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Advances in understanding poultry feed intake regulation
Poultry production is facing substantial challenges. Among these are the necessity to feed the future in the face of increased human population, and the need to adapt to (global warming and scarce natural resources. As feed costs continue to rise due to severe drought conditions and the diversion...
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Market structures of organic dairy farming and consumer attitudes towards organic milk processing
Since 2021, the established retail chains remain dominant, discount retailers are gaining, and traditional organic stores are losing market share. There is growing competition with other labels, especially regional labels, animal welfare labels and hay milk (e.g. grass-fed) labels. A literature r...
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Advances in understanding the role of soil microbiomes in promoting crop resilience to drought stress
Agricultural productivity varies frequently as a result of environmental changes. Abiotic stresses, such as nutrient deficiencies, drought, salinity, flooding, high temperature, heavy metal toxicities, and oxidative stress, cause irretrievable damage, resulting in plant growth and yield loss. The...
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Maintaining the safety of poultry feed
Natural and artificial contaminants in poultry feed may result in deteriorated feed quality, reduced performance, and increased incidence of disease in poultry, ultimately leading to a significant economic loss for producers. Moreover, since poultry are raised to produce meat and eggs for human c...
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The role of governments in driving sustainability standards: governance structures and green finance
Agri-food supply chains have been linked to a number of negative environmental and social externalities, including environmental pollution, biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and labour abuses and there are growing societal demands that such negative impacts should be addressed. Th...
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Understanding and changing attitudes toward eating protein derived from insects
This chapter covers understanding and changing attitudes towards eating protein derived from insects. In recent years, there has been growing interest regarding the role of insects as novel protein sources to meet the increasing global demand for sustainable and nutritious food. However, though i...
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Assessing the impact of inorganic fertilizers on soil microbiomes
This review aims to demonstrate the influence of farming systems on biological indicators that are relevant to soil health. Empirical data from published studies informs the hypothetical model that soil health outcomes are related to more diverse cropping systems, coupled with high inputs of orga...
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The role of standards and certification in delivering safe, sustainable and socially responsible agri-food supply chains
The evolution of standards and certification in agri-food chains has taken place over nearly 40 years. The dynamics that led to this form of private governance have also changed over time. Contemporary issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and seeking to develop a food system that is ...
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Organic dairy cattle breeding: possibilities and challenges
This chapter discusses challenges and options for developing dedicated organic dairy breeding programmes with a focus on developing cows best suited to low-input production in particular local contexts. It reviews ways of identifying target traits and establishing breeding goals as well as when t...
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Understanding and optimizing the use of prebiotics in pig nutrition
This chapter discussed the use of prebiotics in pig nutrition. It begins with a section covering dietary fibre and prebiotics, then moves on to describe types of prebiotics, including: oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and non-carbohydrate prebiotics. Next, mode of actions for prebiotics is expl...
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Co-products and other alternative feedstuffs for sustainable pig production: an overview
This chapter provides an overview of co-products and other alternative feedstuffs for sustainable pig production. It opens with a discussion of feed evaluation, animal growth and carcass characteristics. Focus then moves to meat quality and animal health. After this, the chapter highlights the co...
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Pathogens and diseases affecting large-scale production of black soldier fly
Black soldier flies (BSF) (Hermetia illucens, Diptera: Stratiomyidae) are produced on a large scale using various production methods and food substrates. This chapter reviews organisms that have true pathogenic relationships with the BSF which could cause negative effects on insect culture. These...
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Understanding the use of vision and olfaction by thrips and other small flying insects to enhance biological control
Biological control is important for the management of small insect pests such as thrips, aphids, psyllids and whiteflies, and options to enhance the effectiveness of the natural enemies of these pests are urgently needed. Stimuli associated with host plant finding, mostly vision and olfaction, pr...
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The value of one health and one welfare approaches in promoting the health and welfare of organic dairy cattle
There is a clear need for an integrated approach to human, animal and ecological health reflecting the four organic principles of Health, Ecology, Fairness and Care and their supporting text. In the early 2000s, the One Health approach was established to recognise the strong links between human h...
