Conservation biological control and habitat management are key components of integrated pest management (IPM). These related approaches suppress pests by promoting natural enemy survival and impact and by exploiting direct, suppressive effects on pests from vegetation structure. During this century, substantial progress has been made in research and practical use of these approaches. Chemical ecology, integration of molecular techniques and understanding of landscape and regional scale effects are areas where key developments have been made. This chapter focusses on advances in this field of study. It first discusses the terms ‘conservation biological control’ and ‘habitat management’, and differences between them. It goes on to put forward the rationale for conservation biological control and habitat management, and elucidate advances in these areas. The chapter concludes with a section on future directions – the primary challenge being to translate this body of research knowledge into practicable strategies and on-farm adoption.