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Cover crops for sustainable soil management
Professor sjoerd w. duiker , Professor sjoerd w. duiker , Dr andy clark , Dr andy clark , Dr yajun peng , Professor michelle m. wander , Professor deirdre prischmann-voldseth , Dr nic irvin , Dr john wallace , Professor heather darby , Dr inderjot chahal , Dr victoria ackroyd , Mr austin petry , Dr alyssa essman , Professor masoud hashemi , Dr andrew price , Professor humberto blanco , Professor matt ryan , Dr christina curell , Dr ken staverThis book provides a comprehensive review of the wealth of research on the varied roles of cover crops as a key tool in regenerative agriculture, how best to deploy them, as well as optimising use of different classes of cover crops in promoting soil health.
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Integrated management of soil-borne insect and fungal pests of coffee
Dr cesar j. fanton , Dr renan b. queiroz , Dr laércio zambolimThis chapter reviews the main soil-borne insect pests and fungal diseases affecting coffee plants. It begins by assessing insect pests such as termites, leaf-cutting ants, mealybugs, cicadas, root flies and White grubs. In each case, the chapter includes an overview, discussión of pest life cycle...
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Poultry breeding for sustainability and plasticity in functional traits: reality or fiction in the midst of conflicting interests
Professor sammy aggrey , Dr paul b. siegel , Dr romdhane rekayaFunctional traits support production traits and are at the crossroads between responses to environment and the animal’s performance. They respond to environmental dynamics and affect the G-matrix between functional and production traits. When resources are allocated to one function, fewer resourc...
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Future outlook on microbial bioprotectants in agriculture
Dr willem j. ravensbergMicrobial bioprotectants have the potential to play a major role in the future of crop protection. Agriculture needs to become more sustainable and still provide food security within planetary borders. New technologies and scientific discoveries can unravel the interactions between the plant, the...
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Evidence of pain in piglets subjected to invasive management procedures
Dr armelle prunier , Dr céline tallet , Dr dale sandercockIn this chapter, the authors examine the physiological and behavioural reactions in pigs submitted to tissue damaging procedures. They are grouped in three parts: (1) neural, (2) hormonal and metabolic and (3) behavioural consequences. The chapter focuses on surgical castration, tail docking and ...
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Advances in biostimulants in turfgrass
Prof michael fidanza , Dr cale bigelow , Dr stanley kostka , Dr erik ervin , Dr roch gaussoin , Dr frank rossi , Dr john cisar , Dr f. dan dinelli , Dr john pope , Dr james steffelThis chapter reviews the use of biostimulants in turfgrass management. It first identifies the different types of biostimulants that can be used for turfgrass, focusing on phytohormones, biopolymers, protein hydrolysates and other nitrogen-containing compounds, botanical and synthetic bioactive c...
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Agroforestry practices: riparian forest buffers and filter strips
Prof. richard schultz , Dr thomas isenhart , Dr william beck , Dr tyler groh , Dr morgan davisRiparian forest buffers are planned combinations of trees, shrubs, grasses, forbs and bioengineered structures adjacent to or within a stream channel designed to mitigate the impact of land use on the stream or creek. At the landscape level, riparian forest buffers link the land and aquatic envir...
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Integrated disease management in mango cultivation
Randy c. ploetzMango, Mangifera indica L., is affected by a great number of fruit, foliar, stem and root diseases. This chapter covers diseases that seriously impact the crop. Their significance, geographical distribution and history are outlined, and the symptoms, causal agent(s) and epidemiology of each are...
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Monitoring fruit quality and quantity in mangoes
Prof kerry walsh , Zhenglin wangThis chapter explores quality of mango from the perspectives of the grower, the packer, the retailer and the consumer. The chapter examines specifications for fruit at harvest maturity and at commercial maturity (eating stage), as well as technologies for monitoring relevant attributes, including...
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The role of global investors in protecting natural capital and delivering ecosystem services within agriculture, food and other land use value chains
Ms martina macphersonThis chapter summarises key sector developments and challenges, outlines the ‘five pillars of a sustainable food system’ and points to the role of financial markets products and investor engagement initiatives as potential enablers for medium- to longer-term transformative solutions in the sector.
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Developments in on-animal sensors for monitoring livestock
Dr mark trotter , Derek bailey , Jaime manning , Caitlin evans , Dr diogo costa , Elle fogarty , Anita changThis chapter introduces the concept and history of development of on-animal sensors. It explores the different components that make up these systems and the various challenges and limitations that are faced by developers seeking to operationalize these on commercial livestock farms. The specific ...
