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Decision-support systems for pest monitoring and management
This chapter reviews the role of decision support systems (DSS) for pest monitoring and management through information technology like remote sensing, GIS, spectral indices, image-based diagnostics, expert systems and phenology-based degree day models. Applications range from rule-based models to...
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Advances in robotic milking
In recent years, growth in the number of robotic milking installations on farms has been driven by the need for better labour management and also for improved quality of life for dairy producers. This chapter reviews published research on such robotic milking systems (RMS). Aspects related to bar...
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Dynamics of water storage and retention in soil
Water storage and retention is one of the most important ecological and agricultural properties of soil, since soil is the main water source for most plants. The present chapter discusses different ways of defining, measuring and modelling soil water retention capability, which varies according t...
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Climate-smart crop production: understanding complexity for achieving triple-wins
Climate-smart cropping options aim to simultaneously improve crop productivity, adapt to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter provides a concise overview of a wide range of climate-smart cropping options and investigates in detail the potential of conservation agricult...
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Advances in irrigation techniques in vegetable cultivation
Water for agricultural use accounts for a very high percentage of worldwide water consumption. In order to maximize productivity and profitability, while reducing the environmental impact of vegetable farming, growers must choose the correct irrigation system for their crop as well as determine t...
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Seed systems and diversity
Farmers use various seed systems to obtain seeds for their next crop. The diversity of seeds determines, together with other aspects of the farming system, the biodiversity in farmed areas. Conservation strategies for crop genetic resources distinguish ex situ, on-farm and in situ components. The...
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Management of carbonate-rich soils and trade-offs with soil inorganic carbon cycling
Carbonate-rich soils are common in many arid and semiarid areas. Many of them are cultivated, and agriculture is expanding by the spreading of irrigation. Although the soil mineral fraction has been usually considered little or not affected by agricultural management in the short term, increasing...
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Natural capital and biodiversity accounting in palm-oil production
This chapter reviews natural capital and biodiversity accounting in Malaysian palm-oil production. It outlines the palm-oil industry’s impact on biodiversity and natural capital. It then assesses the transparency of sustainability information in the Malaysian palm-oil industry. Five initiatives f...
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Sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites affecting sheep
The threat of anthelmintic resistance has loomed over recommendations to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep for several decades, and in some regions GIN is threatening the sustainability of sheep farming. This chapter describes the current state of options to achieve sustainable c...
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The nutraceutical properties of rice
This chapter reviews rice varieties and variations in nutritional content, bio-fortification of rice and antioxidants in rice. It also reviews the impact of breeding, cultivation and processing on the nutritional quality of rice.
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The role of habitat conservation and restoration in protecting pollinators in agricultural landscapes
This chapter focuses on challenges and options in habitat restoration for solitary bees which account for 90% of bee species. As well as being important parts of local ecosystems, these species are pollinators of a wide range of crops such as alfalfa, tomato, eggplant and blueberries, cucurbit cr...
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Genetics and other factors affecting intestinal microbiota and function in poultry
The diverse intestinal microbiota of poultry plays critical roles in determining feed utilization, health, and diseases. A comprehensive understanding of how various factors shape the intestinal microbiota in poultry can help develop new dietary and managerial interventions to enhance bird growth...
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Biological basis of soil organic carbon sequestration: a complex set of interactive processes
In this chapter we propose a conceptual framework to guide understanding of the complex nature of the underlying biological processes involved in soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. We analyze, step by step, the conditions that promote an accumulation of organic matter in the soil and the ma...
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Drainage requirements to maintain soil health
The effective management of soil water conditions is essential for ensuring healthy plant growth and optimum yield. Drainage is the primary technique by which producers keep soil water conditions at or near optimum for plant growth. A well-designed drainage system may result in a number of benefi...
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Advances in understanding modes of action of microbial bioprotectants
Plant-associated microorganisms are involved in important functions related to growth, performance and health of their hosts. Understanding their modes of action is important for the development and application of microbial bioprotectants and biostimulants. Recent studies have revealed manifold p...
