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Accounting for uncertainties in modeling the impact of climate change on agriculture
Model-based climate change impact assessments involve uncertainties given the many physical, biological and socio-economic processes involved and their complexity. Among other things, uncertainties arise from unknown future development of greenhouse gas emissions and uncertainties in climate chan...
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Advances in understanding pathogens contaminating horticultural produce
There is an overall trend in most of the developed countries that confirms the rise in the number of microbial contamination outbreaks associated with fresh products. Major contributing factors are global consumer demand, increasing worldwide trade and the development of new molecular tools that ...
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Laying hen nutrition: optimizing energy intake, egg size and weight
Hen nutrition must address a number of different goals, including maximizing egg production, maintaining egg quality, extending the laying cycle and ensuring hen health and welfare. This chapter focuses on the role of nutrition in optimizing energy intake, egg size and egg weight. It reviews the ...
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Advances in understanding and managing fungal and other diseases of forest trees
Forest diseases are caused by pathogens and they affect all parts of the tree, including roots, stems, and leaves. Forest diseases result in volume losses and decreases in wood quality, which are considered detrimental in stands managed for timber products; however, in the context of a biodiversi...
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Robotics and automation for improving agriculture
Robotics has great potential in improving productivity and precision in agriculture. The book reviews advances in technologies such as machine vision and control systems, as well as applications from crop planting, fertilisation, pest and weed management to livestock production.
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Modelling biodiversity in agriculture
Models have been widely used in agricultural science to understand complexity, predict the consequence of change and extend knowledge to new scales. ‘Crop modelling’ began in the 1960s and is now well advanced and applied globally, but is restricted to a few economic species. More recently, model...
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Economic considerations for the development of a carbon farming scheme
This chapter presents the current state of carbon markets and some of the challenges faced by individual producers, private companies and governments interested in carbon farming. The chapter identifies the two primary payment design mechanisms proposed for carbon payments and the complexities fa...
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Geophysical methods to assess soil characteristics
This chapter explores the use of geophysical methods to assess soil physical characteristics. The chapter begins by reviewing the geophysical properties of soil, such as clay content and organic matter content. It then moves on to discuss the electromagnetic induction method and its application,...
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Optimising pig herd health and production
This collection summarises the wealth of research on optimising pig health to prevent the occurrence and spread of major diseases known to the pig industry, such as African Swine Fever (ASF) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS).
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Nutritional properties and enhancement/biofortification of potatoes
There are a number of factors that make potatoes a logical focus for nutritional breeding efforts. As one of the world’s staple foods, they have a key role to play in improving global food security, largely due to their nutritional value, storability, affordability and high yield. Recent years ha...
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Consumers and food: Understanding and shaping consumer behaviour
This collection reviews the wealth of research in understanding consumer food-purchasing behaviour and what this means for farmers, food manufacturers, retailers and policy makers seeking to produce healthier food in a more sustainable way.
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The use of Trichoderma spp. to control plant diseases
Trichoderma is one of the most studied genera of ascomycetous fungi due to the beneficial effects it has on plants. Trichoderma spp. are involved in the production of cell wall-degrading enzymes and metabolites with antimicrobial activity. It also produces volatile compounds that act together as ...
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Challenges and opportunities in pear breeding
Although pear (Pyrus spp.) is an economically important fruit worldwide, pear cultivars and production practices have been among the slowest of the temperate fruits to change to meet modern consumer demands and labor-efficient orchard realities. In the United States, the majority of the pear orch...
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Microbial ecology and function of the gastrointestinal tract in layer hens
With the introduction of next-generation sequencing, a more comprehensive identification of the laying hen gastrointestinal tract microbial population has emerged. There are several factors that can influence the composition and function of the layer hen gastrointestinal tract including age of th...
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Fungal diseases of fruit: apple canker in Asia
Apple valsa canker (Valsa mali) is mainly distributed in China, Japan, South Korea, and North Korea. It occurs in all apple production areas in China, particularly in the northern cold areas. Apple valsa canker mainly damages the cortex of apple branches, causing the cortex to rot. This chapter d...
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Integrated crop management for cassava cultivation in Asia
The demand for cassava in Asia is expected to grow in the years to come, largely because of an increasing demand for animal feed, biofuels and multiple uses of starch. Increasing the quantity and quality of cassava products in response to growing demand requires careful and sustainable increases ...
