There is a great deal of confusion regarding the nutritional value and health effects of palm oil. The controversy and conflicting views still continue on whether or not palm oil is atherogenic. Based on current evidence, it would appear that palm oil has both favourable and unfavourable effects. The primary focus of the present chapter is on the nutritional value of crude (red) palm oil, specifically as a source of vitamin A. The chapter includes a detailed case study on the use of red palm oil in Burkino Faso and looks ahead to future trends for research in this area.