Produce is a constituent of healthy diets throughout the world. Contamination of produce with pathogenic Escherichia coli and particularly Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) is a global human health concern. STEC may enter fields in which produce is grown through contaminated irrigation water, wild and domestic animals, soil inputs, run-off, workers, and equipment. The knowledge of ability of STEC to persist and survive in the environment (soil, water, etc.) will facilitate innovation of systems that will enhance microbial safety of produce. Researchers are beginning to unravel the complex interaction of STEC with plants intended for human consumption. In this chapter focus is placed on E. coli contamination of produce addressing trends in occurrence in types of fresh produce; developments in understanding genetics, behavior and virulence; new research on growth and survival in soil and plants; and implications for control.