About 1.6 billion people worldwide suffer from anaemia caused by iron (Fe) deficiency. In plants, Fe is involved in photosynthesis, respiration and activation of enzymes. Low iron availability exists in calcareous and aerobic soil because most Fe is present in the fixed or oxidized form. The critical range for iron in soil is 10–6 to 10-5 M. Solubility of Fe is governed by various factors such as soil pH, redox potential and root exudates. Hence, there is a scope to increase Fe availability to plants and enhance uptake by adopting various approaches. Among agronomic approaches, foliar application is cost effective and shows an immediate effect. However, soil application of Fe and intercropping of cereals crops with legumes are best long-term options to control Fe-deficiency chlorosis. New fertilizer formulations such as use of nano-fertilizers applied to both soil and foliage are eco-friendly and cost effective. However, to feed the ever-increasing population in the future may require advanced techniques where biotechnology (transgenic) tools play an important role in Fe biofortification.