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Improving biosecurity in poultry flocks
The last few decades have seen the emergence and re-emergence of several infectious pathogens of importance in poultry. Large production sites have benefitted from biosecurity measures to minimize the impact of these pathogens. Efforts have focused on reducing sources of contamination through cle...
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Good practice in minimising the development of fungicide resistance in crop pathogens
Good practice requires consistent resistance management messages, based on sound evidence, communicated to farmers and advisers by key stakeholders. Understanding of resistance has been revolutionised by a combination of new techniques for genotyping, phenotyping, experimentation and modelling. Y...
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Advances in pre-harvest management of apple quality
Fruit quality attributes such as colour, firmness, crispness, juiciness and flavour are the primary factors that drive consumers choice when purchasing apples. Many of these characteristics are inherent with the genetics of the cultivar. However, several pre-harvest factors can be managed horticu...
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Maintaining soil health in dryland areas
Drylands cover 40% of the global terrestrial space and are home for 2 billion people, often the most vulnerable. Land use is dominated by rangelands and much less by croplands, while barren areas with sparse vegetation mixed with rock outcrops are widespread. In spite of their hostile nature, dry...
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The use of plant extracts as dietary supplements in dairy cow nutrition: saponins
Saponins are steroid or triterpene glycoside compounds found in a variety of plants. Some saponins-containing plants have been used in ruminant nutrition with the most known and The main effect of saponins appears to inhibit ruminal protozoa (i.e., defaunation), which might increase rumen microbi...
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Instant Insights: Improving the shelf life of horticultural produce
This collection provides a detailed insight into the methods used to improve the shelf life of horticultural products, focussing on how the implementation of these methods can contribute to reducing the amount of global food loss and waste in the horticultural sector. Chapters explore the role of...
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Integrated pest management in wheat cultivation
This chapter provides an overview of integrated pest management (IPM) in wheat cultivation. IPM uses biological, cultural and chemical methods in a compatible way. A wide variety of biological control agents contribute to pest control in wheat and successful IPM strategies require looking at the ...
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Measuring and assessing beef quality and sensory traits for retailers and consumers
Verifying qualities that contribute to a pleasurable eating experience prior to consumption is an obstacle for the beef industry. There are many ways to assess eating quality, such as sensory evaluation, shear force measurement and relying on the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) quality gradin...
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Cassava cultivation and soil productivity
Cassava is becoming an ever more important crop, and over the past 20–30 years its planted area has increased faster than that of any other food crop. However, yields are still low due to the fact that the crop is usually grown on infertile soils and without adequate soil and crop management. Thi...
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Advances in microbiological assessment of the shelf life and spoilage of ready-to-eat (RTE) poultry meat products
Ready-to-eat (RTE) poultry meat products can be contaminated with pathogens and spoilage microorganisms after the cooking step, contributing to food spoilage losses and increasing the risk to consumers. Antimicrobials applied to RTE meats tend to be broad-spectrum in their activities with differi...
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Factors affecting flavour development in beef
Many attributes of the eating quality, especially tenderness, of beef have received much attention in research over the years. However, it has been widely accepted that one of the major attributes that make beef unique is its flavour; in fact, recent research has shown that it is flavour that is ...
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Meeting computer vision and machine learning challenges in crop phenotyping
Use of imaging data has become more profound with the advent of digital cameras, the internet, and automation. With advances of computer vision, actionable information can now be extracted from images to advance the study of plants and their phenotype. In this chapter we document the experience o...
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Advances in insect pest monitoring using pest population growth and geospatial data for pest risk assessment
Insect pest monitoring serves to evaluate pest severity over time and space. Special attention is given to acquiring and estimating pest population levels and affiliated variables that may influence trajectory of pest severity within and across crops and other habitat. The chapter reviews approac...
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Instant Insights: Bacterial diseases affecting pigs
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on bacterial diseases affecting pigs.
