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Developments in water sharing and water trading
Different strategies in water management exist to deal with water scarcity issues in agriculture. This chapter provides an overview of the fundamentals and developments of two water allocation/demand management strategies, i.e. water sharing and water trading, with a focus on the Australian exper...
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Green feed in organic pig farming
An organic diet based on regionally produced feed components is a fundamental goal in organic pig production. There is a huge unexploited potential in implementing local produced “green feed components” in organic pig diets as a sustainable alternative to the current high reliance on concentrates...
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Diseases affecting production of yellow mealworms as a protein source
Yellow mealworms, Tenebrio molitor, are increasingly being used as a source of protein for humans, as well as for feeding animals. However, as with any other type of livestock, yellow mealworms can be affected by diseases, which can lead to reduced productivity. In this chapter, the authors revie...
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Advances in drainage design and management for irrigated agriculture
Investments in drainage in irrigated agriculture are lagging well behind investments in irrigation. As a result, salinity and waterlogging problems now affect about 10–16% of these irrigated areas. To combat these problems and to cope with gradual changes in land use and a changing climate, the r...
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Advances in understanding the genetics of and breeding for resistance to infectious disease in pigs
Pigs are exposed to numerous infectious disease pathogens, with large economic and welfare implications. How pigs respond to disease is in part determined by genetics. Thus, genetic improvement is one of the tools that can be used to mitigate the impact of disease, complementing biosecurity and v...
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Challenges in commercialising microbial-based biopesticides for controlling insect pests
Biopesticides, pest control products based on microbes or their bioactive compounds, are a growing segment of the biocontrol market, including those targeting insects. Biopesticides, including those targeting plant diseases and weeds, currently comprise ~10% of the total pesticide market, with bi...
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Managing energy demands in irrigated agriculture
The modernisation of irrigation districts, where traditional networks based on open channels are replaced by pressurised pipe networks, represents a change in the delicate balance between water and energy use. In this way, water use efficiency is increased, but energy consumption is highly augmen...
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Challenges in risk assessment of biopesticides for insect pests
Biopesticides are important tools for controlling insect pests, and demand for them is growing globally. While biopesticides are generally considered to be of low risk, robust risk assessments are still needed to support their registration. Addressing testing questions and challenges will help be...
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New approaches for determining the nutritional value of pig feed
Precision feed formulation is a key component of precision feeding programs that requires accurate, dynamic assessment of numerous nutrients and chemical compounds that have positive (functional nutrients) and negative (anti-nutritional) effects on health, efficiency, and productivity of pigs. Re...
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Gastrointestinal development in pigs: implications for nutrition and performance
This chapter discusses the pivotal developmental changes within a pig's gastrointestinal system (GIT) across various life stages, emphasizing their importance for achieving growth, health, and feed efficiency. The authors begin by describing how during the prenatal phase, the GIT experiences subs...
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Improving the management of parasites in organic dairy farming
Parasites of animals constitute an important part of any ecosystem, including livestock production systems. This chapter summarizes the most important internal parasite infections and problems typically recognized in organic dairy farming, including cryptosporidiosis and coccidiosis in young calv...
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Advances in understanding poultry digestive anatomy and physiology
A well-functioning digestive tract is key to a sustainable poultry production. Significant progress in our understanding of the digestive tract functionality has allowed for further improvements, and will continue to do so. Feed intake is a prerequisite for a high performance, where feed particle...
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Advances in soil viromics in understanding viral diversity and function
This book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution and advances in soil viromics, highlighting key methodologies, such as metagenomics, dsRNA extraction, and virus-like particle extraction, and their contributions to understanding soil viral diversity. It explores the intricate ...
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The impact and design of field margins in promoting biodiversity in agricultural landscapes
Heterogeneous agroecosystems with diverse natural areas are more resilient than homogeneous landscapes. One way of achieving this is by creating field margins in order to establish a network of semi-natural vegetation across the landscape. Field margins support biodiversity within agricultural sy...
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The international context: the role of codex alimentarius in setting safety and quality standards for global agri-food supply chains
This chapter reviews the origins and development of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, established by the United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). It describes the Codex organizational structure and standard setting process. The chapter ...
