This chapter presents an economic perspective on significant agri-environmental policies that affect U.S. agriculture and assesses some of the environmental outcomes of these policies. The authors first present a conceptual framework for designing and assessing environmental intervention in agriculture, emphasizing payment for environmental services programs (PES), which became a major agri-environmental intervention. They then explore the major agri-environmental programs affecting U.S. agriculture and other North American countries. Following this, they examine the results of studies assessing the economic and some of the environmental outcomes of agri-environmental programs in North America.