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The international context: the role of codex alimentarius in setting safety and quality standards for global agri-food supply chains
This chapter reviews the origins and development of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, established by the United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). It describes the Codex organizational structure and standard setting process. The chapter ...
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Advances in understanding and improving the use of macro-minerals in poultry nutrition: the example of phosphorus
This chapter describes advances in understanding and improving the use of macro-minerals in poultry with a particular focus on phosphorus (P). The chapter begins by outlining the challenges to optimising mineral nutrition in poultry, covering the characterisation of the P value in feed ingredient...
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Service crops as a source of nitrogen in temperate europe
Service crops (SCs) are widely used in low input systems as a source for nitrogen (N), and in intensive cropping systems for reducing N leaching by taking up residual soil N after the harvest of the main crop. This chapter discusses benefits of SCs, which are defined here as crops grown for provi...
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Use of protein from black soldier flies in fish feed
The global population is increasing rapidly, and with it comes a growing demand for food, particularly protein sources. The aquaculture industry, which provides fish for human consumption, is expanding to meet this demand. The aquaculture expansion is not without impacts and constrains. Among the...
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Developments in agri-environment schemes (aes): north america
This chapter presents an economic perspective on significant agri-environmental policies that affect U.S. agriculture and assesses some of the environmental outcomes of these policies. The authors first present a conceptual framework for designing and assessing environmental intervention in agric...
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The use of soil stabilizers to prevent erosion
Soil and water conservation is essential for sustaining agricultural production and for protecting the soil ecosystem. This chapter discusses an alternative approach for soil erosion mitigation, which advocates modification of soil properties that are linked to processes that control degradation ...
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Advances in nutrient/substrate sources/composition for rearing yellow mealworms as a protein source
This chapter focuses on the impact of various substrates on the nutritional quality – in particular protein content - of the yellow mealworm larvae. The authors begin by describing the characteristics of rearing substrates for optimal yellow mealworm growth, including nutritional composition, bio...
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Poultry feedstuff management and feed formulation utilizing big data
A feed formulation program is used to determine a compound feed that meets all of its nutritional requirements and is at the lowest possible cost (least cost). This chapter addresses current challenges facing feed formulation programs, including the need to account for sustainability issues as we...
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Monitoring agricultural water use: challenges and solutions for sustainable water management
As the largest sectoral user of water globally, agriculture is both impacted by and a major driver of water scarcity. Monitoring of agricultural water use is essential to identify and design effective strategies for balancing water demands with those of other sectors and the environment amidst fu...
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Advances in soil viromics in understanding viral diversity and function
This book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution and advances in soil viromics, highlighting key methodologies, such as metagenomics, dsRNA extraction, and virus-like particle extraction, and their contributions to understanding soil viral diversity. It explores the intricate ...
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Emerging roles for soil bacteroidetes in complex carbon and organic phosphorus cycling
This chapter highlights the latest advances in Bacteroidetes research, with a focus on their unique approaches to phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) metabolism. The chapter also hypothesises how these metabolic strategies link with the emerging importance of these bacteria as plant disease suppressing...
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The use of phytogenics in optimizing gut function and health in poultry
Gut function and health are pre-requisites for sustainable poultry production and product quality. Phytogenics are bioactive components of plant origin that can protect poultry from the detrimental effects of modern stressor challenges in intensive farming systems via the enhancement of gut integ...
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Advances in understanding and exploiting the role of soil microbiomes in protecting crops against pathogens and pests
The soil microbiome has the potential to protect crop plants from biotic stress caused by pests and pathogens. Studies have, for example, shown the role of root exudates in recruiting and enriching beneficial bacteria to protect against pathogens and pests, paving the way for developing strategie...
