Twentieth-century hermeneutical theology understands faith as a distinctive mode of understanding. Ernst Fuchs, Gerhard Ebeling, and Eberhard Jüngel build upon Rudolf Bultmann's programmatic formula of "faith and understanding" and develop it into an independent theological conception. The central thesis of this study: This conception performs a far-reaching operation by identifying faith with understanding. Understanding advances to become the normative guiding category and mode of execution for theological interpretations of God, the self, and the world; its operative function remains largely unexplained in the process. Simon Haug subjects this identification to a systematic critical examination, problematizes the close coupling of faith and understanding, and develops a disentangling differentiation of both modes with a particular focus on non-understanding. He first draws on Heidegger's existential-ontological analysis of understanding as a conceptual framework, then reconstructs the constellation of faith and understanding in Fuchs, Ebeling, and Jüngel, and concludes with a critical evaluation in which identification, soteriological overloading, and insufficient reflection on the understanding of understanding are problematized. Subsequently, the author specifically inquires into the understanding of understanding: He begins with a critique of hermeneutics (Hörisch, Lévinas, Waldenfels), situates the identified problem within current hermeneutical discourses through an exemplary engagement with Emil Angehrn's negative hermeneutics, and culminates in a cartography of understanding that systematically distinguishes between understanding, misunderstanding, and non-understanding. Finally, he realigns the constellation: He marks a lasting difference between faith and understanding, opens up further horizons of discourse, identifies non-understanding as a constitutive dimension of both understanding and faith, and thereby breaks the coupling of faith/understanding and unfaith/non-understanding.