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Embryo development and hatchery practice in poultry production
This collection reviews the latest research on embryo development, as well as the effects of incubation and the hatching stage on chick health, welfare and production traits.
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Achieving durable disease resistance in cereals
This collection reviews advances in the key areas required to achieve durable disease resistance in cereal crops, from advances in understanding pathogen biology/epidemiology and plant pathogen interactions to identifying sources of resistance and advance techniques for breeding new varieties.
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Apple mosaic virus: biology, epidemiology and detection
Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) has been detected in apple and also in a number of other plant taxa including other members of the Rosaceae, hazelnut, hop, birch and a number of perennial weed species. This chapter comprehensively details how the virus is spread and describes the symptoms displayed by ...
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Optimising poultry flock health
This collection reviews the range of recent research on improving our understanding of the mechanisms of disease transmission and how this understanding can be used to improve poultry flock health.
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Improving smallholder dairy farming in Africa
An estimated 80% of the milk produced in Africa is from smallholder farming systems where producers rear less than 10 head of cattle on land sizes that vary from 0.2 to 4 hectares. Smallholder farmers rear a wide variety of genotypes in a variety of mixed crop and livestock systems, reflecting th...
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Advances in postharvest management of cereals and grains
Part 1 of this collection assesses the causes of postharvest losses. Part 2 reviews advances in storage technologies, including management of insect pests using techniques such as fumigation, controlled atmospheres and biopesticides, as well as control of fungal contamination.
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Amenity and recreation values of tropical forests: an ecosystem services perspective
This chapter discusses the role of ecosystem services (ESS) in enhancing recreational and amenity services of tropical forests. It outlines the relationship between forests, recreation and tourism, including the concepts and issues involved in policy making. This chapter discusses the challenges ...
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Modelling the impact of climate change on agriculture in North Africa and Southwest Asia
The impacts of climate change on food production in North Africa and Southwest Asia are severe, with rising temperatures and prolonged dry spells adversely affecting crop productivity and quality. Crop models are utilized to evaluate the impact of climate change and the potential of adaptation st...
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Understanding post-harvest deterioration of mangoes
Post-harvest deterioration in the quality of mangoes is determined in large measure by pre-harvest factors ranging from the cultivar grown to orchard management and harvest practices. This chapter describes the changes related to ripening in mangoes and the pre-harvest, in-harvest and post-harves...
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Genetics and genomics of behavioral and welfare traits in poultry species
This chapter reviews current research on the genetics of behavioral traits in poultry, particularly layers. The focus is particularly on aggressive behaviors such as feather pecking which remain a serious problem in both cage and alternative non-cage systems. The chapter shows the complex interac...
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Migrant labour in agriculture: ethical issues and challenges
This chapter discusses the key role of migrant workers in agriculture as well as policies regulating their role and conditions of employment. There is a particular focus on the European Union (EU) with the example of Italy to illustrate issues and policies at a national level. The chapter discuss...
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Advances in grasping techniques in agricultural robots
This chapter provides an overview of the state of the art for grasping and manipulation in agricultural settings. It begins with a review of the robotic mechanisms commonly used for manipulation and grasping. The discussion then addresses issues associated with the integration of different techno...
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Assessing the environmental impact of commercial-scale cultivated meat production
This chapter draws attention to assessing the environmental impact of commercial cultivated meat production. To provide some context, the chapter first focuses on the environmental impacts of livestock production, specifically the impact of land use and biodiversity, climate change as well as the...
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Improving nutrient management in the cultivation of ornamental plants in greenhouse, container and field production
This chapter reviews nutrient management in different production systems for ornamentals. Proper nutrition in containerized and field grown plants is essential for maximized growth and profitability. Macro- and micro-nutrients along with substrate or soil amendments ensure that plants remain hea...