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Improving cultivation of cowpea in West Africa
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a legume crop of vital importance to the livelihoods of millions of people in West and Central Africa, providing a nutritious grain and an inexpensive source of protein for both rural poor and urban consumers. This chapter examines what constitutes an opti...
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Cultivating sugarcane for use in bioenergy applications: key issues
Sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) has high biomass and sucrose accumulation in its stem, making it a favourable feedstock for bioenergy production. This chapter reviews the key issues and challenges faced when expanding sugarcane cultivation for bioenergy, namely, competition with fo...
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Understanding and fostering soil carbon sequestration
This collection reviews the wealth of recent research on important aspects of soil carbon sequestration in different environments and soil types and its contribution to ensuring a positive carbon budget at the farm and landscape level.
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Diversity and genome evolution in coffee
While the worldwide production of coffee relies on a small number of cultivars with reduced diversity, wild coffee trees represent huge reserves of genetic diversity that could help to mitigate the effects of unstable climate and plant diseases, as well as modify the wealth of health-related chem...
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Using models to optimize poultry nutrition
Today’s commercial poultry production is about making decisions and implementing them, the main objective being to maximize profit for the enterprise. Alternative courses of action should be thought of and the consequences of these actions need to be predicted. Animal nutritionists face various p...
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Soil management practices and benefits in Conservation Agriculture systems
Conservation Agriculture (CA) is known to deliver ecosystem services, maintain the soil potential productivity and improve the resource-use efficiency as well as the natural resources. It adapts to and mitigates climate change and leads to a more efficient use of inputs hence reducing production ...
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Instant Insights: Economics of agriculture
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the economics of key elements of agriculture, including irrigation, agricultural robotics and integrated weed management.
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Advances in optimising nitrogen-use efficiency in crop production
Globally, the quantity of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to crops is growing rapidly as it replaces the shrinking contribution of soil organic N and meets the demand by higher-yielding crops. On average, crops recover close to half the applied N, so its inefficient management is an increasing pr...
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Rehabilitating degraded and abandoned agricultural lands with Conservation Agriculture systems
Soil degradation worldwide is a serious concern since global demands for food production and security and environmental preservation have increased substantially. In Brazil, intensive tillage, low soil cover and residue input, monocropping, soil organic matter depletion, erosion, compaction and s...
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Energy-smart pig farming
Pig farming plays an important role in providing protein-rich food for consumers worldwide. Consumers increasingly are demanding food with diminishing negative impacts on the environment which encourages pig farmers to adopt renewable energy and more energy-efficient systems to reduce fossil fue...
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Advances in integrated plant nutrient management
Integrated plant nutrient management (IPNM) based on the combined use of organic amendments and mineral fertilisers was designed to address the concerns of deteriorating soil health and negative yield trends commonly observed with long-term fertiliser use. Yield of most crops obtained by followin...
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Advances in understanding the contribution of weeds to the functioning of agroecosystems
Reduction in herbicide use will trigger changes in weed communities. Improving our capacity to identify farming management options that will lead to weed communities offering interesting trade-offs of functions is thus timely. Functional approaches are offering a robust framework to quantify and ...
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The English grain aphid Sitobion avenae
The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), is an economically important insect pest on cereal crops worldwide. Damage by this aphid can be destructive for cereal crops due to its ability to transmit yellow dwarf viruses, and its control often relies on routine application of synthetic ...
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Sugarcane as a renewable resource for sustainable futures
Sugarcane is not only the main source of sucrose but also the world’s most important energy crop with an important role in the global sustainability transition, owing to its high productivity, its concentration in developing and emerging economies and the wide array of commercial products that it...
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The use of genomic information to improve selection response while controlling inbreeding in dairy cattle breeding programs
This chapter discusses the use of genomic information to improve selection response in dairy cattle breeding programs. It assesses population size and inbreeding, as well as discussing how genetic information can be used to reduce inbreeding. The chapter also provides an understanding of the gene...
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Advances in remote sensing for monitoring grassland and forage production
Obtaining cheap, appropriate and timely information on vegetation will be essential for sustainable and economically viable management of grassland and forage swards in the future. Remote sensing (RS) offers new possibilities to monitor vegetation repeatedly and at large scale, but so far, only a...
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Advances in improving the safety and quality of eggs
This book provides a comprehensive review of the latest research on key aspects of safety, quality and sustainability in poultry layer production, including recent advances on how to optimise egg quality and safety to better meet the needs and expectations of consumers.
