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Our aim in this book is to present a bird’s-eye-view of microwave tubes (MWTs) that continue to be important despite competitive incursions from solid-state devices. We have presented a broad and introductory survey that we hope the readers would be encouraged to read rather than going through lengthier books, and subsequently explore the field of MWTs further in selected areas of relevance to their respective interests. We hope that this book will motivate newcomers to pursue research in MWTs, and offer the opportunity for readers an overview of the salient features and prospects, as well as the trends and progress of them. The scope of ever-expanding applications of MWTs in the high-power and high-frequency regime will sustain and intensify the research and development in MWTs in coming years.
Volume 2 begins with an overview of conventional MWTs leading through to a thorough overview of different types of MWTs including a chapter on fast-wave tubes, vacuum microelectronic tubes and frequency and power ranges. The book finishes with an epilogue that sums up the authors’ attempt to bring out the various aspects of the basics of, and trends in, high-power MWTs.
Volume 2
Page No.
Foreword
i
Preface
ii
Acknowledgement
iv
Chapter 6
Qualitative Description of Conventional and Familiar Microwave Tubes
139-174
6.1
Traveling-Wave Tubes
139
Phenomenological description
139
Wideband performance
142
Efficiency considerations
143
Thermal management and output power
145
Backward-wave excitation, its suppression and role of attenuators
146
Extension of the design to the millimeter-wave regime
148
RF input/output couplers
149
Control of gain and phase variations
151
Requirement of space qualification
151
Dual-mode operation
152
Performance improvement by external means
153
Backward-wave oscillator
153
6.2
Klystrons
154
Two-cavity klystron
155
Multi-cavity klystron
156
Multi-beam klystron (MBK)
157
6.3
Klystron Variants
159
Reflex klystron
159
Inductive output tube
162
Extended interaction klystron (EIK)
163
Extended interaction oscillator (EIO)
165
Twystron
166
6.4
Crossed-Field Tubes
167
Magnetron
167
Crossed-field amplifier (CFA) and carcinotron
172
Chapter 7
Fast-Wave Tubes
175-199
Operating point of fast-wave tubes
175
7.1
Cyclotron Resonance Maser (CRM) and Weibel Instabilities
178
7.2
Gyrotron
180
Higher beam-harmonic operation
184
Mode selectivity
185
7.3
Gyro-Backward-Wave Oscillator
187
7.4
Gyro-Klystron
188
7.5
Gyro-Traveling-Wave Tube
190
Grazing intersection
191
7.6
Cyclotron Auto-Resonance Maser (CARM)
193
7.7
Slow-Wave Cyclotron Amplifier (SWCA)
195
7.8
Hybrid Gyro-Tubes
195
7.9
Peniotron
197
Chapter 8
Vacuum Microelectronic, Plasma-Filled and High Power Microwave (HPM) Tubes
200-229
8.1
Vacuum Microelectronic (VME) MWTs
200
Vacuum microelectronic (VME) technology
201
Typical vacuum-microelectronic (VME) MWTs
204
8.2
Plasma-Filled MWTs
206
Plasma-cathode electron (PCE) gun
207
Typical plasma-filled MWTs
208
8.3
High Power Microwave (HPM) MWTs
212
Relativistic MWTs
215
Some other high power Cerenkov tubes
220
Vircator⎯Bremsstrahlung radiation HPM tube
223
MILO⎯M-type HPM tube requiring no external magnetic field
226
Chapter 9
Frequency and Power Ranges of Common Microwave Tubes
230-235
Chapter 10
Epilogue
236-243
References
244-253