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Advances in understanding the needs and improving the welfare of transition dairy cows
One of the most challenging time periods in a dairy cow’s life is when she gives birth and transitions into lactation (the ‘transition’ period). This chapter reviews the latest research assessing the welfare of transition cows. The chapter begins by focusing on the biological health of dairy cows...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of tree nuts
This collection reviews the wealth of research addressing key issues facing the cultivation of tree nuts. Part 1 discusses the health benefits of tree nuts. Part 2 addresses safety issues. The remaining parts assess advances in breeding, cultivation and the management of pests and diseases.
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The Hessian fly: a destructive pest of wheat and barley
Hessian fly is a global pest of wheat. Traditional control methods for this pest include implementing fly-free planting dates, stubble plow down and use of resistant cultivars. These methods face challenges due to changes in climate and cultural practice. Fly-free dates are no longer useful or ne...
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Optimizing welfare in transport and slaughter of cattle
Transport represents one of the most stressful events an animal may experience. Its impact on the welfare of beef and dairy cattle is frequently underestimated, as are the effects of transport on carcass quality issues such as bruises and dark cutting beef. For ease of discussion, the process is ...
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Maintaining the safety of poultry feed products
Natural and artificial contaminants in poultry feed may result in deteriorated feed quality, reduced performance and increased incidence of disease in poultry, ultimately leading to a significant economic loss for producers. Moreover, since poultry are raised to produce meat and eggs for human co...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of sugarcane Volume 1
Sugarcane is the source of 80% of the world’s sugar. This volume reviews key research on improving sugarcane production, focussing on enhancing cultivation techniques such as irrigation and nutrient management as well as measuring and improving sustainability.
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Instant Insights: Improving the sustainability of dairy production
This book provides a detailed overview of recent research that considers how modern dairy production can be optimised to reduce its environmental impact and contribute to achieving a more sustainable agriculture.
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The nutritional and nutraceutical value of walnut
Walnut fruit is rich in vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals, proteins and unsaturated fats which promote human health. Walnut kernels also contain a very high amount of serotonin which is a neurotransmitter involved in regulating moods, feelings of happiness, sleep, anxiety and blood pressure. Waln...
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Alternatives to antibiotics in preventing zoonoses and other pathogens in poultry: prebiotics and related compounds
Despite efforts to develop control measures to reduce the contamination of poultry products, food-borne illness remains a major concern to processors and consumers. Various interventions have been applied in both postharvest settings and preharvest live bird production. Prebiotics are compounds t...
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Understanding resistance to oxysterol binding protein inhibitor fungicides
Downy mildews and late blight are important crop diseases caused by oomycetes which often require the use of fungicides with a cost of control estimated at $2 billion annually. In recent years, the crop protection industry has been rather successful in discovering and introducing plant protection...
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Integrated disease management strategies in sugarcane cultivation
Sugarcane diseases cause severe losses to sugar production around the world. More than 100 bacterial, fungal, phytoplasma and viral diseases are present in sugarcane-growing areas worldwide. Some diseases are present in most sugarcane-growing regions while others are confined to specific countrie...
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Identifying and managing plant health risks for key African crops: vegetables
In many West African countries, vegetable production is a key sector of urban and peri-urban agriculture. However, production is undermined by biotic constraints, mainly arthropod pests, disease-causing organisms and plant parasitic nematodes. In an attempt to combat this, farmers frequently use ...
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Understanding and boosting poultry immune systems
In the perpetual battle against common poultry pathogens and other environmental antigens, the role of the immune system is an important and ongoing topic of research. This chapter reviews the various elements of the host defence system in poultry, and then provides specific examples of how certa...
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Modelling agroforestry systems
An agroforestry system is an interconnecting network of woody vegetation with crops and/or animals that work together. This chapter sets out to discuss how to model such systems, which can be highly complex in nature. In the first section, the authors look at the current state of agroforestry mod...
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Insect pests of fruit: aphids
Aphids (Homoptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae) currently include 5575 valid species. They are characterized by some peculiar morphological and biological characteristics that make these insects unique organisms. Although often under-reported, it is estimated that aphids cause very high economic lo...