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Understanding pig behaviour
The behavioural patterns of domesticated pigs are well conserved from their ancestors. This suggests that the underlying motivational systems are similar to those of wild boar and feral domestic populations. This chapter describes how commercial conditions, whilst providing some welfare benefits,...
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Instant Insights: Crop biofortification
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on crop biofortification in agriculture.
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Sugarcane genome sequencing and genetic mapping
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most important crops for producing sugar and bioethanol, and breeding for superior sugarcane cultivars would benefit significantly from available genetic and genomic resources. This chapter explains the difficulties of sequencing and mapping the genome of ...
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Advances and improvements in modeling plant processes
This chapter provides an overview of the advances made historically and today in modeling key plant processes with a focus on the processes associated with carbon acquisition and allocation (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, respiration, and assimilate partitioning), and the timing of plant d...
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Advances in understanding plant root response to weedy root parasites
This chapter addresses advances in understanding plant root responses to weedy root parasites. It begins by reviewing host-parasitic weed interactions, focusing specifically on seed dispersal and germination and the possibility of host infection as a consequence of germination. The chapter then m...
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Valorizing byproducts from broiler processing: biologics and sustainability
Poultry production and processing continue to expand globally. In addition to traditional poultry meat products, a wide range of byproducts are also produced which do not end up as human food. Poultry coproducts are generally classified as edible or nonedible, however, their downstream use depend...
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The genetic basis for pigmentation phenotypes in poultry
There is an extensive variation in plumage color in chicken and each breed of chicken has a characteristic plumage color. Major progress has been made the last 25 years as regards understanding the developmental biology of skin and feathers in birds and also the genetic basis for pigmentation phe...
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Bioactive compounds in oil palm
There is growing evidence for the protective effect of plant bioactives against diseases, and this has led to interest from the functional food and nutraceutical industries for the development of bioactive-enriched food and supplements. The oil palm fruit is a source of both lipid- and water-solu...
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The effects of organic management on greenhouse gas emissions and energy efficiency in livestock production
The central objectives of organic farming are reducing external inputs and increasing long-term sustainability. Whilst there may be local improvements in resource efficiency, the extent to which organic livestock systems contribute to net greenhouse gas mitigation and fossil energy efficiency gai...
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Genetic and other factors affecting wheat quality
Wheat quality derives from interactions between the components of the kernel. In turn these components are themselves collections of multiple sub-components. Many components are under genetic control and are modulated, if not profoundly influenced, by growing conditions. This chapter focuses on t...
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Ripening systems for bananas
The correct ripening of bananas is essential for optimum taste, appearance, shelf life and consumer satisfaction. This chapter reviews the skills and technologies needed for successful ripening, together with innovations and recent developments. Advice on procedures and best practice throughout t...
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Bacterial and viral diseases affecting soybean production
Pathogens of soybean include bacteria, fungi, nematodes, oomycetes, parasitic plants and viruses. Losses due to diseases are estimated to be about 14% of total soybean production. In this chapter, we review bacterial blight, pustule, tan spot and wilt, as well as a few other bacterial diseases af...
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Sustainable banana cultivation: from standards to multiple solutions
There is no single recipe for sustainable banana cultivation. Pest and disease management has been central to sustainability efforts, particularly in the export industry. The global and local spread of pathogens make the capacity to manage such threats a shared concern for leading banana exporter...
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Instant Insights: Dietary supplements in poultry nutrition
This collection features five peer-reviewed reviews on dietary supplements in poultry nutrition.
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Intelligent machinery for precision agriculture
The innovative core of modern precision agriculture is the use of agricultural machinery to perform precise, responsive field operations in large-scale mechanized precision crop production. Integration of autonomous functions into such machinery will endow it with capabilities which could be desc...
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Cover crops in organic crop cultivation
Cover crops (CCs) are close-growing crops providing protection for soil and seeding between periods of normal crop production. They are positioned in rotation between two main or cash crops, and not primarily grown for harvest. Although traditionally CCs have been terminated and incorporated into...
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Variety selection and seed quality management in grain legume cultivation
A key aspect of grain legume crop cultivation is selecting and being able to access the seed of the right type and quality. This is becoming more challenging as grain legumes become cash crops and smallholder farmers transition from subsistence farming to market-oriented production. This chapter ...
