalities , and egg washing and processing wastewater are the major types of waste generated in an e...
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Social benefits of Conservation Agriculture systems
Despite the small number of specific articles and reports on the subject, social benefits of CA cover several areas such as farmers’ organisation, soil governance and water conservation, social capital and community development, food security and nutritional aspects that are reviewed in this chap...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of rice Volume 1
This collection reviews advances in breeding techniques as well as improving traits such as flood or drought resistance. It also discusses advances in understanding the nutritional role of rice and ways this can be enhanced to feed a growing population.
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Controlling aflatoxins in maize in Africa: strategies, challenges and opportunities for improvement
Maize is subject to pre- and post-harvest contamination with aflatoxins, which are acutely toxic, immunosuppressive, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic compounds. This chapter describes in detail the current strategies employed for aflatoxin control and the challenges associated with them, i...
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Achieving sustainable production of pig meat Volume 2
Pig production faces many hurdles in meeting increasing global demand sustainably. This volume discusses advances in breeding to improve both productivity and quality. It also reviews key developments in improving animal nutrition.
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Advances in understanding forest ecosystem services: conserving biodiversity
Forest biodiversity is fundamental to ecosystem functioning, facilitating processes such as nutrient cycling, pollination and seed dispersal. A healthy forest provides a range of economic, societal and cultural values and services beyond timber production, including recreation, carbon sequestrati...
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Advances in understanding the development and morphology of the poultry breast muscle: impact on meat quality
In recent years, selection programs in meat-type poultry have placed an emphasis on growth rate, muscling, and feed conversion. Although substantial improvements have been made, there have been modification in the morphological structure of the muscle, muscle regeneration mechanisms, and meat qu...
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The nutritional and physiological functions of egg yolk components
Eggs are of particular interest in nutrition because they contain all the nutrients necessary for human health, except for dietary fibre and vitamin C. The aim of this chapter is to discuss current trends in the study of nutritional and physiological functions of egg yolk. In particular, we will ...
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Advances in understanding apple fruit development
Understanding the ways in which apples grow and develop is crucial for achieving sustainable apple cultivation, which means a regulated crop of apples that provides as high a yield as possible of desired quality while allowing the development of a good and consistent return bloom and cropping in ...
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Managing surface water for irrigation
As the world’s population increases, so does the pressure on water resources to ensure that agriculture continues to meet global food demand. One way of coping with this increased pressure is to improve the management of surface water resources for irrigation, for instance to reduce water losses ...
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Flame weeding techniques
Flaming as a vegetation control method began in the mid-1800s. It is based on utilizing heat for plant control, and has the potential to be used effectively for at least six agronomic crops (field corn, sweet corn, popcorn, sorghum, soybean and sunflower) when conducted properly at the most toler...
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Food losses during production of agricultural commodities
Preharvest quantitative and qualitative losses during the production of agricultural commodities are very significant, though less discussed than postharvest food losses and waste. This chapter explores the various causes of preharvest losses, estimates of their impact and measures to reduce them...
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Growth, development and physiology of grain sorghum
A thorough understanding of how grain sorghum develops is essential in determining how best to manage this crop. Grain sorghum has three predictable phases of growth: vegetative (planting to panicle initiation); reproductive (panicle initiation to flowering) and grain filling (after flowering to ...
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Exploring corporate weather accounting by the UK food retail industry
This chapter explores the extent to which companies in the UK food retail and production industries are disclosing information on weather-related risk, especially in relation to climate change-induced weather risk, in their annual/integrated reports, their sustainability (or equivalent) reports a...
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Mango cultivation in greenhouses
Mangoes are grown throughout South East Asia and in around one hundred countries all over the tropical and subtropical belt. In Japan, as well as in Spain and Portugal, they are cultivated in greenhouses and specific techniques are used to maximise the production and quality and to ensure efficie...
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Sustainable nitrogen management for housed livestock, manure storage and manure processing
This chapter reviews sustainable nitrogen management for housed livestock, manure storage and manure processing. The chapter begins by discussing the various forms nitrogen can take, focusing specifically on ammonia, nitrous oxide and di-nitrogen. It then goes on to review livestock feeding and h...
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Improving cultivation practices for common beans
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is perhaps the world’s most important, and the most widely cultivated grain legume. It serves as a food security crop and meets more than 50% of household dietary protein requirements, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, common bean contributes t...