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Quantifying the role of livestock in climate change
The livestock sector has grown to a massive size, with rapid changes in areas such as animal traits and management. Despite gains in productivity, often accompanied by reduced emissions intensity and land use extent, the livestock sector: i) is the largest anthropogenic emitter of methane, ii) h...
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Milk composition and properties: interspecies comparison
The present chapter is a comparative presentation of the characteristics of milk produced from ruminants – cow, buffalo, goat, sheep, yak, camel - and equids - donkey and horse -. Emphasis is on topics associated with technological and nutritional/biological performance of milk, i.e., fat globule...
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Bio-effectors to optimize the mineral nutrition of crop plants
The generic term “bio-effector” refers to the wide range of living organisms and natural compounds that can be used as active agents in biological approaches for crop production. They provide components in bio-stimulants and other products that improve the ability of crops to metabolize nutrients...
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Wheat midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana): management in the Northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada
This chapter examines wheat midge and its management in the Northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada. The chapter first provides an overview of the morphology of wheat midge at each stage of its life cycle. It then moves on to discuss the life cycle of the pest in more depth. The dam...
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Advances in sustainable dairy cattle nutrition
This collection reviews the wealth of research on recent advances in improving dairy cattle nutrition to balance the needs of animals with minimising the environmental impact of both livestock feed and dairy production.
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Integrated weed management in perennial woody crops
Perennial woody crops span over a broad variety of species in Europe with olive and vine being the most cultivated tree crops. Nowadays, the increasing problem of herbicide resistance, the possible withdrawal of herbicides from the EU market and their effects on farmland biodiversity are driving ...
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Advances in understanding arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal effects on soil nutrient cycling
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi assist with plant acquisition of nutrients, with most studies focussing on the nutrient forms taken up and translocated to the host. Recent studies have focussed on how extraradical fungal hyphae can affect nutrient ransformations, leaching and movement. However,...
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Sustainable use of energy in greenhouses
Greenhouse crops are continuously under pressure of infestations by a wide range of pests and diseases. This chapter describes the myriad practices that can contribute to managing pests and diseases, and how to integrate these practices in an ecologically based integrated pest management (IPM) ap...
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Developing maize-breeding methods and cultivars to meet the challenge of climate change
Sustainable maize production will be possible only with the development of the next generation of maize products carrying genetic diversity. This chapter addresses ideas to develop not only unique cultivars but also breeding methodologies to better assist breeders managing genetically complex tra...
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Inspection techniques for poultry slaughterhouse operations: the case of the European Union
Poultry slaughter includes complex and challenging operations from a food safety point of view. The food business operator (FBO) is responsible for identifying food safety risks and ensuring that food safety legislation is followed. This chapter considers the goals and prerequisites of successful...
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Nested association mapping in barley to identify extractable trait genes
Wild germplasm contains a wealth of alleles, which are useful in modern agriculture. Nested association mapping (NAM) makes use of wild germplasm by developing multi-parental populations after crossing a single elite cultivar to a number of exotic donors. The resulting NAM lines are subsequently ...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of hemp
This book reviews the wealth of research on the global production of industrial hemp, its contribution to the development of more sustainable products, as well as the social, business, economic and political issues that can arise as a result of its production.
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Visualising plant colonisation by beneficial bacteria: a key step to improve the understanding of plant–microbe interactions
Plants contain diverse microorganisms that interact with their hosts and with each other. Beneficial bacteria can be utilised on crops to protect plants against biotic and abiotic stresses and to stimulate plant growth. However, the behaviour of specific microorganisms on and within plants is sti...
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Optimising sow and piglet welfare during farrowing and lactation
Optimising welfare in the farrowing and lactation environment involves resolving the concerns regarding continued use of close confinement systems, such as the farrowing crate for the sows and the lack of provision of environmental enrichment to provide for behavioural needs. For piglets the main...
