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Precision feed formulation is a key component of precision feeding programs that requires accurate, dynamic assessment of numerous nutrients and chemical compounds that have positive (functional nutrients) and negative (anti-nutritional) effects on health, efficiency, and productivity of pigs. Recent review articles and studies have described the advantages and disadvantages of various analytical and in vivo methods for determining energy and nutrient composition and digestibility, physicochemical properties of dietary fiber, digestion kinetics, and physical characteristics associated with the nutritional value of feed ingredients. Prediction equations and models to dynamically estimate the nutritional value of feed ingredients are summarized. Determination of several anti-nutritional compounds and various functional nutrients and compounds must be considered when assessing the overall nutritional value of feed ingredients because of their effects on energy and nutrient utilization efficiency and animal health. Life cycle assessment data of feed ingredients also influence nutritional value when used as constraints in multi-objective feed formulation.
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methodology reviews and studies to determine energy, nutrient content, and digestibility in feed ingredients
- 3 Models and equations to dynamically predict energy, nutrient content, and digestibility in feed ingredients
- 4 Anti-nutritional factors and associated analytical methods
- 5 Functional nutrients
- 6 Environmental impact indicators of feed ingredients
- 7 Conclusion
- 8 Where to look for further information
- 9 References