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A balanced approach to commercial poultry breeding
Nicholas b. anthonyBalanced selection aims to move all of the relevant traits of a breed in the direction of the preferred response. This approach takes into account performance traits of growth, yield and feed conversion, but also gives weight to fitness traits such as fertility, hatchability and early chick survi...
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Advances in insect pest management in postharvest storage of cereals: novel techniques
Dr peter follett , Dr georgios akepsimaidis , Dr nicolas meneses , Dr matthew murdoch , Dr heidi kotilainenIrradiation is a viable alternative to fumigation as a pre- or post-shipment quarantine treatment for control of stored product insects and pathogens in cereals and grains. Electron beam (e-beam) and x-ray are machine sources of ionizing radiation that avoid the problems associated with the trans...
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Diseases affecting wheat: wheat blast
Dr j. l. n. macielThis chapter describes the characteristics, origin and spread of the causative agents of wheat blast, based on the experience of managing this disease in Brazil (where the first wheat blast epidemic was reported, in 1985, which still causes great losses). Although many aspects of the disease’s oc...
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Ecological perspectives on the coffee leaf rust
Dr zachary hajian-forooshani , Prof john vandermeerThis chapter provides an ecological approach to the problem of coffee leaf rust. It first provides a brief overview of the research which has stemmed from a more technocentric approach to understanding and subsequently control CLR. The authors intentionally keep this section brief, but try to hig...
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Sustainable nutrition management of dairy cattle in intensive systems
Michel a. wattiaux , Matias a. aguerre , Sanjeewa d. ranathungaWhen measuring the sustainability of a dairy farm, one should take into account its technical and economic performance, its stewardship of natural resources, and the norms and policies of the society in which the farm operates. This means that managing dairy herd nutrition depends not only on mee...
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Targeted modification of promoters
Dr andika gunadi , Dr ning zhang , Prof john finerAlthough most genome editing efforts focus on modifications to gene coding regions, this chapter emphasizes genome editing of the upstream regulatory regions. Thoughtful editing of the promoter region will ultimately lead to improved plants, modified for more precise control of the intensity and ...
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Understanding and dealing with antibiotic resistance in poultry production
Dr poonam vinayamohan , Dr leya susan viju , Dr divya joseph , Dr kumar venkitanarayananThis chapter explores patterns of antimicrobial use (AMU) in poultry production, reviews recent modifications in AMU use and assesses their impact on trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The chapter also examines examine the common antimicrobial-resistant bacteria associated with poultry and...
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The impact of climate change on wheat insect pests: current knowledge and future trends
Prof. sanford d. eigenbrode , Sarina macfadyenAssessments of sustainability of wheat production systems under climate change must eventually include projected impacts on pests, weeds and diseases. Generating these projections is challenging because of the various mechanisms by which climate change can influence prevalence and impacts of thes...
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Organic banana cultivation and sustainability
Mr frans wielemaker sanderseThe cultivation of conventional bananas of the commercial Cavendish variety for export markets in the wet tropics requires a substantial amount of synthetic agrochemical input. Over the last 25 years, organic banana production has soared in Latin America. This chapter describes organic banana pro...
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Improving the uptake and assimilation of nitrogen in wheat plants
Jacques le gouis , Prof malcolm j. hawkesfordNitrogen is a critical macronutrient with a major influence on wheat grain yield and end-use quality. The key challenges are to detect and use genetic variability to breed for more efficient wheat varieties. For this, traits related to nitrogen capture by the root system, then nitrogen assimilati...
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Instant insights: sensor technologies in livestock monitoring
Dr mark trotter , Derek bailey , Jamie barwick , Jaime manning , Caitlin evans , Dr diogo costa , Elle fogarty , Anita chang , Dr dana l. m. campbell , Dr marisa a. erasmus , Dr michael iwersen , Dr marc drillich , Prof henk hogeveen , Dr mariska van der voort , Dr maciej oczak , Dr kristina maschat , Dr johannes baumgartnerThis collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on sensor technologies in livestock monitoring.
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Controlling pathogens in the poultry gut
Dr osman yasir koyun , Dr todd callawayFood-borne pathogenic bacteria are all too often found as commensal or transient organisms in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. Many of these organisms do not reveal themselves through illness in the bird, although some do. Therefore, it is important to find ways to apply treatment to all me...
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Quality defects associated with poultry muscle development: white striping
Dr yuwares malila , Dr krittaporn v. thanatsang , Dr yanee srimarutWhite striping (WS) is characterized by the appearance of white lines parallel to the direction of muscle fibers on the surface of chicken breast meat. Over the past twenty years WS has become a significant concern in the poultry industry. WS not only alters technological properties of affected m...