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Viruses affecting potatoes
The impact of viruses on potato production can be devastating in many areas worldwide. Breeding for agronomic and resistance traits, knowledge of virus species and their epidemiology, together with the development of accurate diagnostic methods have been essential for the development of crop mana...
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Understanding and exploiting the genetics of plant root traits
This chapter illustrates how genomics and other -omics approaches coupled with new-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have been deployed to dissect the genetic make-up of RSA traits and better understand their functions, particularly under environmentally constrained conditions that commonly o...
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Microbiological safety of vegetable produce: the impact of pre- and post-harvest practices
Over the last decade, fresh fruits and vegetables have been linked to at least a dozen major outbreaks of foodborne illness in North America and Europe. It is becoming clear that sanitation alone will not alleviate the problem of human pathogens in produce, and a systems approach is needed to des...
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Developing decision-support systems for pasture and rangeland management
Although there have been several decades of development of decision support systems (DSSs) for pasture and rangeland systems, there is limited uptake of such tools in these farming systems. Historically, there has been confusion between use of DSS tools for either farmers, or for learning and res...
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Advances in seed science and technology for more sustainable crop production
This collection reviews the wealth of recent research on advances in seed science and technology, including key developments in seed phenotyping and seed treatments, and their role in contributing to a more sustainable agriculture.
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Value chain approaches to mechanization in cassava cultivation and harvesting in Africa
Cassava is a basic staple food in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. However, despite the use of improved varieties in some areas, yield levels have remained low due to inefficient production systems. Cassava production in SSA is mainly through manual labour, which is time consuming and ineffic...
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Functional agrobiodiversity for the provision of agroecosystem services
In the context of sustainable agricultural development, the provision of other services beyond production is becoming a priority. We contend that a functional approach to agrobiodiversity is the best approach to meeting such goal in both research and agricultural practice. We have traced the deve...
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Improving phenotypic prediction in dairy cattle breeding using the metagenome
The microbiome can be considered as a holobiont organism that populates different niches in mammals. New advances in metagenomics studies offer new possibilities to incorporate the metagenome information into strategies to improve sustainability of animal production. This chapter explains the imp...
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Neuropsychology of consumer food choice
The neuropsychology of food consumption is a vast subject. This chapter concentrates on how value is established at the neurophysiological level and how it is related to behaviour. This is especially pertinent to the analysis of consumer choice, which refers here to being faced with two or more o...
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Sequencing and assembly of the wheat genome
The genome sequence is an essential prerequisite for defining the complete gene catalogue of an organism, and it provides a framework for identifying and understanding the function of variants associated with phenotypic traits of interest. For wheat, these traits include disease resistance, crop ...
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Agroforestry for hardwood timber production
Managing hardwood trees for high-quality sawlogs within the agroforestry practices of alley cropping, silvopasture, forested riparian buffers and upland (windbreaks) buffers means intensively managing relatively wide-spaced trees and a ground cover as a companion crop on the same unit of land. Th...
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Diseases affecting oil palm
The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the world’s major sources of edible oil and a precursor of biodiesel fuel. This chapter reviews the oil palm diseases which act as a major production constraint in West Africa, South East Asia and South and Central America. The chapter also describ...
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Advances in understanding the biology and epidemiology of rust diseases of cereals
Rust fungi (order: Pucciniales) constitute the largest group of plant parasitic fungi and include many species of agricultural importance. This includes the three wheat rust fungi (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and Puccinia triticina) that have posed a thre...
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Efficient water management and irrigation on farms
The way forward for irrigated agriculture in a warming and water-constrained world lies in integrated policy development and practice, including ‘sustainable intensification’, that considers the ‘food-water-energy nexus’. Such policy should incorporate both climate adaptation and climate mitigati...
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Advances in statistical methods to handle large data sets for GWAS in crop breeding
One of the most important statistical methods of handling large data sets for genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) is quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. Two approaches to QTL analysis are linkage analysis (LA) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping. Even though association and linkage map...
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Genetic modification of bananas: the long road to farmers’ fields
The great challenge for bananas into the future is to develop cultivars with multiple disease resistances, stress tolerance and enhanced fruit quality. The two major development strategies are conventional breeding which will deliver new cultivars and genetic modification which will deliver curre...
