Grain legumes constitute a number of important oilseeds and food crops of the world. Most of these grow predominantly in the low-input production systems in the developing countries of Asia and Africa and are subject to several production constraints. This chapter addresses progress in and prospects for transgenic interventions in the improvement of grain legumes, concentrating on chickpea, pigeonpea, cowpea, lentils, peas, peanuts and other grain legumes. The chapter shows how these technological interventions provide opportunities for enhancing efficiency and effectiveness of breeding programmes for complex traits, as well as increasing the rate of genetic gains in these nutritious grain legumes. The chapter looks ahead to future trends in this area and provides detailed guidance on further reading.