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Instant insights: tropical agroforestry
Dr john lynam , Dr lindsey norgrove , Dr tabea allen , Dr ata davatgar , Dr rolando cerda , Dr luis orozco-aguilar , Dr norvin sepúlveda , Dr jenny ordoñez , Dr geovana carreño-rocabado , Dr freddy amores , Dr willan caicedo , Dr samuel oblitas , Dr eduardo somarriba , Dr arlene lópez-sampsonThis collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on tropical agroforestry.
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Production of biodiesel from oilseeds: canola/rapeseed
Prof b. brian he , Dr dev shresthaSince biodiesel has been commercialized and is widely adopted by the public, the demand for a sufficient and consistent supply of feedstock is the decisive factor for a sustainable biodiesel industry. Currently, rapeseed oil is the dominant feedstock for biodiesel production in Europe, while soyb...
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Improving nitrogen use efficiency in crop production
Adjunct professor jagdish kumar ladha , Professor claudia wagner-riddle , Professor claudia wagner-riddle , Professor brent kaiser , Professor brent kaiser , Professor nandula raghuram , Professor nandula raghuram , Professor brenda tubana , Professor brenda tubana , Dr mizanur rahman , Dr bijay singh , Dr bijay singh , Professor deli chen , Professor deli chen , Dr chelsea k. janke , Dr chelsea k. janke , Professor harold van es , Professor harold van es , Professor masoud hashemi , Professor masoud hashemi , Dr alan franzluebbers , Dr alan franzluebbers , Dr iris vogeler , Dr iris vogeler , Dr lucie chmelikova , Dr lucie chmelikova , Professor david pannell , Professor david pannell , Dr t. k. adhya , Professor ignacio ciampitti , Professor ignacio ciampitti , Samantha earl-goulet , Laura van eerd , Kate congreves , Muhammad uddin , Francine perrine-walker , Dinesh kumar jaiswal , Gilles lemaire , Daniel forestieri , R. j. buresh , S. peng , Shu kee lam , Baobao pan , Xia liang , Arvin mosier , Dr cristina martinez , Dr yash dang , Dr michael j. bell , Jeff melkonian , Rebecca marjerison , Asjad tariq sheikh , Samantha glaze-corcoran , Dr peter sørensen , Ingrid thomsen , Professor friedhelm taube , Kurt-jürgen hülsbergen , Sebastian wolfrumThis collection reviews the wealth of research on ways of improving nitrogen use efficiency in crop production as a means of reducing the agricultural sector’s environmental impact and rebalancing the global nitrogen cycle.
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Advances in understanding rodent pests affecting cereal grains
Dr peter r. brown , Dr grant r. singleton , Dr steven r. belmain , Dr nyo me htwe , Dr loth mulungu , Dr mashaka mdangi , Dr regino caviaPost-harvest losses by rodents are estimated to be similar as for pre-harvest losses; somewhere from 0.25% to 25% or more, but generally considered to average around 5-10%, which is similar to the level of post-harvest losses caused by insects. There have been very few studies measuring post-harv...
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Mechanisms of soil erosion/degradation
Professor jane ricksonSoil degradation threatens soil health in terms of soils functioning as complex living biological systems, delivering multiple ecosystem goods and services. For example, soil erosion removes the most fertile topsoil, reducing soil depth and soil health, which leads to poor crop growth. This impac...
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Food waste in food services
Dr sampsa nisonen , Dr kirsi silvennoinenFood services generate significant amounts of food waste, which is originally edible and already prepared for eating, causing unnecessary impacts on the environment and the economy. Food waste studies have been conducted with varying methods and there are also large differences between food servi...
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Detecting and preventing chemical residues in pig meat
Amy-lynn hallThe US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) new animal drug approval process evaluates veterinary drugs intended for use in food-producing animals for safety and effectiveness. As part of the human food safety evaluation, new animal drugs are evaluated for microbial food safety, toxicology and res...
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The genetic diversity of mangoes
Noris ledesmaThis chapter provides a list of the principal mango cultivars, selected on the basis of their local and global importance. The description of cultivars is based on evaluations conducted by Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden in Miami, Florida. The data reflects some 30 years of research. Descriptio...
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Cultivation, production and marketing of organic tea
Dr nikhil ghosh hajraThis chapter provides an overview of the development of organic and biodynamic tea production in different producing countries, exploring cultivation practices, the global market for, and trade in, organic tea, and research priorities. The chapter assesses the pattern of yield trend after convers...