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Understanding the contribution of milk constituents to the texture of dairy products: fermented products
This chapter discusses the impact of the main milk components protein, fat and lactose on the texture of fermented milk. It is the three-dimensional protein network formed upon microbial acidification, which primarily dominates the properties of the final milk gel. Main factors of influence are t...
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The use of farm-level models to assess the environmental impact of livestock production
In light of a changing climate, the international community is committed to taking action to reduce overall levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture will play an important role here given that agriculture and land use are responsible globally for around 24% of such greenhouse gas emissions...
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Pre- and postharvest fungal apple diseases
The domesticated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is the most significant pome fruit grown and consumed worldwide. China is the largest producer, followed by the United States, on a global scale. However, fungal plant pathogens cause significant economic losses in the field and during storage, lead...
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Instant Insights: Fungicide resistance in cereals
This book reviews the development of resistance to the core group of fungicides used throughout global crop production. Chapters explore the mechanisms of resistance, as well as the challenges facing future fungicide development.
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Biological types of cattle: carcass and meat quality
This chapter describes the domestication of cattle and the origins of many breeds found in the world today. The breeds are grouped into biological types, based on their size, muscularity and propensity to fatten, and the commercial role of each type is discussed. The relationships between biologi...
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Machine vision techniques to monitor behaviour and health in precision livestock farming
This chapter reviews advances in computer vision-based technologies for precision livestock farming. It also reviews how automation in image analysis can promote smart management of livestock to improve health and welfare. The chapter discusses the main devices for data acquisition in computer-vi...
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Harnessing ecosystem services with Conservation Agriculture
This chapter presents the relationship between Conservation Agriculture (CA) and ecosystem services. Ecosystem services comprise resources and processes supplied by nature that benefit farmers and societies. Services that benefit farmers operate in production fields and those that benefit societi...
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Instant Insights: Nutritional and health benefits of beverage crops
This collection provides a considered exploration of the nutritional and health benefits of key beverage crops, focussing primarily on tea and coffee. Chapters explore their potential in preventing the onset of chronic diseases, such as cancer and diabetes, as well as the analytical techniques av...
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Grain legumes in integrated crop management systems
This chapter focuses on integrated crop management strategies to increase grain legume production in rainfed, resource-poor farming systems. Generally, grain legumes fail to reach even half of their potential yields in these systems. For rainfed grain legumes the major contributor to the yield ga...
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Advances in temperate grassland science and management
This book reviews the wealth of research addressing the key role grasslands play in animal health, product quality and the sustainability of agriculture as a whole. It discusses ways of optimising grassland composition and management, including regional case studies on grassland management in pra...
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Understanding the relationship between the microbiome and the structure and function of the pig gastrointestinal tract
The gut epithelium acts as a barrier to the gut environment. The integrity of the epithelial structure and function is thus critical for microbiome-host interaction. The gut microbiome can regulate the utilization and synthesis of mucin, the expressions of the intercellular junction complex, and ...
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Towards sustainable management of Fusarium wilt of banana
Since the start of growing bananas in large plantations the industry has been plagued by the introduction of numerous pathogens and none more troublesome than Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB). The introduction of Fusarium race 1 in the Gros Michel plantations in Latin America led to one of the major...
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Dry-seeded and aerobic cultivation of rice
Finding an efficient irrigation strategy that would minimize water consumption in rice cultivation is a key objective in dealing with the potential future competition for and scarcity of water as a resource. Several water-saving techniques have been developed, including dry-seeded rice and aerobi...
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Palm oil and health
Palm oil is often criticized for its supposed effects on human health, due to its high saturated fatty acid content. However, it is this high saturated fatty acid content (50%) which makes it a solid oil, and therefore a good technological alternative to partially hydrogenated trans fatty acids. ...
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Advances in breeding for improved cultivars of turfgrass
Turfgrass breeding efforts are aimed at developing new turfgrass varieties adapted to a wide range of geographic regions with excellent seed or sod production, improved stress and pest tolerance, and elite turf quality under high, medium, and low maintenance practices. Various cooperative testing...
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The use of insects in integrated weed management
Seed predation by insects is a potentially promising approach to the regulation of weeds that could offset herbicide use as part of integrated weed management. Using the example of carabid beetles, as the most intensively studied grouping of insect weed seed predators, this chapter describes the ...
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Metabolomics as a powerful tool for coffee authentication
Detecting fraudulent adulteration of coffee is essential for both the industry and legislative authorities. Both parties are accountable for establishing quality standards through labelling, composition regulations and routine evaluation protocols to circumvent unfair competition among manufactur...
