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Turkey has always had a complicated relationship with the West and the Liberal International Order, owing to its geographic and historical position that straddles geographic divides.
This book explores Turkey’s relationship with the Liberal International Order and its economic, security and political ties. While Turkey’s position within the Liberal International Order has always been challenged internally and externally, events in recent years have resulted in further questioning of its position. This book provides a long-term view of Turkey’s relation to liberal internationalism, demonstrating how the republic emerged simultaneously with the emergence of the first post-First World War version of liberal international order. It demonstrates both the challenges and the opportunities that Turkey’s position within and outside liberal internationalism poses to the future of such forms of liberal internationalism. Crucially, it demonstrates how Turkey’s foreign policy stances are and will likely continue to be closely linked to political developments within the country.
This is a groundbreaking exploration of Turkey’s evolving place in the liberal international order, weaving historical insight with sharp analysis to reveal how a pivotal middle power navigates global structures. It is essential reading for students and scholars of international relations, history and foreign policy.
Introduction
1. Emergence and articulation: Turkey’s national interest and the two postwar Liberal International Orders, 1919–60
2. Between autonomy and alliance: Turkey’s foreign policy and the Liberal International Order from the start of the Cold War to the end of Détente, 1960–80
3. Redefining alignment: Turkey in the Liberal International Order from the ‘Second’ Cold War to the post-Cold War road to European candidacy, 1980–99
4. From crisis to transformation: Turkey, the Liberal International Order, and the challenge of hegemony since 2000
Conclusion