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Cell line sourcing and characterization for cultured meat product development
Dr leonard nelson , Dr richard siller , Dr gareth sullivanThis chapter explores the use of bioreactors for cell multiplication in cultured meat product development. The chapter begins by first providing an overview of the principles and structure of a bioreactor, which is followed by a breakdown of bioreactor operation modes: batch cultivation, fed-batc...
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Advances in using robots in forestry operations
Prof ola lindroos , Dr omar mendoza-trejo , Dr pedro la hera , Dr daniel ortiz moralesForestry operations have a role to play in the supply of fossil-free raw material to present and future bio-economies. Advances in automation will enable forestry operations to be conducted in a more sustainable way, with better consideration of economic, ecological and ergonomic requirements. Th...
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The use of feedlot/cereal grains in improving feed efficiency and reducing by-products such as methane in ruminants
Dr kristin hales , Dr jeferson lourenco , Dr darren s. seidel , Dr osman yasir koyun , Dr dylan davis , Dr christina welch , Dr james e. wells , Dr todd callawayCattle can convert sunlight into high quality foods via the process of microbial fermentation of plantstuffs in the rumen. Unfortunately, losses of carbon and energy associated with the fermentation of feedstuffs comes in the form of CO2 and CH4, which are greenhouse gases of increasing importanc...
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The use of agricultural robots in weed management and control
Prof brian steward , Dr jingyao gai , Dr lie tangWeed management and control are essential for the production of high-yielding and high-quality crops, and advances in weed control technology have had a huge impact on agricultural productivity. Any effective weed control technology needs to be both robust and adaptable. Robust weed control techn...
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Advances in monitoring and managing natural hazards and forest disturbances
Dr john a. stanturf , Dr lee frelich , Dr pablo j. donoso , Dr timo kuuluvainenManaging and monitoring disturbances of forest ecosystems and natural hazards are increasingly critical endeavors as proliferating pests and diseases, changing frequency and intensity of wildfires, windstorms, and invasive species and increases in ungulate herbivory are causing novel responses. T...
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Landscape models to support sustainable intensification of agroecological systems
Professor claas nendel , Dr p. zanderIntensification of agriculture to meet the growing demand of food and renewable resources is contrasted with a decrease in species diversity, pollution in water bodies and a decline in freshwater resources. To protect our resources, the natural functioning of ecosystems and the diversity of lands...
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Bioactive/nutraceutical compounds in fruit that optimize human health benefits
Ms federica blando , Dr miriana durante , Dr b. dave oomahIn the past decade, numerous reports demonstrate that high consumption of fruits and vegetables is beneficial for health, being associated with a reduced risk of degenerative diseases. This chapter provides a brief description of the chemistry of bioactive compounds (BCs) and their presence in te...
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Crop disease control efficacy and selection for resistance: two sides of the same coin?
Dr frank van den bosch , Dr stephen parnell , Dr neil paveleyFungicides are used to control plant disease, so any resistance management strategy of practical relevance needs to provide effective disease control. In general, a more intense treatment programme, with higher dosages and/or more applications will exert a higher selection pressure to the pathoge...
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Developing new sweet potato varieties with improved performance
P. zhang , Weijuan fan , Hongxia wang , Yinliang wu , Wenzhi zhou , Jun yangNovel sweet potato varieties with improved traits are needed, especially for marginal lands and disease-prone regions. However, the high degree of heterozygosity, high levels of male sterility, and self- and interspecific incompatibility of the sweet potato plant results in strong segregation of ...
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The future of crop modeling for sustainable agriculture
Emeritus professor ken booteCrop growth simulation models have become increasingly important as accepted tools with uses in education, research, crop management, industry, and government policy decisions related to improving and sustaining agricultural production of food, feed, fiber, and ecosystem services. This chapter b...
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Plant-insect interactions, host-plant resistance, and integrated pest management
Professor michael j. stoutThe interactions between plants and the arthropod herbivores that feed on them are intricate and multifaceted. Plant-arthropod interactions can be divided, heuristically, into host-plant finding, acceptance and utilization phases. Plant resistance results when a plant expresses traits that disrup...
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Instant insights: biofertiliser use in agriculture
Prof. lidia sas paszt , Dr slawomir gluszek , Dr sylvia kratz , Dr kerstin panten , Prof ewald schnug , Dr elke bloem , Dr april leytem , Dr robert dungan , Dr mindy spiehs , Dr dan miller , Dr m. j. salomon , Dr s. f. bender , Dr t. r. cavagnaro , Prof marcel van der heijden , Dr elisa zampieri , Dr iakovos s. pantelides , Dr raffaella balestriniThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of biofertilisers in agriculture to optimise plant and soil health, focussing on the use of treated wastes, animal manure, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.
