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During the Nazi era many German writers chose, or were forced into, exile. Many others stayed and, after the end of this period, claimed to have retreated into "Inner Emigration". The nature of this kind of emigration and the underlying motives of these writers have been hotly debated to this day. Though the reception of Inner Emigration has often been confounded by disputes over the term itself, the issue is ultimately not a matter of nomenclature, but of more far-reaching issues of literary evaluation, moral discernment and the writing of history. This volume presents, for the first time, to an English-speaking readership the complexity of Inner Emigration through the analysis of problematic individual cases of writers who, under constant pressure from a watchful dictatorship to conform and to collaborate, were caught between conscience and compromise.
"This fine volume…exemplifies German scholarship at its best…It is a singular accomplishment. Although written by eighteen authors, the essays seem of a piece. They are uniformly well written, clear, insightful, and free of annoying jargon." · German Quarterly
Acknowledgments
Notes on Contributors
Introduction: “Coming to Terms” with the German Past
Neil H. Donahue
The Past of the Term
Chapter 1. Inner Emigration: The Term and Its Origins in Postwar Debates
Stephen Brockmann
Foundational Essays
Chapter 2. In the Thicket of Inner Emigration
Reinhold Grimm
Chapter 3. The Young Generation’s Non-National Socialist Literature during the Third Reich
Hans Dieter Schäfer
New Perspectives: Synoptic Studies
Chapter 4. Culture as Simulation: The Third Reich and Postmodernity
Hans Dieter Schäfer
Chapter 5. Targeting the Reader, Entering History: A New Epitaph for the Inner Emigration
Frank Trommler
Chapter 6. Absences of Time and History: Poetry of Inner Emigration
Leonard Olschner
Chapter 7. Depictions of the State in Works of the Inner Emigration
Colin Riordan
Chapter 8. The Limits on Literary Life in the Third Reich
Volker Dahm
New Perspectives: Case Studies
Chapter 9. Opposition or Opportunism? Günter Eich’s Status as Inner Emigrant
Glenn R. Cuomo
Chapter 10. Conservative Opposition: Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen’s Antifascist Novel Bockelson: A History of Mass Hysteria
Karl-Heinz Schoeps
Chapter 11. Luise Rinser’s Escape into Inner Emigration
Diana Orendi
Chapter 12. Survival without Compromise? Reconfiguring the Past in the Works of Hans Werner Richter and Alfred Andersch
Rhys W. Williams
Chapter 13. Exile honoris causa: The Image of Erich Kästner among Writers in Exile
Guy Stern
Chapter 14. Günther Weissenborn’s Ballad of His Life
Wulf Koepke
Chapter 15. Between Apocalypse and Arcadia: Horst Lange’s Visionary Imagination during the Third Reich
Gerald Funk
Chapter 16. “I mounted resistance, though I hid the fact”: Versions of Wolfgang Koeppen’s Early Biography
David Basker
Chapter 17. Elisabeth Langgässer and the Question of Inner Emigration
Cathy S. Gelbin
The Turn Inward Outside of Literature
History Chapter 18. The Unsettling History of German Historians in the Third Reich
Amy R. Sims
Film Chapter 19. State of the Art as Art of the Nazi State: The Limits of Cinematic Resistance
David Bathrick
Selected Bibliography
Index