This book presents a coherent and physically transparent picture of fundamental processes in plasmas that stem as a consequence of discreteness. This is achieved by building up the theory from first principles, underlining the major assumptions invoked on the way, performing the derivations in sufficient detail and discussing in depth the physics that lie beneath the mathematical expressions.  The suggested literature section contains a well-described reading list with important books and monographs not only from the plasma physics field but also from other fields (e.g. strongly coupled liquids, solid state physics) in order to demonstrate the interdisciplinary nature of the theory and to illustrate how physical ideas can migrate from one field to another seemingly disconnected field.