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The reformation of the heathen

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A study of the Biblical ‘heathen’ idea in the religious culture of the Protestant Atlantic world, illuminating its role as a catalyst of reformation, colonisation and evangelism in early modern Eng...
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  • 15 December 2026
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This monograph investigates the idea of the ‘heathen’ in English Protestant religious culture of the Atlantic world during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It illuminates how religious attitudes towards multifarious manifestations of non-belief and heterodoxy, derived from the Bible, historical scholarship and theological texts, shaped an ambitious religious-imperial project of reformation, colonisation and evangelism based on the prospect of physical and spiritual expansion. Examining printed texts, manuscript writing and visual culture, this study traces the uses of the ‘heathen’ label in early modern England, Ireland, Virginia and New England. It reveals the evolving, yet enduring power of the concept as an expression of non-belief, uncultivated wilderness and corruption that Protestants perceived not only beyond, but also within Christian communities, even as the label could also invite conversion to the true religion and point the way to salvation.
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Price: £85.00
Pages: 336
Publisher: Manchester University Press
Imprint: Manchester University Press
Publication Date: 15 December 2026
ISBN: 9781807071967
Format: Hardcover
BISACs:

HISTORY / Europe / Great Britain / Tudor & Elizabethan Era (1485-1603), History, HISTORY / Europe / Great Britain / Stuart Era (1603-1714), HISTORY / Europe / Renaissance, HISTORY / Modern / 17th Century, History of religion, European history: Reformation, Social and cultural history

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'The Reformation of the Heathen is an ambitious, agile, and erudite investigation of the interplay between theology, language, race, and evangelism in the early modern Atlantic world. In Patrick McGhee’s hands, ‘heathenism’ becomes an illuminating lens onto the dynamic, complex and troubling process by which Protestantism implanted itself in Britain and its colonies. This marvellous book opens a fascinating new window into the religious politics of global expansion and the Long Reformation.'
– Professor Alexandra Walsham, University of Cambridge

'“Heathen” is one of those weighty words that historians prefer to edge around. McGhee’s book shows what can be done when you look a term like this head-on, and use sharp-eyed close reading and a rigorous historical imagination to tease out its many meanings – more complex and, even, more positive than we might have guessed. He properly helps us see the strange, wide Atlantic world through early modern English eyes.'
– Professor Alec Ryrie, University of Durham

'A work of intellectual religious history, The Reformation of the Heathen: Theology, History and Nature in the Protestant Atlantic World, 1500–1700 takes a potentially dry and complex subject and makes it both engaging and clear. Focusing on English Protestants’ changing perceptions of the heathen, Patrick McGhee’s book ranges across England, Ireland, Virginia, and New England. In teasing out the changing meanings of the concept of heathen, it elucidates Anglo-Protestant religious culture with great sensitivity.'
– Professor Carla Gardina Pestana, UCLA

Patrick Seamus McGhee is Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Durham

Introduction
1 The ‘heathen’ in English Bibles
2 The ‘heathen’ and early Christianity
3 The ‘heathen’ in early modern England
4 The ‘heathen’ and early modern Ireland
5 The ‘heathen’ and early modern Virginia
6 The ‘heathen’ and early modern New England
Conclusion
Bibliography