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Forecasting future global agricultural water demand: current projections and future challenges
Population and economic growth, urbanization, and lifestyle changes are key drivers of water demand estimation. Climatic change and risks add another dimension to the calculus. However, unreliable baseline information and future uncertainties of many drivers are barriers to accurate demand projec...
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Advances in understanding the genetics of sow prolificacy: reproductive performance, trade-offs and management solutions
Genetic selection for higher ovulation rate has increased the number of piglets born per litter. The increase in litter size has been accompanied by an increased proportion of low birthweight piglets and piglets with signs of intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR), Conception rates have increase...
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Advances in crop disease forecasting models
Diseases are widespread and destructive, causing severe yield quantity and quality losses, increasing agricultural production costs, and cumulative human health and environmental risks and impacts. Climate change is anticipated to exacerbate current losses, by introducing complexity and uncertain...
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Improving the management of parasites in organic dairy farming
Parasites of animals constitute an important part of any ecosystem, including livestock production systems. This chapter summarizes the most important internal parasite infections and problems typically recognized in organic dairy farming, including cryptosporidiosis and coccidiosis in young calv...
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Improving agri-food supply chains in asia
The agri-food supply chains in Asia face multiple challenges and threats, such as malnutrition, environmental degradation and unexpected risks. Here, we suggest possible interventions to improve nutrition and health, increase resource use efficiency and reduce adverse environmental impacts. To co...
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Developing alternative sources of protein in pig nutrition: insects
Over the past 50 years, global pig production has quadrupled and is predicted to continue to rise. Combined with a changing climate, the pig production industry needs to adopt new feed sources and production systems to remain efficient and sustainable. This chapter reviews the current state of in...
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Nutritional strategies to optimize reproductive performance of the highly prolific sow
The feeding of a prolific sow is a complex process that involves proper nutrient formulation, feed delivery, and an understanding of the biological challenges that she will undergo within her lifetime. In addition, the timeframe in which a sow within the herd is productive is spent predominantly ...
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Fungi: advances in understanding the role of root-associated fungi in soil
This chapter highlights the varied roles that root-associated soil fungi play in agricultural ecosystems. The authors begin by describing the relationship between fungi with plants before detailing the beneficial, antagonistic, and dynamic interactions between the two. Next they present an overvi...
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How can organic dairy farming address and improve biodiversity and healthy ecosystems?
This chapter explores the degree to which organic farming, and specifically organic dairy systems, has a part to play in biodiversity conservation in the land sparing-land sharing continuum of approaches. The chapter begins with a brief review of evidence for organic farming being nature-friendly...
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The water-energy-food nexus (wef)
This chapter briefly introduces the nexus approach, focussing on water issues. It is not an attempt to summarise the vast literature on the topic but rather to illustrate the concept by presenting selected examples of each element of the nexus and their interlinkages (water–energy, energy–food, a...
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Understanding and optimizing the physical properties of soil to promote soil microbiomes
The physical environment of soil is characterized by a number of macro- and microscale physical properties that control the heterogenous distribution of microbes, as well as water, air and chemicals within the soil matrix. Heterogeneity occurs at any spatial scale; yet among the most important ar...
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Advances in understanding the genetics of and breeding for resistance to infectious disease in pigs
Pigs are exposed to numerous infectious disease pathogens, with large economic and welfare implications. How pigs respond to disease is in part determined by genetics. Thus, genetic improvement is one of the tools that can be used to mitigate the impact of disease, complementing biosecurity and v...
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Advances in understanding poultry digestive anatomy and physiology
A well-functioning digestive tract is key to a sustainable poultry production. Significant progress in our understanding of the digestive tract functionality has allowed for further improvements, and will continue to do so. Feed intake is a prerequisite for a high performance, where feed particle...
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Advances in production of house flies as food and animal feed: key challenges and solutions
The common housefly (Musca domestica), a ubiquitous presence in various environments, has been a subject of scientific investigation for over a century. This chapter explores the potential use of housefly larvae as a sustainable animal feed ingredient. Their ease of rearing, rapid growth, high nu...
