The great challenge for bananas into the future is to develop cultivars with multiple disease resistances, stress tolerance and enhanced fruit quality. The two major development strategies are conventional breeding which will deliver new cultivars and genetic modification which will deliver current cultivars but with added traits. Unlike many other crops, the genetic modification of bananas does not seem to be genotype dependent. As most current cultivars and landraces have at least one deficiency such as particularly disease susceptibility, the ability to modify a broad range of banana genotypes indicates that this technology can be and is being utilised to retain the amazing biodiversity already available. There are already many examples of genetically modified bananas with demonstrated glasshouse resistance to diseases such as Fusarium wilt race 1 and tropical race 4, banana bunchy top, banana Xanthomonas wilt, nematodes and to a lesser extent Black Sigatoka.