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Colonization and establishment of the rumen microbiota – opportunities to influence productivity and methane emissions
This chapter reviews current information in the establishment of the microbiota in the rumen and posterior intestinal tract in young ruminants, as well as its modulation for promoting health and favouring desirable phenotypes. The chapter also provides case studies of early-life strategies for bo...
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Advances in post-harvest detection and control of fungal contamination of cereals
This chapter examines the relationship between cereal grains during storage and approaches which have been used to minimise fungal spoilage and mycotoxin contamination. The role of abiotic factors such as water availability and temperature and their interactions on ecology of spoilage and mycotox...
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Advances and challenges in cherry breeding
Cherry breeding is currently carried out in many countries, by public and private programmes, and sweet cherry cultivars are continuously being released. However, classification into clear-cut groups of existing cultivars is difficult, because there is a vast continuum of morphological diversity ...
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Transport and lairage of pigs
Defects in meat quality cost the swine industry millions of dollars each year. Reduction in stress prior to slaughter can help alleviate these costs. This chapter describes the main events that may contribute to pre-slaughter stress and their impacts on animal welfare and pork quality, from on-fa...
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Key issues facing genebanks in preserving crop genetic diversity ex situ: overview of the range of challenges
This chapter reviews the key issues and challenges facing genebanks in preserving crop genetic diversity ex situ. Local crop genetic diversity is challenged with changes in land use, urbanization, land degradation, changes in agricultural practises, availability of improved varieties, changes in ...
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Advances in understanding the environmental effects of phosphorus fertilization
Agriculture has dramatically increased the efficiency of grain and protein production for the world’s growing population for a given unit of land area. In most cases, this increase has been achieved through crop and animal breeding, increased use of fertilizers, while using less land area. With i...
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Instant Insights: Antibiotics in poultry production
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on antibiotics in poultry production.
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Breeding cassava to meet consumer preferences for product quality
New, high-yielding varieties have transformed cassava from a low-yielding, famine-reserve crop to a high-yielding cash crop for both rural and urban consumers in Africa. The opportunity provided by this high yield in terms of lower production cost per hectare has made cassava a potential crop for...
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Modelling the impact of climate change on agriculture in West Africa
Agriculture involves approximately 60% of the population and contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the majority of West African countries. Agricultural productivity in the sub-region is projected to be adversely impacted by climate change. The sustainability of West Afr...
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The impact of climate change on forest systems in the northern United States: projections and implications for forest management
The northern United States is both the most heavily forested and the most densely populated quadrant of the nation. Forests in the region cover 69.6 million hectares, or 42 percent of the land area. In this chapter we characterize mid- and long-term projected climate change impacts for trees and ...
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Nutritional strategies and management practices to improve poultry meat quality
The concept of meat quality is of primary relevance for both producers, due to the implications for fresh retail and value-added meat products, and consumers, which are increasingly aware of the nutritional quality of food. Beside the genetic background, many environmental factors are able to inf...
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Agriculture, land use and the path to net zero
This book provides a comprehensive review of the contribution of land use for farming to global greenhouse gas emissions and how agricultural land use can be optimised to achieve net zero.
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Instant Insights: Integrated crop-livestock systems
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on integrated crop–livestock systems in agriculture.
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The effects of consumer perception of food safety and quality in food purchase decisions
Consumers expect their food to be safe and of high quality. However, food safety issues can and do occur. This chapter covers a wide range of topics that explain consumer perceptions of food safety and quality and how they relate to subsequent purchase decisions. It begins with a discussion of th...
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Advances in breeding of hazelnuts
Hazelnut (Corylus spp.) is a member of the Betulaceae family, and is widely distributed in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Cultivated varieties differ from each other in such characteristics as nut size, shape, kernel ratio, shell thickness, etc. Key target characteristics for breed...
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GCP21: a global cassava partnership for the 21st century
Since 1998, cassava has outperformed all the world’s major crops in relative production increase. It is also recognized as being resilient to climate change. Its global average yield, however, is only 13 Mt/ha, compared to a potential of at least 65 Mt/ha, partly due to the impact of pests and di...