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Nutritional strategies to optimize reproductive performance of the highly prolific sow
The feeding of a prolific sow is a complex process that involves proper nutrient formulation, feed delivery, and an understanding of the biological challenges that she will undergo within her lifetime. In addition, the timeframe in which a sow within the herd is productive is spent predominantly ...
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Developments in agri-environment schemes (aes): north america
This chapter presents an economic perspective on significant agri-environmental policies that affect U.S. agriculture and assesses some of the environmental outcomes of these policies. The authors first present a conceptual framework for designing and assessing environmental intervention in agric...
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Forecasting future global agricultural water demand: current projections and future challenges
Population and economic growth, urbanization, and lifestyle changes are key drivers of water demand estimation. Climatic change and risks add another dimension to the calculus. However, unreliable baseline information and future uncertainties of many drivers are barriers to accurate demand projec...
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Improving agri-food supply chains in africa
Agricultural value chains in the African context play a pivotal role in the attainment of increased food security, sustainable development, and economic growth when properly integrated into the broader global value chains. Nevertheless, African value chains confront substantial challenges, includ...
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The use of probiotics and prebiotics to improve gut function and immunity in poultry: unlocking the secrets of avian wellness
Probiotics and prebiotics boost poultry gut health and immunity. This chapter discusses current research and practical applications of these microbial-based supplements for chicken production. The chicken industry has struggled recently with gastrointestinal disorders, poor meal absorption, and v...
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Optimizing soils, pasture and grassland management for organic dairy farming
Organic dairy cows should be able to rely on homegrown forages, especially pasture, as their main source of nutrition. A critical aim is to ensure cows have the optimum body condition at calving and inevitable lactational loss of condition are minimised. Some of the desired attributes of an organ...
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The role of governments in driving sustainability standards: governance structures and green finance
Agri-food supply chains have been linked to a number of negative environmental and social externalities, including environmental pollution, biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and labour abuses and there are growing societal demands that such negative impacts should be addressed. Th...
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Measuring and improving good agricultural practices (gap) related to safety of fresh produce: the case of controlled environment agriculture
Measuring and improving good agricultural practices (GAP) related to food safety of fresh produce is important, especially as many crops, such as leafy vegetables, are sold as ‘ready to eat’ at the point of purchase. Previous approaches to food safety-related hazard analysis and risk assessment f...
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Understanding and optimizing the use of prebiotics in pig nutrition
This chapter discussed the use of prebiotics in pig nutrition. It begins with a section covering dietary fibre and prebiotics, then moves on to describe types of prebiotics, including: oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and non-carbohydrate prebiotics. Next, mode of actions for prebiotics is expl...
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The water-energy-food nexus (wef)
This chapter briefly introduces the nexus approach, focussing on water issues. It is not an attempt to summarise the vast literature on the topic but rather to illustrate the concept by presenting selected examples of each element of the nexus and their interlinkages (water–energy, energy–food, a...
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Microbial bioprotectants for plant disease management
This collection summarises and reviews the wealth of recent research on the development of more environmentally friendly biological methods to control plant diseases.
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Key factors limiting sustainable insect pest management in soybeans
If sustainability implies the preservation of resources for future generations, then pest management tools, like insecticides and insect-resistant varieties, can be considered resources that should be preserved for future generations. Overuse of these tools can result in resistance such that thei...
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Instant insights: mite pests in agriculture
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on mite pests in agriculture.
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Energy-smart poultry farming
This chapter describes how energy is used in poultry production buildings today and discusses the factors that have driven the growth of energy use. It then identifies opportunities toward energy-smart production including existing technologies and management practices that can lead to significan...
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Advances in tissue culture techniques for ornamental plant propagation
This chapter reviews advances in tissue culture techniques for ornamental plant propagation. It begins by looking at research on the factors determing the effectiveness of tissue culture techniques. It then looks at key developments in the range of in vitro tissue culture techniques. These includ...
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Developing tomato varieties with improved flavour
Tomato fruit quality is a complex trait involving a number of components, including appearance, flavour, aroma and texture. There is a large range of genetic diversity in tomato for fruit quality components. Although a few major mutations may have a huge effect on fruit quality (notably the rin m...
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Sustainable approaches to control postharvest diseases of apples
Long-term storage of apples faces challenges in maintaining fruit quality and reducing losses from postharvest diseases. Currently the apple industry relies mainly on synthetic fungicides to control postharvest decays. However, the limitations to fungicides such as development of resistance in pa...