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Modelling impacts of agriculture on freshwater
Agriculture greatly impacts water resources due to the high volumes of irrigation water consumed in crop production. Additionally, agricultural activities affect hydrological cycles through land-use changes and soil modifications, which may lead to pollution of water bodies. On a local level, the...
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Instant Insights: Nematode pests in agriculture
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on nematode pests in agriculture.
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Advances in pig breeding and reproduction
This collection provides a comprehensive review of the wealth of research on recent developments in pig breeding, including the shift from a primary focus on production traits to traits encompassing improved feed efficiency and disease resistance. The book also considers advances in understanding...
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Understanding and improving water-use efficiency and drought resistance in tomato
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is both a well-established genetic model for plant biology and a horticultural cash crop of increasing importance to human nutrition. Tomato is mainly cultivated under irrigated conditions, so water use is of considerable significance for healthy plant growth ...
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Instant Insights: Improving the health and welfare of heifers and calves
The collection discusses best practices for improving the welfare of heifers and calves, as well as the consequences which can arise as a result of these welfare conditions not being met. Chapters consider the use of monitoring technologies as a means of identifying abnormal behaviours which can ...
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Rice insect pests: biology and ecology
Rice farmers face many abiotic and biotic constraints in their quest to increase rice production. In conjunction with the introduction of new high yielding drought and flood tolerant rice varieties, increasing yields will require a reduction in losses to insect pests. This chapter presents the kn...
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Natural capital and biodiversity accounting in the Swedish agri-food sector
This chapter describes how Swedish agri-food companies account for their impact on natural capital/ecosystem services and biodiversity. Sustainability reports or annual reports from 36 of the largest companies in the agri-food sector have been studied. Although most companies in the study have a ...
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Using ground-penetrating radar to map agricultural subsurface drainage systems for economic and environmental benefit
Due to economic and environmental considerations, there exists a need for effective, efficient, and nondestructive methods for locating buried agricultural drainage pipes. Ground penetrating radar (GPR), a proximal soil sensing method, can potentially provide a means for drain line detection. Thi...
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The effects of housing systems for laying hens on egg safety and quality
Since the turn of the century, there have been rapid shifts worldwide in the housing and management systems used for laying hens. These have been mandated partly as a response to consumer concern for hen well-being. However, factors such as the quality, safety and price of eggs are also very impo...
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Redirecting nutrients in urban waste to urban agriculture
Until the nineteenth century, ‘nightsoil’ and organic waste were recycled to agriculture to replenish farmland with nutrients and organic matter in (peri-)urban areas. However, with the onset of cheap chemical fertilizer production, nightsoil use was abandoned. This development facilitated the ge...
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Sorghum as a food grain
Grain sorghum is the fifth most produced cereal crop in the world, preceded only by rice, wheat, corn and barley, and it is a dietary staple for more than half a billion people in more than 30 countries. Sorghum is a principal food in areas of Africa and Asia as well as being used as a raw materi...
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Optimizing pig welfare in the growing and finishing stage
The main objectives of this chapter are to define animal welfare and to identify where intensive production systems may put finishing pigs at risk of poor animal welfare. The chapter discusses pig behavior and how this is affected by production systems, group size, living condition as well as sys...
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Instant Insights: Alternative sources of protein for pigs
This book provides a detailed overview of the development of alternative sources of protein, such as insects and macroalgae and the benefits and challenges of their use as feed for pigs.
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Rumen metabolomics – a powerful tool for discovery and understanding of rumen functionality and health
The rumen is a complex ecosystem essential for the health and productivity of ruminants. Metabolomics is an emerging technology, with rumen metabolomics research generating important data offering insights into the metabolites present in the rumen, and the factors affecting the rumen microbiome a...
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Integrated weed management techniques for rice
Global food production must increase in order to meet the needs of the world’s growing population. In order to improve productivity in rice cultivation, it is essential to recognize the problems caused by biological constraints such as weeds, and then to evolve and implement appropriate strategie...
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Developing climate-based decision support systems from agricultural systems models
Decision Support Systems (DSSs) in production agriculture are computer software programs that make use of models and other information to make site-specific recommendations for farm management-related activities. Major advances have been made in developing DSS for agriculture, particularly with r...
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Fungal diseases affecting oil palm
Oil palm is prone to attack by a number of fungal diseases such as basal stem rot (BSR), Fusarium wilt (vascular wilt) and bud rot disease. To date, only partial resistance materials have been identified for BSR. This chapter provides further insights on the BSR that is a major problem for planta...
