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Considerations with water for turfgrass in arid environments
Golf course managers in arid environments must manage every drop of water like it is their last. Water restrictions continue to tighten and water costs are increasing exponentially in many areas. While superintendents in arid environments utilize onsite weather data to schedule irrigation, curren...
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Considerations with soil testing in turfgrass
Soil testing can be a valuable method to help turfgrass managers make fertilizer decisions and choosing the most appropriate soil test extractant is key. This depends on soil properties and the availability of correlation data for turfgrass species in the desired region. This chapter describes co...
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Coffee wilt disease
In the early 20th century, coffee wilt disease (CWD) caused by the vascular wilt pathogen, Fusarium xylarioides, spread across Africa destroying coffee trees, reducing yields and significantly impacting producer livelihoods. Through systematic sanitation and establishment of breeding programmes ...
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Clonostachys rosea to control plant diseases
The fungus Clonostachys rosea was recognized as an aggressive parasite on other fungi already in the late 1950s. Research into its potential use in biological control of plant diseases soon followed. Today, there are several commercial products based on C. rosea available for biocontrol applicati...
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Chicken egg storage and transport
Chicken eggs will not maintain peak hatchability for long when the eggs are stored. The chapter describes how both egg quality and embryo development will influence the effect of egg storage, considers practical aspects of using storage temperature, humidity and egg turning to keep eggs in good c...
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Bioreactors for cell multiplication in cultured meat product development
Cultured meat holds a great promise with its potential to satisfy the growing demand for meat while reducing harm to animals and the negative environmental impact of livestock husbandry at the same time. However, high cell numbers are required for sufficient meat production. Consequently, high ce...
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Benefits and trade-offs of soil organic carbon sequestration
Soil organic carbon sequestration has received increasing attention due to the important benefits it can have for ecosystem services and in particular food production, climate change mitigation and adaptation. Indeed, soils rich in organic carbon are, in general, more fertile and support plant gr...
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Biocontrol via mycoviruses: a neglected option for bioprotection?
Virocontrol involves biocontrol of pathogens via hypovirulence-causing mycoviruses. This chapter discusses the characteristics of mycoviruses and the conditions that need to be met to make a successful virocontrol agent. The chapter describes one of the success stories so far, that of virocontrol...
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Assessing the impact of pesticides on pollinators
This chapter provides an overview of the history of pollination biology, it begins by discussing the basics of pollination and goes on to discuss pollinators and their diversity. Sections also cover the ecology and evolution of floral traits, domestication and its impact on plant-pollinator relat...
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Approaches to strengthen women’s land rights and tenure security through agricultural programming
This chapter is an introduction for gender and agriculture practitioners on why and how to strengthen smallholder women’s land rights and tenure security through agricultural development programming. Smallholder women farmers have disproportionately limited and insecure land rights and have less ...
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Applying population-based threshold models to quantify and improve seed quality attributes
Achieving rapid and uniform stand establishment in crops requires a combination of high-quality seeds and appropriate environmental conditions. In particular, temperature and soil moisture (or water potential) are the major factors influencing germination in the field. In this chapter, we focus o...
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Altering crop management practices to promote pollinators
Agricultural intensification, or the increase in crop production per unit of input or land area to meet the needs of a growing population, has resulted in a landscape dominated by large scale monoculture cropping. Pollinators, specifically, are impacted by the lack of diverse floral and habitat r...
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Agriculture practices to improve soil carbon storage in upland soil
Increasing carbon storage in soils is one way of mitigating climate change. Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils through improved management is particularly interesting, because of low costs and technical readiness. In this chapter, we synthesize current knowledge on the impact of managemen...
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Agricultural practices to improve soil carbon sequestration in rice paddy soils
Paddy rice systems are characterized by waterlogged conditions with high potential for CH4 emissions and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the net global warming potential (GWP) of soil management considering SOC stock changes, and CH4 and N2O fluxes....
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Advances in understanding the genetics of pig behaviour
Breeding for behavioural traits may improve pig welfare and breeding for high production may decrease pig welfare. Maternal behaviours important for piglet production includes savaging, crushing and nursing. Behaviours of importance for production of pigs for slaughter includes feeding behaviour,...
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Advances in understanding texture development in apples
This chapter reviews advances in understanding texture development in apples. It starts by first describing the anatomy and physiology of fruit texture traits. This is then followed by an evaluation of fruit texture parameters. The chapter goes on to discuss the influence of growing conditions, t...
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Advances in understanding allelopathic interactions between weeds and crops
This chapter focuses on advances in understanding allelopathic interactions between weeds and crops. In the first part, we discuss allelopathy in crop-weed interactions while the second part focuses on practical aspects of allelopathy with reference to IWM. The first part includes a detailed disc...
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Advances in techniques for trapping crop insect pests
Pest monitoring is a fundamental requirement of integrated pest management. To minimise and target the use of pesticides, it is necessary to know when insect pests are present within the crop and whether their densities warrant control. There are many designs of trap to monitor insect pests. This...
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Advances in proximal sensor fusion and multi-sensor platforms for improved crop management
Numerous studies referred to in this book and in other publications have examined the relationship between a proximal sensor, or remote sensing with crop yield and other attributes of interest to precision agriculture. Combining data from two or more sensors tends to increase the relationship bet...
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Advances in mechanical weed control technologies
Mechanical weed control can be grouped into three categories: full-width cultivators, inter-row cultivators and intra-row cultivators. This chapter will highlight the most recent and relevant advances within each category. The focus will be on novel inventions and developments of mechanical devic...
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Advances in measuring soil organic carbon stocks and dynamics at the profile scale
Accurate estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and dynamics along the soil profile is challenging due to the immense diversity and complexity of soils leading to the spatio-temporal variability of the parameters of interest. It is conducted in a wide range of different frameworks with di...
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Advances in managing organic matter in turfgrass ecosystems
Organic matter (OM) management is a critical component in sustainable turfgrass management. Organic matter improves the soils’ ability to hold nutrients and water. However, when OM accumulation is excessive, several detrimental effects develop. Turfgrass is a tillering plant, producing a consid...
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