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Advances in detection and management of phosphine resistance in stored grain pests
Phosphine gas has become the world’s primary fumigant for disinfestation of stored grain. Development and increase of strong resistance to phosphine is a threat to the continued use of phosphine and there are limited alternatives currently available. Understanding how phosphine resistance arises ...
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Modeling the impact of climate change on agriculture in Latin America
This chapter provides an overview of crop modeling in three Latin American countries: Chile, Colombia and Brazil. It assesses model characteristics, strengths and weaknesses and areas for future development. The chapter includes developments in modelling the impact of climate change on key crops:...
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Poultry welfare monitoring: wearable technologies
This chapter reviews poultry welfare monitoring, specifically focusing on wearable technologies. It begins by discussing the use of radio-frequency identification technology (RFID) systems in chickens and other housing systems. The chapter then goes on to address wearable sensors and acceleromete...
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Identifying genes for yield-related traits under drought stress conditions in durum wheat
Abiotic stress strongly affects yield-related traits in durum wheat. In particular drought is one of the main environmental factors reducing grain yield. Hundreds of quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified for yield-related traits across different genetic backgrounds and environments. ...
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Improving soil management in sugarcane cultivation
This chapter identifies the most important soil management practices for sugarcane cultivation and provides information on the practices used by important cane-producing countries in the world. The chapter focuses on field management of soil for optimum sugarcane production, and covers such areas...
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Understanding the nutraceutical properties of flavonoids in fruits and vegetables: mechanisms of action
The chapter first looks at the antioxidant properties of flavonoids and their role in preventing auto-immune diseases. It then looks at the anti-microbial, anti-fungal and anti-viral activity of flavonoids and their role in treatment of diabetes. The chapter goes on to discuss the anti-cancer pro...
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Developing macroalgae and microalgae as feed for fish
The rapid expansion of aquaculture industry is severely restricted by the shortage of key feed ingredients such as fishmeal and fish oil. Application of marine plants (macro and microalgae) as dietary ingredients could potentially overcome the limitation of key feed ingredients used in aquafeed. ...
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Extraction of proteins and other functional components from red seaweed (Rhodophyta)
Red seaweeds are a major industrial source of agar and carrageenan. They also contain high amounts of other polysaccharides and higher amounts of proteins than brown seaweeds. Some species of red seaweed also contain polyphenols with antioxidant activities as well as being a source of carotenoids...
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Advances in identifying and tracking malicious contamination of food in agri-food supply chains
This chapter is about the history of bio-warfare, and how biological and bio-chemical weapons were developed during the two World Wars and afterwards. There are examples of attacks to the food chain of entire communities with biochemical weapons by either single individuals or groups, and attacks...
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Advances in understanding the development of defences against pathogens in the chicken egg
The egg is naturally equipped with a range of natural defences that protect the embryo from bacterial contamination throughout its development. Starting with a reminder of how the egg forms, this chapter aims to provide the reader with an overview of how the different components of the egg contri...
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Welfare standards for laying hens
Consumers regard animal welfare as an important attribute of the food they eat. Sellers have to pay due attention to animal welfare before selling food like eggs or poultry to people. There are many welfare standards for laying hens and this chapter looks into some of these standards like commerc...
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Biostimulants for sustainable crop production
Biostimulants stimulate natural processes in crops to enhance nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency (NUE), resistance to abiotic stress and quality traits. This collection reviews key advances in understanding and using biostimulants.
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Defining sustainable forest management (SFM) in the tropics
This chapter discusses definitions of SFM to promote clarity about the avoidable and unavoidable tradeoffs associated with SFM. The chapter reviews about spatial scales for SFM and for the expansion of the scale at which sustainability is considered from stands up to forested landscapes. We revie...
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Advances in understanding key contamination risks in animal feed: mycotoxins
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain filamentous fungi, especially Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Over 400 mycotoxins have been identified, most notably aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins and ochratoxins. These low molecular weight compounds are...