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Automation and robotics in greenhouses
This chapter provides an overview of the state of the art of automation technology in protected cultivation and looks ahead to future directions for achieving further progress in this field. The chapter provides a generic description of the greenhouse crop production process and then uses it as a...
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Allergens in soybean
Soybean protein is one of the most significant sources of food allergens and intolerance, causing both IgE-mediated allergy and food protein-induced endocolitis syndrome (FPIES). This chapter first discusses the mechanisms causing allergies and infantile food intolerance. It reviews what we know ...
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Advances in flood-tolerant varieties of soybean
Flooding is a serious abiotic stress that drastically causes soybean yield loss around the world. As a result, a large number of studies have been conducted to understand soybean responses to flooding on agronomic, morphological, physiological and molecular levels. This chapter summarizes current...
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Optimizing production of quality nursery plants for fruit tree cultivation
It is now possible to purchase specific nursery tree types that are more compatible with an intended training system, improving planting efficiency and encouraging early production. Although single axis, well-feathered scions suitable for high-density spindle training systems have dominated nurse...
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as plant biostimulants in agriculture
Plants must tolerate and grow under a wide variety of environmental conditions. It is clear that the phytomicrobiome supports plant growth under normal and stressful growing conditions and these functions are carefully regulated. The phytomicrobiome can promote plant growth under normal growing c...
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Plant–soil interactions: an overview
Plant–soil interactions are the prime mechanism for integrating the impacts of the aerial environment, animals (including plant shoot symbionts and pathogens), plant shoot physiology, plant root physiology and structure, the soil microbiome and soil chemistry and structure into what is commonly t...
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Key issues in dairy herd health management
Dairy herd health management benefits dairy farmers, the environment, dairy cows and citizens. It is an important part of modern dairy farm veterinary care. Dairy herd health management is assessing, monitoring and improving the health of dairy cows at a population level. Good herd health managem...
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The role and challenges of the private sector in enabling market access for smallholders
Sourcing from smallholder farmers presents a number of challenges, stemming from the informal ecosystem in which individual farmers operate as well as from the diverse and fragmented nature of smallholders as a group. The three main types of challenges are: technical, logistical and behavioural. ...
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The regulation of genome-edited crops
To explore the regulation of genome edited crops, this chapter describes the regulatory systems adopted by different countries as well as how the Cartagena Biosafety Protocol might apply. It finds there is a continuum of oversight, with some countries applying their GMO biosafety laws to all geno...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of litchi
In this chapter, the effort and achievements in litchi research and development are summarized, and key challenges and practices in litchi production will be addressed with a focus on cases in China.
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Cultural control of arthropod pests in temperate tree fruit
Perennial systems, such as temperate tree fruit, present interesting challenges and opportunities for the practice of cultural pest management tactics. This chapter outlines key cultural tactics for managing arthropod pests in temperate tree fruit, including modification of trees, tree architectu...
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The role of specific cereal grain dietary components in poultry gut function
Cereal grains constitute the greatest proportion of most practical poultry diets. As dietary components, cereal grains provide most of the dietary energy and help to support the development of the structural and functional integrity of the digestive tract. However, many cereal grains contain one ...
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Optimising microbiological and food safety in free-range and organic poultry meat production
This chapter provides an overview of free-range poultry production systems and the consequent potential meat product safety issues that can occur. The chapter discusses two infections which have particularly significant food safety implications: Campylobacter and Salmonella. It also considers oth...
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The changing role of urban agriculture in municipal planning: from planning for urban agriculture to urban agriculture for planning
Urban agriculture’s popularity over the past few decades has required cities to address whether, to what extent, and how food production fits into the cityscape. Planners have used various policy levers, from revised zoning codes to tax incentives, to protect existing farms and gardens and expand...
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Using TALENs for genome editing in plants
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are powerful tools for precise and efficient locus-specific editing. Among the various genome editing tools that were developed prior to the CRISPR/Cas system, TALENs have been the most widely used, and they remain worthy of consideration d...
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The use of bacteria in integrated weed management
Annual grass weeds are increasing as a dominant weed species in the western United States, Canada and Mexico. Downy brome, one of the most widespread, invasive annual grass weeds, negatively affects cereal yields, reduces forage quality in grazing lands, degrades rangelands, and increases the fir...
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