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Advances in dairy cattle breeding to improve heat tolerance
Dr thuy t. t. nguyenElevated temperature can impact dairy cows in many aspects, leading to a decline in productivity and ultimately the profitability of the industry. There is a need to breed for heat tolerant dairy cattle to mitigate these impacts. This chapter outlines technologies to breed for more heat tolerant ...
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Field robots for plant phenotyping
Dr rick van de zedde , Dr lili yaoThe technology developed within the domain of plant phenotyping provides excellent data-driven tools for plant breeders to use in the collection and description of the relationship between genotyping and environmental factors. Field robots are emerging as sensor-mounted phenotyping platforms, whi...
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Managing soil health in organic cultivation
A. fortuna , Dr a. bhowmik , Dr a. bary , Dr c. coggerAlthough organic standards do not refer directly to soil health, organic agriculture has the potential to improve soil health and environmental services by promoting soil conservation and reducing greenhouse gases. This chapter presents findings from a field experiment which continuously monitore...
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Developing soil health indicators for improved soil management on farm
Dr e. a. stockdale , Dr paul hargreaves , Dr anne bhogalWhilst there is a growing range of ways to measure individual soil physical chemical and biological properties, a particular concern of scientists, policy makers and farmers is the lack of robust, practical measures of soil health that can be used to describe the current state of soil, underpin d...
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Advances in techniques for health monitoring/disease detection in dairy cattle
Dr michael iwersen , Dr marc drillichLivestock production has been characterized by the intensification and specialization of production leading to larger farms and, hence, to fewer farmers per animal. Thus, the animal-to-stockman ratio is increasing and the available time for monitoring an individual animal is reducing. In the same...
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Factors affecting shelf life of poultry meat
Dr alberto gonzález-mohíno , Dr mario estévezPoultry meat and meat products are highly susceptible to both oxidative and microbial spoilage. This chapter reviews recent progress in understanding of the mechanisms behind microbial spoilage as well as lipid and protein oxidation. These understanding enables design and implementation of novel ...
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Understanding and exploiting genetics of tropical tree species for restoration of tropical forests
Prof reiner finkeldey , Dr markus müller , Dr carina carneiro de melo moura , Dr oliver gailingThe development of sound conservation and regeneration strategies depends on the exploitation of genetic variation of tropical trees. Patterns of genetic variation have been assessed in field trials and at molecular markers only for a few main plantation species such as eucalypts. Preliminary evi...
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Advances in pest risk assessment techniques focusing on invertebrate pests of european outdoor crops
Dr mark w. ramsden , Dr samuel telling , Dr daniel j. leybourne , Dr natasha alonso , Dr sacha white , Dr nikos georgantzisPest Risk Assessments (PRAs) provide a simple evidence-based evaluation of risk posed by one or more pests to crops and can support farmers and farm advisors in developing integrated pest management strategies. By providing a structured approach to estimating the likelihood of pests infesting cro...
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The use of internet of things (iot) to improve transparency in agri-food supply chains
Dr rounaq nayakGlobal food production needs to increase by approximately 70% by 2050 to ensure food security and feed the global population which is expected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050. To achieve these objectives in a sustainable manner, there is a need for modernisation and intensification of agricultural p...
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Ensuring the genetic diversity of coffee
Sarada krishnanDeveloping adaptation strategies will be critical in sustaining the coffee economy and livelihoods in many countries, owing to continued rises in production costs, as well as problems related to negative impacts of climate change and higher incidence of pests and diseases. Utilizing the varied ge...
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Diseases affecting tea plants
G. d. sinniahTea plantations are attacked by a number of pathogens which reduce yields and shorten the lifespan of tea bushes. This chapter reviews major diseases which pose a threat to tea production. It considers recent advances in disease diagnosis, understanding of host-pathogen interactions and managemen...
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An overview of subsurface irrigation techniques
Dr andrea dührkoop , Oliver henselWater is a scarce resource which plays a crucial role in agriculture. As climate change and population growth increase the strain on water supplies, involved actors are forced to look for water-saving irrigation methods for food production. This chapter reviews four key subsurface irrigation tech...
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The use of allelopathy and competitive crop cultivars for weed suppression in cereal crops
James m. mwendwa , Jeffrey d. weidenhamer , Leslie a. westonDue to the rise of herbicide resistance, diverse weed management tools are required to ensure sustainable weed control. This chapter focuses on competitive cereal crops and cultural strategies for weed management, including the use of weed-suppressive cultivars, post-harvest crop residues, and co...
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Traditional animal breeding of cattle to improve carcass composition and meat quality
Matt spanglerGenetic selection for carcass attributes such as marbling and tenderness is relatively new compared to selection for growth traits. Estimated breeding values (EBVs) allow for the comparison of animals for their genetic potential as parents for a given trait. This chapter reviews the role of EBVs,...