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Advances in irrigation management in greenhouse cultivation
The advantages of greenhouse include the ability to secure better conditions than outdoor environment for crop growth and development, increased off-season production and autonomy from external weather conditions. This chapter provides an up-to-date critical overview of scientific advances in irr...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of bananas Volume 3
This collection reviews the major pests and diseases affecting global banana production. Chapters explore the key stages of disease identification, development and management, including the initial pathogen diagnosis, the disease cycle and epidemiology, as well as best practices to treat diseased...
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The role and challenges of the private sector in supplying inputs to smallholders
This chapter focuses on analysis of the private sector input supply to smallholders, in Africa. The goal of the chapter is to describe and discuss challenges of the private sector when working with smallholders. There is special emphasis of reliability of demand, purchasing power and logistics th...
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Modelling soil organic matter dynamics as a soil health indicator
The presence of soil organic matter (SOM) is seen as essential for soil health. Modelling SOM in soils helps researchers and farmers understand and predict the effects of different cultivation practices on changes in SOM. This chapter reviews key issues in SOM modelling and the development of inc...
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Managing hedgerows to optimise ecosystem services in agroforestry systems
Hedgerows are composed of trees and/or shrubs and serve as natural fences, often between pastures and arable fields. This chapter discusses the importance of hedgerow management and maintenance to enhance multiple ecosystem services such as biomass production, wind and water protection, habitat p...
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The Sigatoka leaf disease complex in banana
There are three major leaf diseases, now called Pseudocercospora leaf spot diseases of banana, which form the sigatoka leaf spot complex: Sigatoka disease (yellow Sigatoka) caused by Pseudocercospora musae, black leaf streak disease (black Sigatoka) caused by P. fijiensis and Eumusae leaf spot di...
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Instant Insights: Infertility and other reproductive disorders in dairy cattle
This collection features four peer-reviewed reviews on infertility and other reproductive disorders in dairy cattle.
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Developments in physical weed control
Physical weed control is the key method for reducing negative impacts of weeds in organic cropping systems, and remains important even on many conventional vegetable farms. Inter-row cultivation is generally effective, but controlling intra-row weeds remains a challenge. Well-timed use of torsion...
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Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: yams and cocoyams
A large proportion of the world’s yams, which are mostly indigenous to Africa, and the exotic taro and cocoyam are grown in West and Central Africa by resource-poor farmers. Surveys demonstrate recycling and build-up of pathogens and nematodes from one generation to the next because of their vege...
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Advances in breeding and cultivation of pomegranate
The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is among the first cultivated crops in the world. However, consumers’ preference for this fruit was not high for many centuries due to the difficulty of extracting the arils for eating. Recent studies noting the superior pharmacological and therapeutic propert...
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Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: maize
A range of insect pests and diseases compromise the quantity, quality and safety of maize, with a negative impact on the food security, income generation and health of African people. This chapter highlights work conducted by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) on key insec...
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Sustainable carrot production
This chapter reviews developments in carrot cultivation including optimizing root shape, using strip-till systems, improving fertilizer use (including the use of mycorrhizal fungi), and irrigation and harvesting techniques. The chapter also discusses advances in crop protection, including managem...
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Improving the cultivation of pigeonpea
Production of pigeonpea is constrained by agronomic management techniques such as improper methods of sowing, incorrect sowing time, inadequate seed rate, insufficient weeding, imbalance of fertilization, inadequate intercultural operations, insufficient irrigation and inadequate use of fertilize...
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Monitoring plant genetic resources for food and agriculture
This chapter reviews the methodologies developed to assess the extent of diversity of PGRFA at species, variety, and genetic level and examines the efforts made at global level in monitoring them at different scales. Efforts have been made to halt the loss of biodiversity (including genetic diver...
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Genome editing of barley
Although barley is of great importance for the brewing and animal feed industries and is regarded as a model for small grain cereals, only a few results on targeted gene modification using CRISPR/Cas endonuclease technology have been published to date. In this chapter, the frontiers and achieveme...
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Developments in crop insect pest detection techniques
Early detection of crop insect pests is indispensable to farmers and managers. Researchers are increasing exploration of technology that improves capability to sense insect presence and maximize the timeliness, accuracy, and interpretability of the sensed data for targeted management. Traditional...
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Banana plant propagation methods
The ease of banana propagation by taking a sucker and simply planting it has allowed farmers to multiply their banana selections and share them. The banana sucker is a resilient form of planting material as the growing point is protected within the sucker, which contains a corm with a starchy sto...
