Figures   v 

Tables   ix

Acknowledgements   x

Preface   xi 

1 From CAD to CSCD: An Introduction  1

Some milestones of architectural CAD (l960s-l 990s). CSCW: A social-technological perspective of practical computing. CSCD: A newly emerging paradigm of CMD? Basic issues raised by architectural design. Design as modelling complex objects. Observing and interpreting case histories. Approaches to research on CMD. Scope and organisation of the book

2 Early Experiments in Supporting Collaborative Drawing and Design   19

Introduction. Aspects of studying group drawing and design activities. Prototype developments and system features. Group uses of shared drawing spaces. Conclusions and pointers to further study

3 Collaborative Design and Shared Discovery of Metaphors   49

Studying how designers work as teams. Communicating space-conception in design: some case histories. Shared discovery of metaphors: A bottom-up scenario. A situation-theoretical framework of description. Bottom-up flow of information in collaborative design

4 More on the Emergence of Common Images and Metaphors   75

Constraints on collaboration in the bottom-up scenario. Issues in supporting emergence of common metaphors. World Wide Web and collaborative design by discovery. Intranet and Web technologies for building TeamCAD

5 Flexible Generic Frameworks and Collaborative Design   93

Flexible generic frameworks: some case histories. From wholes to parts: A topdown scenario of collaborative design. Top-down flow of information in collaborative design. Regarding the Dutch architectural structuralism

6 Joint Substantiation of Common Generic Structures   117

Constraints on sharing flexible generic frameworks. Issues in supporting joint design substantiation. Constraint-based graphics and other related research. GAUDI: A proposed system framework. Operations, images, and collaboration

7 Current Industrial CAD Platforms for Team Working   139

ArchiCAD for TeamWork. AutoCAD 2000i. MicroStation/J and ProjectBank. XML-based schemas for pan-industrial information exchanges

8 Futures of Groupware for Collaborative Design   161

Toward a hypermedia case bank for design studies. Project-wide networking and online architectural services. Innovative interface technologies for collaborative design. Software agents as parts of a project team. Groupware technologies and design education

Glossary   193

Notes   195

References   199

Sources and Illustration Credits   207

Index   209