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Functional–structural plant modeling of plants and crops
Dr jochem b. evers , Professor leo f. m. marcelisCrop models have been instrumental in predicting yields in wide ranges of current and future environmental conditions. However, they encounter problems in representing spatial heterogeneity of a plant stand and the associated plant responses to local conditions, as well as in simulating the effec...
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Global trends in pesticide resistance
Professor richard oliver , Dr reem aboukhaddour , Dr clint allen , Professor eduardo alves , Dr caio rossi , Professor monica hӧfte , Professor guy smagghe , Professor maria gullino , Dr maurizio sattin , Dr maor matzrafi , Dr fathiya khamis , Professor juan vorster , Professor hitesh solanki , Dr mukesh dhillon , Dr chuah tse seng , Dr francisco j. lopez-ruiz , Dr lisa bird , Professor chris prestonThis book provides a detailed overview of regional trends in the development of resistance to key groups of fungicides, insecticides and herbicides and their implications for future pesticide use.
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Advances and challenges in sustainable raspberry/blackberry cultivation
Dr julie graham , Dr alison karley , Dr alison dolan , Dr dominic williams , Dr nikki jenningsRubus crops are important for human health and for employment in rural communities. As demand for these berry crops increases at a time of changing climate and consumer awareness of real and/or perceived risks associated with traditional growing practices including inputs, new breeding strategies...
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Salmonella control in pig production
Jan dahlSalmonella infections of zoonotic origin are one of the most frequent causes of zoonotic infections worldwide, and there are clear indications that, at least in some countries, pork is an important source of human salmonellosis. This chapter describes the epidemiology of salmonella and possible i...
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Resistance breeding in barley against barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv): avoiding negative impacts on anatomy and physiology
Dr torsten will , Prof frank ordon , Dr dragan perovicBarley yellow dwarf (BYD) is one of the most widespread and damaging viral diseases of grasses and cereal crops worldwide. Due to an increasing risk of food losses e.g. in barley by Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) as a consequence of climate change, associated by a strong demand to decrease the ...
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Use of antimicrobials in poultry processing plants: the case of the united states
Dr dana k. dittoe , Dr elena george olson , Professor steven c. rickePoultry is one of the most consumed meats in the United States, and processors strive to provide consumers with safe and wholesome products. Consequently, poultry processors are challenged to reduce the abundance of pathogens such as Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni in raw poultry products. De...
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Avocado cultivation and biodiversity challenges
Dr yvette lange , Prof warren marounAvocados, also referred to as alligator pears, butter fruits and ‘green gold’ are a blessing and a curse. The fruits are a high-value crop which can be used by farmers in emerging economies to generate much-needed income. Avocados are high in calories, vitamins and minerals and, as a result, can ...
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Weed management practices and benefits in conservation agriculture systems
Professor gottlieb basch , Dr fernando teixeira , Professor sjoerd w. duikerConservation Agriculture (CA) systems are often perceived as relying heavily on herbicides for weed management with no margin for herbicide input reduction. This perception results from production systems that are focussed mainly on the minimum soil disturbance component or no-till, but neglectin...
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Data-driven decision support tools in dairy herd health
Dr victor e. cabreraThis chapter describes the development process of data-driven decision support tools for dairy herd management with an emphasis on real-time continuous data integration and its applications on dairy herd health. It includes concepts on big data analysis, expert systems, and artificial intelligenc...
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Sensory evaluation of cow’s milk
Stephanie clarkDespite advances in dairy technology, milk is still a highly perishable product with a limited shelf life. Mistakes in milk handling between cow and consumer can lead to milk quality defects and shorter shelf life. Understanding where such mistakes can occur, how to recognize off-flavors, and how...
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Advances in soilless culture of ornamentals
Dr erik van os , Dr arca kromwijkIn the production of cut flowers and pot plants there are slow developments towards closed growing systems with recirculation of the surplus nutrient solution. In some countries, such as in The Netherlands, legislation to reduce discharges is a steering factor, as well as the advantages of a dise...
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Advances in decision support systems (dsss) for integrated pest management in horticultural crops
Dr mark w. ramsden , Dr aoife o’driscollDecision support systems (DSS) are an vital tool in advancing the integrated management of horticultural pests. Whether the DSS support strategic, tactical or operational decisions, they can enable growers and their advisors to make difficult choices based on the best information on potential ris...
