For centuries, the ancient Egyptian and Greco-Roman worlds collided, intermingled, and engaged. The papers collected in this thematic special issue of Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections address some aspects of the wide range of interactions that took place during Egypt's ca. 300-year Ptolemaic period and its subsequent annexation by Rome. Distinctly Egyptian but clearly influenced by Greek and Roman mores, the era of the Greek pharaohs and their Imperial Roman successors was just as remarkable as that of the pharaohs of old.