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Modelling the impact of climate change on agriculture in south asia
This chapter reviews the vulnerability to climate change of the key agricultural sector in South Asian countries. After looking at India as an example of how to assess the specific impact of climate change on agriculture, the chapter summarises the ways climate change affects basic plant processe...
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Advances and future directions in poultry feeding: an overview
The poultry industry has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years. This chapter provides a discussion of the advances and future directions in the poultry feeding. Advancements include defining nutrient requirements, composition and ingredient quality, better feed formulation and the adv...
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Exploiting current musa collections
Collections of Musa provide material for germplasm and genetic improvement; however, several challenges must be addressed by collections and information systems to optimize their use. In this chapter, we discuss conservation and germplasm integrity, accession characterization and information that...
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Drivers of change for cassava’s multiple roles in sustainable development
This chapter reviews the ways cassava yields can be improved sustainably to keep pace with a rising population. It also looks more broadly at improving the role cassava can play in improving farmers’ and consumers’ lives – through income generation, improved food security, better nutrition, and a...
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Specialty coffees as drivers of change
This chapter reviews the role and importance of specialty coffees. It looks at the emergence of the sector and issues of definition, whether in terms of sensory quality attributes such as a unique flavor, geographical origin or methods of production. As well as factors affecting pricing, it revie...
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Understanding resistance to anilinopyrimidine fungicides
Anilinopyrimidines (AP) are a chemical class of fungicides that are effective against a broad range of phytopathogenic fungi. Cyprodinil, mepanipyrim and pyrimethanil belonging to this class are currently available in the market. Resistance to AP fungicides has been reported in various fungal spe...
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Postharvest handling of organically produced specialty crops
Worldwide demand for organically produced specialty crops continues to increase. Both conventional and organic postharvest handling practices require a comprehensive approach from selection of plant material through production, harvest, storage, and marketing. This chapter discusses the differen...
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Advances in genetic improvement of durable resistance to fusarium head blight in wheat
Wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease in wheat worldwide. Wheat resistance to FHB is a complex with five types. Each type of resistance is controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with most having minor effects and being affected by environments. This chapter desc...
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Soil solarization: a sustainable method
Solar heating of soils, better known as soil solarization, involves heating moist and mulched soil (with a transparent polyethylene film) for several weeks. Its advantages include its non-chemical nature and its effective use in a wide range of agricultural areas worldwide. This chapter reviews t...
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The comparative and evolutionary genomics of sorghum
Sorghum has a relatively small diploid genome, and retains much of the chromosomal structure and organization of its common ancestor. It also has multiple origins of domestication in different regions of Africa, resulting in a highly diverse germplasm well adapted to drought and other challengin...
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Biological control in integrated management of deciduous fruit insect pests: the use of semiochemicals
Over the past 25 years, semiochemical-based technologies have emerged as essential components of pest management programmes in deciduous fruit production systems. Pheromone-based mating disruption is by far the most widely adopted behavioural control, with nearly 800 000 ha of fruit crops treated...
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Improving rumen function
Part 1 summarises advances in analysing the rumen microbiome. Part 2 reviews recent research on different types of rumen microbiota. Part 3 discusses the way the rumen processes nutrients whilst Part 4 explores nutritional strategies to optimise rumen function.
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Instant insights: novel biocontrol agents
This book provides a detailed overview of recent advances in the use of novel biocontrol agents in agriculture as well as the regulatory issues which may arise as a result of their development.
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Balancing pasture productivity with environmental and animal health requirements
Plant breeders face the significant challenge of developing high-performing pasture and supplementary feed crops that maintain the profitability of temperate grassland farming systems while reducing the environmental footprint and animal health issues. This chapter provides examples of where new ...
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Advances in understanding the development of immune function in pigs
Medicine preventive programs in swine medicine are focused on minimising the negative effects of diseases on pig production. In the case of neonatal diseases, the acquisition of maternally derived acquired immunity , through colostrum ingestion, is critical to providing enough humoral and cellula...
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Organic production of wheat and spelt
Wheat plays a major role in organic agriculture around the globe. This chapter reviews the current state of organic cultivation of wheat and of its close relative, spelt, with a focus on crop diversification, through rotational design, use of species mixtures containing wheat, and diversification...
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