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Advances in the use of robotics in orchard operations
Agriculture has witnessed transformative innovation and technology adoption over the past 100 years including tractors, combine harvesters, and auto-steering techniques. These mechanized or automated machines relieved a huge population around the world from hard labor in challenging farming envir...
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Optimising reproductive management to maximise dairy herd health and production
Reproduction is central to the operation of a dairy herd through initiating lactation and providing replacement animals and offspring for sale. This chapter outlines the steps required to detect reproductive problems and limitations in cows and herds. It then elaborates some strategies to overcom...
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Trade-offs between management and conservation for the provision of ecosystem services in the southern patagonian forests
Forests provide critical ecosystem services for human well-being; however, some ecosystem services are more valued (e.g. provisioning services) than others (e.g. regulating or supporting services). Temperate regions contain several forests affected by humans, mainly with regard to ecosystem servi...
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Ensuring the welfare of culled dairy cows during transport and slaughter
Every year, some cows are culled from dairy herds and sold through livestock markets and livestock dealers or sent directly to a slaughterhouse. Most of these cows are culled due to sickness or lameness, meaning that they are likely to experience pain and distress during marketing, transport and ...
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Advances in understanding color development in poultry meat
The demand for poultry meat will surpass other meats as an animal protein source. Poultry is considered white meat due to its lower myoglobin content than red meats. Consumers often associate fresh meat color with quality. Any deviation from a consumer-preferred color leads to less acceptance. Th...
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Drivers of farmers’ usage of digital marketplace platform: evidence from india
Online trading by farmers is a critical component of the agricultural supply chain. Perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness of a digital marketplace enhances trust and then farmers’ intention to use that digital marketplace. This study, by leveraging a mediation model, explores the usage d...
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Developing improved varieties of common bean
The genetic improvement of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) has been a century old endeavor at institutions in North America and Mexico. This chapter describes Improvement programs focussing on a wide range of biotic and abiotic production constraints, traits for local adaptation, and consumer qu...
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Advances in integrated pest management (ipm) in citrus cultivation
Effective cultivation of commercial citrus in the event of a Huanglongbing (HLB) outbreak depend on the development and implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and HLB grounded in understanding of conditions fostering biological...
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Measuring and assessing the biological health of soils
One of the most important topics in soil science is understanding the relationship between soil biodiversity and soil ecosystem function. This relies on techniques able to accurately identify different soil organisms and how they interact in the soil microbiome.Measuring and assessing the biologi...
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Coffee tree growth and environmental acclimation
In this chapter, some aspects of coffee growth and development as well as the recent advances in the environmental physiology of growth and production are reviewed. The information deals with both Coffea arabica and C. canephora, which together account for 99% of coffee bean production worldwide....
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Managing grassland systems to optimise livestock production
High prices of milk have encouraged intensive dairying systems using high inputs of chemical fertilisers, indoor feeding with high amounts of concentrate and imported protein at the expense of grazing. Consequently grassland acreage decreased considerably over the last 30 years, and the European ...
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Genetics of drought tolerance in cereals
This chapter discusses some of the latest findings related to the genetics of drought resistance of the world's most widely grown cereals. The chapter starts with rice because of its key role as an ancestral founder species and phylogenetically pivotal role for cereal evolution. The chapter then ...
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Advances in near-infrared (nir) spectroscopy to assess soil health
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the near-infrared (NIR: 350-2500 nm) region offers a relatively rapid, non-destructive, and high throughput alternative to wet chemistry measurements of soil health. Infrared absorbance frequencies of soil constituents such as organic matter and clay minerals f...
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Brown rot: causes, detection and control of monilinia spp. affecting tree fruit
Monilinia spp. cause economically important fungal diseases of pome and stone fruits. This chapter focuses on the four main Monilinia/Monilia species that is Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa, M. fructigena and M. polystroma. The chapter concentrates on general and specific features of the four brown...
