The major challenge faced by tomato production is the need to increase productivity by improving resistance and tolerance to crop stresses. Cultivar improvement depends on our ability to identify, study and leverage the genetic diversity present among tomato germplasm resources worldwide from which new resistance/tolerance traits can be selected and transferred via breeding and biotechnology. To achieve this, it is critical to combine the study of the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. This chapter summarizes the current status and advances in our understanding of tomato stress responses. Furthermore, it discusses future trends in tomato stress biology and its potential implications for tomato improvement.