Weeds vary in species and density across fields, but an attempt at uniform management is typically implemented. In this chapter, we review the definition and underpinnings of site-specific weed management, and discuss how information about weed spatial and temporal variability can be used to determine if weed management strategies should be varied by location. We consider how data regarding weed distribution can first be collected using satellites, aerial platforms and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and then verified (ground-truthed) by scouting. We also review the advantages of site-specific weed management, as well as the major factors which stand in the way of its adoption.