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The role of technology in crisis management and product recall in food supply chains
This chapter considers food governance and how it frames crisis management and product recalls in food supply chains. Effective food recalls following a food safety or legality related incident are supported by traceability systems ranging from paper based to those that apply the newest technolog...
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Rapid response to disease outbreaks in maize cultivation: the case of maize lethal necrosis
Emerging plant diseases (EPDs) can cause significant losses of revenue due to decreased production and the high costs of controlling epidemics. Effective control of EPDs relies on rapid detection, accurate diagnosis, timely deployment of preventive responses and containment to prevent geographic ...
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Sustainable use of Miscanthus for biofuel
Biomass removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during growth and, if converted to biofuel, has the potential to be carbon negative, especially if combined with carbon capture and storage. To achieve ambitious targets for global reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, biomass crops should gene...
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Intercropping in sustainable maize cultivation
As the level of productivity in sub-Saharan cropping increases, driven by technology adoption, the question whether intercropping should still be promoted over sole cropping is not clear. In this chapter, we review the existing evidence on systems productivity, resource capture and use efficiency...
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Production of biodiesel from renewable sources
There is increasing interest in the production of biodiesel from non-edible oil sources such as waste or recycled oil and animal fats. Transesterification is the most commonly used method to convert triglycerides (TG) from different types of lipids. After reviewing the range of available feedstoc...
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Advances in understanding and improving the role of amino acids in poultry nutrition
Dietary amino acids are central to optimizing growth performance, meat yield, and egg production of poultry. This chapter addresses amino acid digestibility coefficients for feed ingredients, digestible amino acid requirements of poultry based on production efficiency, and the role of supplementa...
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Greenbug (Schizaphis graminum): an overview
Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major insect pest of cereal grains on the southern Great Plains of the United States. This chapter summarizes greenbug life history and biology, provides a description of the direct and indirect crop injury caused by greenbug to...
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Advances in understanding the nutraceutical properties of antioxidants in fruits and vegetables
Fruits and vegetables are considered an excellent source of antioxidants as they contain a considerable amount of biologically active compounds that transmit health benefits that surpass basic nutrition. Common dietary antioxidants which are found in fruits and vegetables include polyphenols, glu...
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Advances in understanding carbohydrate requirements and utilization in dairy cattle
This chapter reviews advances in understanding carbohydrate requirements and utilization in dairy cattle. The chapter begins by first describing the importance of feed analysis, focusing specifically on fiber analysis. It then moves on to discuss detergent fibers, which is then followed by an ana...
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Developing decision support systems for optimizing livestock diets in farms
Provision of safe and affordable food is in increasing demand. Society is also concerned about animal welfare and environmental problems caused by livestock. Balancing these conflicting objectives is a challenge, which requires multidisciplinary research to overcome. This chapter reviews the evol...
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Advances in the use of irradiation for the market access of fresh horticultural produce
Commercial and research interest in the irradiation of fresh fruit and vegetables as a market access treatment is growing. Irradiation has been approved for use in many markets as an approved phytosanitary/quarantine treatment to allow international trade. This chapter focuses on the effects of i...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of potatoes Volume 1
Potatoes have long been one of the world’s most important crops. The first volume in this two-volume sequence reviews advances in understanding plant physiology, genetics and breeding. It also discusses ways of understanding the nutritional and sensory properties of potatoes.
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Challenges and developments in hybrid breeding of barley
Over a long period of more than a century, breeding and improvements in cropping systems have led to a constant increase in grain yield in barley. Due to its autogamous propagation, commercial barley varieties are normally true inbred lines or doubled haploid lines normally having completely homo...
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Fungal diseases of fruit: apple cankers in Europe
The cultivated apple, Malus x domestica (syn. Malus pumila), is prone to a plethora of fungal diseases. In this chapter, the authors explore those that cause canker diseases of apple in Europe with particular focus on European apple canker caused by Neonectria ditissima. The authors discuss N. di...
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