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Instrumentation and methodology for the quantification of phytochemicals in tea
Ting zhang , Xiaojian lv , Yin xu , Lanying xu , Tao long , Chi-tang ho , Shiming liTea contains many phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, amino acids, vitamins, carbohydrates and purine alkaloids that possess important physiological properties and health-promoting benefits. Tea components are closely associated with tea variety, the growing conditions and regions of tea plants ...
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Advances in the use of entomopathogenic bacteria/microbial control agents (mcas) as biopesticides in suppressing crop insect pests
Dr tejas rao , Dr juan luis jurat-fuentesBiopesticides based on entomopathogenic bacteria are the most economically successful microbial pesticides and an effective and safe alternative to increase sustainability of agricultural crop production. Hallmarks of bacterial biopesticides include potent and highly specific insecticidal activit...
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The role of the dairy matrix in the contribution of milk and dairy products to the human diet
Dr jan geurtsMilk and dairy products are an important part of the daily diet in many regions of the world due to their recognised contribution to the recommended intake of a variety of valuable nutrients, the amount of energy (calories) they provide and their ability to compensate for foods in the diet with l...
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Microbial protein metabolism in the monogastric gastrointestinal tract: a review
Dr kim c. m. lammers-jannink , Dr stefanía magnúsdóttir , Dr wilbert f. pellikaan , John r. pluske , Dr walter j. j. gerritsDietary and endogenous protein that become available for the microbiota in the hindgut can be metabolized via different routes. They can become building blocks for the microbial cells or enter different catabolic pathways. Protein degradation via fermentation pathways is seen as a non-preferred r...
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Sustainable rice cultivation in coastal saline soils: a case study
Sukanta k. sarangi , Buddheswar majiThis chapter describes the development of stress-tolerant rice varieties and management practices for their cultivation. The chapter offers a detailed account of sustainable rice cultivation practices including leaching of salts from the root zone, nutrient management for saline/acid saline soils...
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Trends in the development of herbicide-resistant weeds
Ian heapSince the mid-1940s, herbicides have been the most cost-effective and efficient method of weed control for agronomic crops. Today, herbicide-resistant weeds, in combination with a decline in industry discovery programmes and a cessation in discovery of new herbicide sites of action, threaten the...
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Integrated management of arthropod pests of cassava: the case of southeast asia
Ignazio graziosi , Kris a. g. wyckhuysHigh-yielding varieties and improved agronomy have led to substantial increases in cassava crop productivity throughout Southeast Asia; however, in recent years, those advances are being jeopardized by recurrent outbreaks of several non-native arthropod pests and (insect-vectored) pathogens. In t...
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Understanding and developing closed-loop nutrient cycles in crop production
Dr theun vellingaThis chapter focuses on developing closed-loop nutrient cycles in crop production. It starts by first discussing the importance of understanding nutrient cycling in agri-food systems, then goes on to highlight current options for achieving closed-loop nutrient cycles. A section on manure manageme...
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Instant insights: machine vision applications in agriculture
Various authors , Dr jean-marc gilliot , Dr ophélie sauzet , Dr megan long , Dr polina kurtser , Dr stephanie lowry , Dr ola ringdahl , Dr wei ma , Dr zhiwei tian , Prof claudia arcidiacono , Dr s. m. c. portoThis book provides a detailed overview on machine vision applications in agriculture, ranging from its use as a means of measuring soil texture and structure, to its use in precision livestock farming systems to improve livestock health and welfare.
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Advances in lettuce cultivation
Prof rosemary collierModern lettuce production systems are dominated by the need to produce a high-quality product cost-effectively. However, environmental and human health considerations are increasingly important with regard to the use of water, fertilizer and pesticides and are driving particular developments in t...
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Advances in mango cultivation
Dr victor galán saúcoThe mango is an important crop and is commercially cultivated in all continents, both in the tropics and subtropics. According to FAO statistics, mangoes are produced in 100 countries and on a global scale, mango production has increased considerably. This chapter explains the genetic aspects tha...
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Occurrence and avoidance of fungicide resistance in cereal diseases
Dr lise nistrup jørgensen , Professor richard oliver , Dr thies marten heickThe targeted use of fungicides can help minimise the yield losses caused to grain cereals by plant pathogenic fungi. However, the long-term use of fungicide classes based on a single mode of action has imposed consistent selection pressures on certain pathogens. Over time, this has resulted in ma...
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Soil health: towards a sustainable world
Professor william r. horwathSoil health is one of the most popular research agendas in current agriculture science. It has been addressed to some extent for centuries, but today we have the scientific tools to examine and quantify chemical, physical and biological aspects of soil. The link of soil health to human and anima...
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