The political changes and theological debates of the fourth century influenced and transformed the catechetical practice of late antique Christianity. The catechetical Lectures of Cyril of Jerusalem reveal that in mid-fourth century Jerusalem the process of becoming a Christian was mainly understood as a process of religious education. In this study, Olga Lorgeoux analyses both the contents that were transmitted to those who were about to be baptized and how the educational process was legitimized in pedagogical terms.