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Advances in understanding mango tree growth and canopy development
The mango tree canopy acts not only as a carbohydrate factory, through photosynthesis, and as a support for reproduction; it is also the place where vegetative growth occurs and the tree develops. The spatial and temporal proximity of vegetative and reproductive growth in the mango tree canopy le...
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Promoting pollination and pollinators in farming
This collection reviews the wealth of research on understanding pollination processes, the role of pollinators and how best to protect them and the ecosystem services they deliver in crop production.
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Consumer attitudes to cultured meat products: improving understanding and acceptance
This chapter reviews consumer attitudes to cultured meat products, focusing on improving understanding and acceptance of these products. Chapter 12 begins by examining the challenges regarding consumer acceptance of novel food technologies and cultured meat, drawing specific attention to perceive...
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Assessing socio-economic impacts of agriculture
Economic assessments remain the dominating form of socio-economic assessment in agriculture; yet practical implementation often suffers from severe limitations. However, much of the early criticism has slowly been adopted and integrated in the form of significant improvements in the consistency a...
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Advances in automating meat processing operations
Meat processing presents a particular challenge to robotics, as it deals with deformable biological products that lack uniformity: no two fish, sides of beef or chicken carcasses are exactly alike. Meat processing plants have many adept human practitioners, skilled with knives, and has proven ext...
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Life cycle assessment of mango systems
Mango production systems have seldom been studied using the methodology of life cycle assessment (LCA). Important challenges are associated with the application of LCA to the environmental evaluation of fruit systems in general and mango in particular. This chapter describes the core principles o...
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Bioactive compounds in coffee beans with beneficial health properties
In recent years, the health benefits of coffee beverage consumption have received considerable interest. This chapter describes the latest research on the potential health benefits of coffee components including caffeine, phenolics, trigonelline, cafestol and kahweol. The chapter pays particular ...
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Instant Insights: Ensuring animal welfare during transport and slaughter
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on ensuring animal welfare during transport and slaughter.
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Intercropping and crop rotations in cassava cultivation: a production systems approach
Cassava does not have a specific and determined maturity period and it can therefore be harvested over a range of ages, depending on cropping system and socio-economic conditions. This chapter reviews current knowledge on mixed cropping systems (both intercropping and crop rotations) in which cas...
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Developments in rapid detection/high throughput screening techniques for identifying pathogens in food
For reasons of food safety and quality assurance, rapid identification of pathogens causing spoilage and infections in food matrices is essential. Conventional approaches include enrichment of microbial pathogens in a range of non-selective and pathogen-specific selective media, followed by bioch...
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Life cycle assessment (LCA) of palm oil in practice: the example of Malaysia
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool for evaluating the environmental impact of a product or process throughout its entire life cycle. This chapter reviews the application of LCA methodology to assess the environmental impact of the production of crude palm oil (CPO), including the impact of lan...
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Pesticides and agriculture
Pesticides have played a critical but sometimes controversial role in the development of agriculture. This book provides an authoritative account of the development of the modern pesticides industry in the context of broader developments in global agriculture.
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Advances in using proximal ground penetrating radar sensors to assess soil health
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be used for a variety of agricultural applications. This chapter summarizes the GPR background needed to apply this technique to agriculture, including a review of basic principles, data acquisition, and data processing methods. Recent advances in each of these ...
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Advances in understanding iron cycling in soils, uptake/use by plants and ways of optimising iron-use efficiency in crop production
About 1.6 billion people worldwide suffer from anaemia caused by iron (Fe) deficiency. In plants, Fe is involved in photosynthesis, respiration and activation of enzymes. Low iron availability exists in calcareous and aerobic soil because most Fe is present in the fixed or oxidized form. The crit...
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Nutraceutical benefits of eggs
Hen eggs are nature’s perfect source for the everyday diet worldwide. Several components of hen eggs have biofunctional properties in humans beyond normal nutrition and have the potential for being used as active ingredients for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. Consequently, extensive s...
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Breeding and management strategies to improve reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle
Although high reproductive efficiency is critical to sustainable dairy farming, reproductive failure is the primary reason for culling dairy cows in many countries. Yet, high milk production and high first-service conception rates often co-exist in well-managed dairy herds. The use of artificial ...
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