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Microbial bioprotectants for plant disease management
This collection summarises and reviews the wealth of recent research on the development of more environmentally friendly biological methods to control plant diseases.
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Achieving sustainable management of boreal and temperate forests
Forests deliver both economic benefits and a range of key ecosystem services. This collection reviews current research on optimising their use, from understanding tree physiology to improvements in planting, stand management, sustainable logging and product diversification.
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Advances in plant phenotyping for more sustainable crop production
This collection reviews the wealth of research on advances in phenotyping and the influential role it plays in identifying the relative importance of genetic, environmental and agronomic factors in determining complex plant traits, such as yield and resource-use efficiency.
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Instant insights: mite pests in agriculture
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on mite pests in agriculture.
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Quantifying earthworm community structures as indicators of soil health
Whilst the presence of earthworms is used by many farmers as a general indicator of soil health, measurement is generally subjective. The chapter reviews current challenges in collecting more systematic and reliable data on earthworm communities, including issues in identifying epigeic, endogeic ...
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Supporting female smallholders
Smallholder women are pivotal in balancing rural food systems yet, they face several inequalities that make it difficult for them to sustainably intensify their operations. This chapter provides insights into how smallholder women can be supported for sustainable intensification. It uses qualitat...
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Key factors limiting sustainable insect pest management in soybeans
If sustainability implies the preservation of resources for future generations, then pest management tools, like insecticides and insect-resistant varieties, can be considered resources that should be preserved for future generations. Overuse of these tools can result in resistance such that thei...
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Instant insights: optimising photosynthesis in crops
This collection explores the need to optimise the C3 photosynthesis cycle in crop production to boost crop yields and improve agricultural productivity. Chapters review how the yields of key agricultural crops, including rice and wheat, can be increased through photosynthetic improvement.
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Application of genomic selection in commercial egg-type populations
The important traits for commercial egg production are lifetime egg production, feed consumed per egg produced, and various internal and external egg quality traits. These traits are expressed only in females and thus the selection of males can only be done indirectly based on the performance of ...
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Advances in nutrient management in greenhouse cultivation
Precise nutrient management is essential to produce high-quality and high-yielding greenhouse crops while limiting cost and environmental damage. Traditional nutrient management strategies are being replaced by new types of fertilizers combined with precision delivery and management. This chapter...
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Advances in understanding the contamination of fresh produce by pathogenic escherichia coli
Produce is a constituent of healthy diets throughout the world. Contamination of produce with pathogenic Escherichia coli and particularly Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) is a global human health concern. STEC may enter fields in which produce is grown through contaminated irrigation water, ...
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Advances in measuring mechanical properties of soil in relation to soil health
Although mechanical properties of soil are fast and easy to measure, they have not been used as indicators of soil health apart from cone penetration resistance. The confined compression test is traditionally used for the prediction of soil compaction risks. Other mechanical tests such as soil rh...
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Energy-smart poultry farming
This chapter describes how energy is used in poultry production buildings today and discusses the factors that have driven the growth of energy use. It then identifies opportunities toward energy-smart production including existing technologies and management practices that can lead to significan...
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Management of an ultra-high-density mango orchard and benefits of the small-tree system
There are many advantages in establishing mango hedgerows in such a way that their height for optimal light utilization does not exceed 2m and their width 1m. The terminal shoots, inflorescences and fruits on such trees are within easy reach of farm workers. The fruits, as opposed to branches and...
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Advances in dairy cattle breeding to improve resistance to mastitis
Mastitis, an inflammatory response associated with bacterial infections, is generally regarded as the most-costly disease of dairy cattle because of its high incidence and effects on milk production and composition. Genetic selection for highly productive dairy cows has been very successful; howe...
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Peptide-based biopesticides
There is a growing gap in the market for environmentally friendly, selective insecticides and biocides for use in the production of food crops. This has been driven by tightening regulations on chemical products, as well as customer demand for no-chemical residue food products. As insect hormone ...