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Instant insights: improving the welfare of gilts and sows
Dr s. björkman , Dr c. oliviero , Professor o. a. t. peltoniemi , Prof. paul h. hemsworth , Dr emma m. baxter , Prof. sandra edwardsThis collection reviews the range of welfare concerns that can arise in the different stages of pig production, focussing on pregnancy and parturition, breeding and gestation, and farrowing and lactation. Chapters consider best practices for mitigating welfare challenges and highlights the import...
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Advances in understanding and mitigating vegetable responses to abiotic stress
Dr frederik börnke , Dr dietmar schwarzPlants can suffer from either biotic or abiotic stress arising from a deficit in the physical or chemical environment of the plant. The damage imposed by abiotic stress may limit crop production by more than 70% and depends on the stressor. This chapter outlines the different types of abiotic str...
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Advances in molecular breeding techniques for barley: targeted induced local lesions in genomes (tilling)
Dr serena rosignoli , Dr silvio salviTILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) is a reverse genetics method which identifies individuals carrying allelic variants at a gene of interest, within a chemically mutagenized population. TILLING has a number of positive features, including the capacity to provide the investigator...
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Assessing the effect of biosolids on soil health
Dr fiona a. nicholson , Dr anne bhogal , Dr alison rollett , Dr john r. williamsThis chapter reviews the evidence for both the beneficial and potentially harmful effects of biosolids application on soil health, and highlights areas where further research is still required.
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Global patterns of cereal diseases and the impacts of breeding for host plant resistance
Dr serge savary , Dr laetitia willocquetPlant breeding for host plant resistance to pathogens brings together different disciplinary domains, especially genetics and plant pathology. The strategies underpinning plant breeding have therefore, logically, been influenced by a number of paradigms that have dominated the field of disease ma...
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Developments in anaerobic digestion to optimize the use of livestock manure
Dr mingxue gao , Dr danmeng wang , Dr chunlan mao , Dr yongzhong feng , Dr zhiyuan zhu , Dr xiaojiao wang , Dr guangxin ren , Dr gaihe yangThe purpose of this chapter is to discuss developments in anaerobic digestion (AD) to optimize use of livestock manure, particularly the use of livestock manure in the production of biogas. It also discusses the use of biogas slurry and residues. The chapter shows the how AD can play an important...
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Instant insights: ecosystem services delivered by forests
Dr oliver gardi , Prof beth a. kaplin , Dr matthew j. mcgrath , Dr anne sofie lansø , Dr guillaume marie , Dr yi-ying chen , Dr tuomo kalliokoski , Dr sebastiaan luyssaert , Dr kim naudts , Dr philippe peylin , Dr aude valade , Dr anne oxbrough , Dr jaime pinzón , Professor stephen h. anderson , Dr r. p. udawattaThis collection provides a considered overview of the range of ecosystem services delivered by tropical, temperate and boreal forests. Chapters explore the role of forests in storing carbon, improving hydrological cycles and optimising soil health.
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Surveillance and monitoring of weed populations
Anita dilleTo implement integrated weed management more effectively, the temporal and spatial distribution of weed populations in a field need to be determined. Weed species tend to be patchy and this influences the ability to calculate average weed densities when conducting a survey. This chapter reviews c...
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Meeting amino acid requirements in pig nutrition
Professor sung woo kimProtein is one of the major components of the pig’s body, and dietary protein is the sole source of essential amino acids required for the protein synthesis for body maintenance, growth and reproduction. The protein synthesis is limited when there is a deficiency of any amino acid, and it is ther...
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Durum wheat: production, challenges and opportunities
J. m. clarke , K. nilsen , D. khitiri , X. lin , C. j. pozniak , K. ammarDurum wheat is principally used for the manufacture of pasta, couscous and, to a lesser extent, in the production of bulgur and bread. This chapter explores the challenges and opportunities of durum wheat production in the twenty-first century, addressing globally important production as well as ...
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Fungal diseases affecting barley
Dr robert brueggeman , Dr shyam solanki , Dr gazala ameen , Dr karl effertz , Dr roshan sharma poudel , Dr aziz karakayaThis chapter reviews current research on the main fungal diseases affecting barley. It first reviews what we know about the mecanisms of barley genetic resistance to fungal pathogens. The chapter then focuses on the description of major fungal pathogens effecting barley production, new insights i...
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Understanding and improving the shelf-life of eggs
Prof. juliet r. robertsThe shelf-life of eggs is determined by various government and industry agencies, as well as by retailers. It is based on the internal quality of the eggs and their microbiological safety. The avian egg possesses many intrinsic anti-microbial properties that are designed to ensure the safety of t...
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