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Chemical control in ipm systems: advances in selective pesticides and application systems
The European Union has adopted integrated pest management (IPM) as a policy as part of the Sustainable Use of Pesticides Directive, in which chemical pesticides are used as a last resort. Bringing IPM into the policy for crop protection has focussed attention on using more selective pesticides an...
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Developing tomato varieties with improved flavour
Tomato fruit quality is a complex trait involving a number of components, including appearance, flavour, aroma and texture. There is a large range of genetic diversity in tomato for fruit quality components. Although a few major mutations may have a huge effect on fruit quality (notably the rin m...
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Organic amendments to improve soil health and crop productivity: a case study in china
This chapter focuses on three long-term fertilization experiments with a temperature and precipitation gradient from China, which aim to improve soil fertility, maintain soil health and increase crop productivity. After outlining the approaches adopted in long-term experiments in fertilization ma...
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Use of palm oil for biofuel
The use of fossil fuels depletes the world’s limited supply of coal, oil and gas and releases stocked CO2 into the atmosphere. Biofuels, derived from biomass, are renewable and carbon neutral, because consumption merely releases CO2 that was taken from the atmosphere by the growing biomass a few ...
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Developing hybrid banana varieties with improved properties
Banana production in Brazil includes different types of cultivars, with the Prata cultivar accounting for 70% of the crop area, followed by the Cavendish, Maçã, and plantain cultivars. In 2019, Brazil produced approximately 7 million tons of bananas in an area of 465,000 ha, which makes it one of...
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Advances in tissue culture techniques for ornamental plant propagation
This chapter reviews advances in tissue culture techniques for ornamental plant propagation. It begins by looking at research on the factors determing the effectiveness of tissue culture techniques. It then looks at key developments in the range of in vitro tissue culture techniques. These includ...
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Improving data standards and integration for more effective decision-making in agriculture
The development of digital agriculture or smart farming highlights the importance of data and data exchange. This chapter discusses how to achieve data standardization as a critical success factor in agricultural decision-making. It emphasizes the importance of starting from understanding busines...
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The role of soil hydrology in soil health
Soil hydrology stands at the forefront of soil health due to its critical importance in regulating physical, chemical and biological processes in soils. Soil–water interactions are closely related to and create both positive and negative feedbacks with soil characteristics, landscape features and...
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Moko bacterial wilt of banana
This chapter discusses Moko bacterial wilt, the most serious bacterial disease affecting bananas and plantains. It starts by describing the main external and internal symptoms of the disease. The chapter then reviews advances in understanding the taxonomy and classification of disease-causing str...
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Optimising ruminal function: the role of silage and concentrate in dairy cow nutrition to improve feed efficiency and reduce methane and nitrogen emissions
Ruminant farm animals contribute significantly to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but the emissions can be greatly reduced by nutrition. Sustainable dairy cow feeding strategy to mitigate GHG and N emissions should make the most of the unique ability of ruminants to convert local human-ine...
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Specialty coffees as drivers of change
This chapter reviews the role and importance of specialty coffees. It looks at the emergence of the sector and issues of definition, whether in terms of sensory quality attributes such as a unique flavor, geographical origin or methods of production. As well as factors affecting pricing, it revie...
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Integrated disease management in tree nut cultivation
Integrated disease management and use of protocols and products that minimize the environmental impact are paramount needs in the cultivation of tree nuts. In this chapter, such approaches are proposed for chestnut cultivation and, specifically, for the management and mitigation of damage caused ...
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Advances in understanding milk salts
Distribution of minerals between casein micelles and the homogeneous serum phase of milk is different for different mammals. Chemical thermodynamics has provided a complete description of mineral distribution in milk and caseins with varying degree of phosphorylation and metal binding capacity. M...
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Improving water and nutrient management in tomato cultivation
Agricultural practices for tomato production need to (1) fulfil the water and nutritional requirements of the crop for optimal production, (2) consider the environmental impact of production and (3) offer nutritious and safe tomatoes to consumers. This chapter focuses on irrigation and fertilizat...
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Achieving sustainable production of sheep
Sheep have long been a feature of farming. This collection reviews the latest research on issues such as meat quality, genetics and breeding. It also discusses animal nutrition, health and welfare as well as ways of improving the sustainability of sheep production.
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Drivers of change for cassava’s multiple roles in sustainable development
This chapter reviews the ways cassava yields can be improved sustainably to keep pace with a rising population. It also looks more broadly at improving the role cassava can play in improving farmers’ and consumers’ lives – through income generation, improved food security, better nutrition, and a...
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Housing and the welfare of dairy cattle
In modern dairy farming, lactating cows and un-weaned calves are often housed indoors, in a restricted space, at high density, and/or separate from other animals. Such housing conditions affect the welfare of the animals by creating risks of illness and injuries and placing restrictions on behavi...
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Factors affecting pork flavour
Pork-related products such as bacon, sausage and ham comprise a large portion of the meat products sold in today’s market due to their desirable flavour. The application of various processing methods such as cooking, curing, deboning, grinding, canning and application of additives or spices durin...
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Advances in turfgrass disease management
This particular chapter will cover recent advances in turfgrass disease management that promote sustainable suppression of the pathogens that cause diseases.
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Greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production: modelling methods, methane emission factors and mitigation strategies
This chapter discusses the systems analysis and life cycle assessment modelling approaches and also looks at a range of model applications. These applications include use within the national inventories of various countries across species including discussions around the use of different emission...
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Sustainable approaches to control postharvest diseases of apples
Long-term storage of apples faces challenges in maintaining fruit quality and reducing losses from postharvest diseases. Currently the apple industry relies mainly on synthetic fungicides to control postharvest decays. However, the limitations to fungicides such as development of resistance in pa...
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Integrated weed management in barley cultivation
Weed infestations in barley can cause yield reductions and reduce the quality of harvested product. Weed management before, during and after the crop is important to reduce weed populations. Weed management in barley is currently heavily reliant on herbicides for weed control, and this reactive a...
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Understanding the biochemistry of c₃ photosynthesis in crop plants
The C3 cycle is the primary biochemical pathway for fixation of atmospheric CO₂ in over 85% of plants, including the major crop species. This pathway is autocatalytic involving eleven enzymes catalysing 13 reactions and provides carbon compounds directly for the synthesis of isoprenoids, sucrose,...
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Instant insights: nutraceuticals in fruit and vegetables
This specially curated collection features three reviews of current and key research on nutraceuticals in fruit and vegetables.
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Advances in understanding tree fruit-rhizosphere microbiome relationships for enhanced plant health
Host–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere influence numerous processes that determine plant productivity and health. The rhizo-microbiome influences functions ranging from protection of the plant from pathogen attack to enhanced nutrient availability and uptake. This chapter examines the use o...
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Advances and future directions in poultry feeding: an overview
The poultry industry has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years. This chapter provides a discussion of the advances and future directions in the poultry feeding. Advancements include defining nutrient requirements, composition and ingredient quality, better feed formulation and the adv...
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Feed evaluation and formulation to maximise nutritional efficiency in dairy cattle
This chapter reviews the evaluation of energy and protein value of ruminants’ feedstuffs. It emphasises the importance of accurately estimating feeding values to optimise production. The chapter discusses experimental methods and models used to evaluate the energy and protein values of feeds. The...
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Improvement options for agricultural crop production for food, feed and bioenergy
Agriculture currently faces the dual challenges of both having to increase its overall biomass output while contributing to the mitigation of pressing global environmental changes. It is therefore urged to reconcile these challenges by drastically increasing its performance in the short term. Thi...
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The use of treated wastewater for crop irrigation
The reuse of treated wastewater for crop irrigation is important in the effective use of scarce water resources in ensuring a stable supply and in recovery of nutrients. This chapter explains the composition of wastewater, methods for treatment and guidelines for reuse for crop irrigation, includ...
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